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5. Remove the crankshaft oil scraper nuts (1) and oil
scraper (2).
CAUTION: DO NOT use a number stamp or a
punch to mark connecting rods. Damage to con-
necting rod could occur.
6. Inspect connecting rods and connecting rod caps
for cylinder identification (1). Identify them if neces-
sary using a permanent ink or paint marker.
CAUTION: Care must be taken not to damage the
fractured rod and cap joint surfaces, as engine
damage may occur.
NOTE: Do not reuse connecting rod bolts.
7. Remove connecting rod bolts and cap. Push each
piston and rod assembly out the block.
NOTE: Be careful not to nick crankshaft journals.
8. After removal, install bearing cap on the mating
rod.
INSPECTION
CONNECTING ROD
1. Check the connecting rods for twist or bend.
2. Check the condition of the large end. Use an oil stone to remove any nicks and burrs.
3. Check the condition of the pin bore in the small end of the connecting rod.Useanoilstonetoremoveallnicks
and burrs.
PISTON PIN
1. Inspect for free rotation of the piston pin in the piston.
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PISTON
1. Inspect all piston surfaces for nicks and scuffs.
2. Inspect piston and ring grooves for wear.
INSTALLATION
NOTE: Pistons and connecting rods are serviced
as an assembly. Left bank pistons are labeled
“ODD”. Right bank pistons are labeled “EVEN”.
1. Install piston rings (Refer to 9 - ENGINE/ENGINE
BLOCK/PISTON RINGS - INSTALLATION).
NOTE: Before installing pistons, and connecting
rod assemblies into the bore, be sure that com-
pression ring gaps are staggered so that neither is
in line with oil ring rail gap. Before installing the
ring compressor, make sure the oil ring expander
ends are butted and the rail gaps located as
shown in.
2. Immerse the piston head and rings in clean engine oil, slide the ring compressor, over the piston.Be sure posi-
tion of rings does not change during this operation.
3. Rotate crankshaft so that the connecting rod journal is at the bottom of it’s stroke and in the center of the cyl-
inder bore.
4. The arrow on top of piston (1) must be pointing toward front of engine.
5. Install new connecting rod bearing in connecting rod and rod cap.
6. Install piston assembly from the top of the block.
Tap the piston down in cylinder bore, using a ham-
mer handle. Guide the rod over the crankshaft jour-
nal.
7. Install rod cap. InstallNEWconnecting rod bolts.
Bolt threads should be oiled with engine oil. Torque
connecting rod bolts to 68 Nꞏm (50 ft. lbs.).
Page 2115 of 5267
8. Install the crankshaft oil scraper (2) and nuts (1).
Torque nuts (1) to 23 Nꞏm (200 in. lbs.).
9. Install oil pump pick up tube (2) using anewo-ring
(4). Torque 1/4-20 bolt to 11 Nꞏm (95 in. lbs.).
Torque 5/16-18 nuts to 23 Nꞏm (200 in. lbs.).
10. Install oil pan (Refer to 9 - ENGINE/LUBRICA-
TION/OIL PAN - INSTALLATION).
11. Install cylinder heads (Refer to 9 - ENGINE/CYL-
INDER HEAD - INSTALLATION).
12. Install engine, (Refer to 9 - ENGINE -
INSTALLATION).
Page 2116 of 5267
RINGS-PISTON
STANDARD PROCEDURE - MEASURING PISTON RING CLEARANCES
1. Wipe cylinder bore clean. Insert ring and push
down with piston to ensure it is square in bore. The
ring gap measurement must be made with the ring
positioning at least 12 mm (0.50 in.) from bottom of
cylinder bore. Check gap with feeler gauge (1).
(Refer to 9 - ENGINE - SPECIFICATIONS) for pis-
ton ring specifications.
2. Check piston ring side clearance. (Refer to 9 -
ENGINE - SPECIFICATIONS) for piston ring
specifications.
REMOVAL
1. Using a suitable ring expander, remove upper and
intermediate piston rings.
2. Remove the upper oil ring side rail, lower oil ring
side rail and then oil ring expander from piston.
3. Clean ring grooves of any carbon deposits.
Page 2117 of 5267
INSTALLATION
The No. 1 (1) and No. 2 (2) piston rings have a differ-
ent cross section. Install rings with manufacturers I.D.
mark facing up, to the top of the piston.
CAUTION: Install piston rings in the following
order:
Oil ring expander
Lower oil ring side rail
Upper oil ring side rail
No. 2 intermediate piston ring
No. 1 upper piston ring
1. Install oil ring expander.
2. Install the lower oil ring side rail by placing one end
between the piston ring groove and the expander.
Hold end firmly and press down the portion to be
installed until side rail (1) is in position.Do not use
a piston ring expander..
3. Install upper oil ring side rail.
4. Install No. 2 piston ring and then No. 1 piston ring.
Page 2118 of 5267
5. Position piston ring end gaps as shown.
6. Position oil ring expander gap at least 45° from the
side rail gaps butnoton the piston pin center or
on the thrust direction. Staggering ring gap is
important for oil control.
Page 2119 of 5267

BEARINGS-CONNECTING ROD
DESCRIPTION
The bearing caps are not interchangeable and should be paint marked or scribed at removal to insure correct
assembly.
The bearing shells must be installed so that the tangs are in the machined grooves in the rods and caps.
Limits of taper or out-of-round on any crankshaft journals should be held to 0.013 mm (0.0005 in.). Bearings are
available in 0.025 mm (0.001 in.), 0.051 mm (0.002 in.), 0.076 mm (0.003 in.), 0.254 mm (0.010 in.) and 0.305 mm
(0.012 in.) undersize.Install the bearings in pairs. Do not use a new bearing half with an old bearing half. Do
not file the rods or bearing caps.
STANDARD PROCEDURE
CONNECTING ROD BEARING - FITTING
Fit all rods on one bank until complete. Do not alternate from one bank to another, because when the rods are
assembled to pistons correctly, they are not interchangeable from one bank to another.
The bearing caps are not interchangeable and should be marked at removal toinsure correct assembly.
The bearing shells must be installed so that the tangs are in the machined grooves in the rods and caps.
Limits of taper or out-of-round on any crankshaft journals should be held to 0.013 mm (0.0005 in.). Bearings are
available in 0.025 mm (0.001 in.), 0.051 mm (0.002 in.), 0.076 mm (0.003 in.), 0.254 mm (0.010 in.) and 0.305 mm
(0.012 in.) undersize.Install the bearings in pairs. Do not use a new bearing half with an old bearing half. Do
not file the rods or bearing caps.
1. (Refer to 9 - ENGINE/ENGINE BLOCK/CONNECTING ROD BEARINGS - STANDARD PROCEDURE) - Mea-
suring Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance to determine bearing clearance.
2. Before installing the connecting rod cap bolts, the bolt threads shouldbe oiled with engine oil.
3. Install bolts finger tight, then alternately torque each bolt to assemble the cap properly.
4. Tighten the connecting rod bolts to 68 Nꞏm (50 ft. lbs.).
MEASURING CONNECTING ROD BEARING CLEARANCE
Engine crankshaft bearing clearances can be deter-
mined by use of Plastigage (1) or equivalent. The fol-
lowing is the recommended procedure for the use of
Plastigage:
1. Rotate the crankshaft until the connecting rod to be
checked is at the bottom of its stroke.
2. Remove oil film from surface to be checked. Plas-
tigage is soluble in oil.
3. Place a piece of Plastigage (1) across the entire
width of the bearing shell in the bearing cap
approximately 6.35 mm (1/4 inch.) off center and
away from the oil hole. In addition, suspect areas
can be checked by placing plastigage in the suspect area.
4. Before assembling the rod cap with Plastigage in place, the crankshaft must be rotated until the connecting rod
being checked starts moving toward the top of the engine. Only then should the cap be assembled and torqued
to specifications.Do not rotate the crankshaft while assembling the cap or the Plastigage maybe
smeared, giving inaccurate results.
Page 2120 of 5267
5. Remove the bearing cap and compare the width of
the flattened Plastigage with the metric scale pro-
vided on the package. Locate the band closest to
the same width. This band shows the amount of
clearance in thousandths of a millimeter. Differ-
ences in readings between the ends indicate the
amount of taper present. Record all readings taken.
(Refer to 9 - ENGINE - SPECIFICATIONS).Plasti-
gage generally is accompanied by two scales.
One scale is in inches, the other is a metric
scale.
6. Plastigage is available in a variety of clearance ranges. The 0.025-0.076 mm (.001-.003 inch) is usually the most
appropriate for checking engine bearing proper specifications.