2001 NISSAN X-TRAIL Service Repair Manual

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Page 2105 of 3833

NISSAN X-TRAIL 2001 Service Repair Manual OVERALL SYSTEM
AT-27
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“R” Position
●Reverse clutch
●Low and reverse brakeFront planetary carrier is stationary because of the operation of low and reverse brake.
Input

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NISSAN X-TRAIL 2001 Service Repair Manual AT-28
OVERALL SYSTEM
Control System
ECS004QE
OUTLINE
The automatic transaxle senses vehicle operating conditions through various switches and sensors. It always
controls the optimum shift position and

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NISSAN X-TRAIL 2001 Service Repair Manual OVERALL SYSTEM
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TCM FUNCTION
The function of the TCM is to:
●Receive input signals sent from various switches and sensors.
●Determine required line pressure, shiftin

OVERALL SYSTEM
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TCM FUNCTION
The function of the TCM is to:
●Receive input signals sent from various switches and sensors.
●Determine required line pressure, shifting point, lock-up operation, and engine brake operation.
●Send required output signals to the respective solenoids.
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL OF TCM
Control MechanismECS004QF
LINE PRESSURE CONTROL
TCM has various line pressure control characteristics to match the driving conditions.
An ON-OFF duty signal is sent to the line pressure solenoid valve based on TCM characteristics.
Hydraulic pressure on the clutch and brake is electronically controlled through the line pressure solenoid valve
to accommodate engine torque. This results in smooth shift operation.
Normal Control
The line pressure to throttle opening characteristics is set for suitable
clutch operation.
Sensors, switches and solenoid
valvesFunction
InputPNP switch Detects select lever position and sends a signal to TCM.
Accelerator pedal position (APP)
sensorDetects accelerator pedal position sensor as throttle position signal and sends
a signal from ECM to TCM.
Closed throttle position signalDetects throttle valve's fully-closed position and sends a signal from ECM to
TCM.
Wide open throttle position signalDetects a throttle valve position of greater than 1/2 of full throttle and sends a
signal from ECM to TCM.
Engine speed signal From ECM.
A/T fluid temperature sensor Detects transmission fluid temperature and sends a signal to TCM.
Revolution sensor Detects output shaft rpm and sends a signal to TCM.
Vehicle speed sensorUsed as an auxiliary vehicle speed sensor. Sends a signal when revolution
sensor (installed on transmission) malfunctions.
Overdrive control switchSends a signal, which prohibits a shift to “D
4 ” (overdrive) position, to the
TCM.
Stop lamp switch Releases lock-up system when depressing pedal in lock-up condition.
OutputShift solenoid valve A/BSelects shifting point suited to driving conditions in relation to a signal sent
from TCM.
Line pressure solenoid valveRegulates (or decreases) line pressure suited to driving conditions in relation
to a signal sent from TCM.
Torque converter clutch solenoid
valveRegulates (or decreases) lock-up pressure suited to driving conditions in rela-
tion to a signal sent from TCM.
Overrun clutch solenoid valveControls an “engine brake” effect suited to driving conditions in relation to a
signal sent from TCM.
O/D OFF indicator lamp Shows TCM faults when A/T control components malfunction.
SAT003J

Page 2108 of 3833

NISSAN X-TRAIL 2001 Service Repair Manual AT-30
OVERALL SYSTEM
Back-up Control (Engine Brake)
If the selector lever is shifted to “2” position while driving in D4 (OD)
or D
3 , great driving force is applied to the clutch inside the tran

Page 2109 of 3833

NISSAN X-TRAIL 2001 Service Repair Manual OVERALL SYSTEM
AT-31
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Control of Shift Solenoid Valves A and B
The TCM activates shift solenoid valves A and B according to sig-
nals from the throttle position sen

OVERALL SYSTEM
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Control of Shift Solenoid Valves A and B
The TCM activates shift solenoid valves A and B according to sig-
nals from the throttle position sensor and revolution sensor to select
the optimum gear position on the basis of the shift schedule memo-
rized in the TCM.
The shift solenoid valve performs simple ON-OFF operation. When
set to “ON”, the drain circuit closes and pilot pressure is applied to
the shift valve.
Relation Between Shift Solenoid Valves A and B and Gear Positions
Control of Shift Valves A and B
Pilot pressure generated by the operation of shift solenoid valves A and B is applied to the end face of shift
valves A and B.
The drawing above shows the operation of shift valve B. When the shift solenoid valve is “ON”, pilot pressure
applied to the end face of the shift valve overcomes spring force, moving the valve upward.
LOCK-UP CONTROL
The torque converter clutch piston in the torque converter is locked to eliminate torque converter slip to
increase power transmission efficiency. The solenoid valve is controlled by an ON-OFF duty signal sent from
the TCM. The signal is converted to an oil pressure signal which controls the torque converter clutch piston.
Conditions for Lock-Up Operation
When vehicle is driven in 3rd and 4th gear position, vehicle speed and throttle opening are detected. If the
detected values fall within the lock-up zone memorized in the TCM, lock-up is performed.
SAT008J
Shift solenoid valveGear position
D1 , 21 , 11D2 , 22 , 12D3D4 (OD) N-P
A ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open) ON (Closed) ON (Closed)
B ON (Closed) ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open) ON (Closed)
SAT009J
Overdrive control switch ON OFF
Selector lever “D” position
Gear position D
4D3
Vehicle speed sensor More than set value
Throttle position sensor Less than set opening
Closed throttle position switch OFF
A/T fluid temperature sensor More than 40°C (104°F)

Page 2110 of 3833

NISSAN X-TRAIL 2001 Service Repair Manual AT-32
OVERALL SYSTEM
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid Valve Control
The torque converter clutch solenoid valve is controlled by the TCM.
The plunger closes the drain circuit during the “OFF�

AT-32
OVERALL SYSTEM
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid Valve Control
The torque converter clutch solenoid valve is controlled by the TCM.
The plunger closes the drain circuit during the “OFF” period, and
opens the circuit during the “ON” period. If the percentage of OFF-
time increases in one cycle, the pilot pressure drain time is reduced
and pilot pressure remains high.
The torque converter clutch piston is designed to slip to adjust the
ratio of ON-OFF, thereby reducing lock-up shock.
OFF-time INCREASING
↓
Amount of drain DECREASING
↓
Pilot pressure HIGH
↓
Lock-up RELEASING
Torque Converter Clutch Control Valve Operation
Lock-up released
The OFF-duration of the torque converter clutch solenoid valve is long, and pilot pressure is high. The pilot
pressure pushes the end face of the torque converter clutch control valve in combination with spring force to
move the valve to the left. As a result, converter pressure is applied to chamber A (torque converter clutch pis-
ton release side). Accordingly, the torque converter clutch piston remains unlocked.
Lock-up applied
When the OFF-duration of the torque converter clutch solenoid valve is short, pilot pressure drains and
becomes low. Accordingly, the control valve moves to the right by the pilot pressure of the other circuit and
converter pressure. As a result, converter pressure is applied to chamber B, keeping the torque converter
clutch piston applied.
Also smooth lock-up is provided by transient application and release of the lock-up.
OVERRUN CLUTCH CONTROL (ENGINE BRAKE CONTROL)
Forward one-way clutch is used to reduce shifting shocks in downshifting operations. This clutch transmits
engine torque to the wheels. However, drive force from the wheels is not transmitted to the engine because
the one-way clutch rotates idle. This means the engine brake is not effective.
The overrun clutch operates when the engine brake is needed.
SAT010J
SAT011J
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Page 2111 of 3833

NISSAN X-TRAIL 2001 Service Repair Manual OVERALL SYSTEM
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Overrun Clutch Operating Conditions
Overrun Clutch Solenoid Valve Control
The overrun clutch solenoid valve is operated by an ON-OFF signal
transmitted

Page 2112 of 3833

NISSAN X-TRAIL 2001 Service Repair Manual AT-34
OVERALL SYSTEM
Control Valve
ECS004QG
FUNCTION OF CONTROL VALVES
Valve name Function
Pressure regulator valve, plug
and sleeveRegulates oil discharged from the oil pump to provide optimum line

AT-34
OVERALL SYSTEM
Control Valve
ECS004QG
FUNCTION OF CONTROL VALVES
Valve name Function
Pressure regulator valve, plug
and sleeveRegulates oil discharged from the oil pump to provide optimum line pressure for all driving condi-
tions.
Pressure modifier valve and
sleeveUsed as a signal supplementary valve to the pressure regulator valve. Regulates pressure-modi-
fier pressure (signal pressure) which controls optimum line pressure for all driving conditions.
Pilot valve Regulates line pressure to maintain a constant pilot pressure level which controls lock-up mecha-
nism, overrun clutch, shift timing.
Accumulator control valve Regulates accumulator back-pressure to pressure suited to driving conditions.
Manual valve Directs line pressure to oil circuits corresponding to select positions.
Hydraulic pressure drains when the shift lever is in Neutral.
Shift valve A Simultaneously switches four oil circuits using output pressure of shift solenoid valve A to meet
driving conditions (vehicle speed, throttle opening, etc.).
Provides automatic downshifting and up-shifting (1st → 2nd → 3rd → 4th gears/4th → 3rd → 2nd
→ 1st gears) in combination with shift valve B.
Shift valve B Simultaneously switches three oil circuits using output pressure of shift solenoid valve B in rela-
tion to driving conditions (vehicle speed, throttle opening, etc.).
Provides automatic downshifting and up-shifting (1st → 2nd → 3rd → 4th gears/4th → 3rd → 2nd
→ 1st gears) in combination with shift valve A.
Overrun clutch control valve Switches hydraulic circuits to prevent engagement of the overrun clutch simultaneously with appli-
cation of the brake band in D
4 . (Interlocking occurs if the overrun clutch engages during D4 .)
1st reducing valve Reduces low & reverse brake pressure to dampen engine-brake shock when down-shifting from
the “1” position 1
2 to 11 .
Overrun clutch reducing valve Reduces oil pressure directed to the overrun clutch and prevents engine-brake shock.
In “1” and “2” positions, line pressure acts on the overrun clutch reducing valve to increase the
pressure-regulating point, with resultant engine brake capability.
Torque converter relief valve Prevents an excessive rise in torque converter pressure.
Torque converter clutch control
valve, plug and sleeveActivates or inactivates the lock-up function.
Also provides smooth lock-up through transient application and release of the lock-up system.
1-2 accumulator valve and piston Dampens the shock encountered when 2nd gear band servo contracts, and provides smooth
shifting.
3-2 timing valve Switches oil pressure with 3-2 timing valve according to throttle opening.
Shuttle control valve Reduces shock when down-shifting from 3rd to 2nd and regulates overrun clutch.
Cooler check valve Regulates oil pressure which causes lock-up when driving at low speeds.

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