Page 1601 of 2893

ABS Features
Anti-lock control
Grip force of tire and road surface
Main Control
19-109
COEFFICIENT OF
FRICTIONTARGET SLIP RATE
ROTATIONAL
DIRECTION
RADIAL
DIRECTION
OF THE
ROTATIONAL
DIRECTION
SLIP RATE
LEFT-REAR
WHEEL SPEED
SENSOR RIGHT-REAR
WHEEL SPEED
SENSOR
LEFT-FRONT
WHEEL SPEED
SENSOR RIGHT-FRONT
WHEEL SPEED
SENSOR Select Low
Speed Wheel
Detect
Vehicle Speed
Drive
SolenoidRIGHT-REAR
SOLENOID
LEFT-REAR
SOLENOID
RIGHT-FRONT
SOLENOID
LEFT-FRONT
SOLENOID
CONTROL UNIT
ABS
Control
Reference
Slip Rate
Drive
Solenoid
ABS
Control
Drive
Solenoid
ABS
Control
Drive
Solenoid
ABS
Control
RIGHT-FRONT
LEFT-FRONT
Detect
Wheel Speed
Detect
Slip Rate
RIGHT-REAR
LEFT-REAR Detect
Slip Rate
Detect
Slip Rate
Detect
Slip Rate
Detect
Wheel Speed
Detect
Wheel Speed
Detect
Wheel Speed
Without ABS, when the brake pedal is pressed while driving, the wheels sometimes lock before the vehicle comes to a
stop. In such an event, the maneuverability of the vehicle is reduced if the front wheels are locked, and the stability of
the vehicle is reduced if the rear wheels are locked, creating an extremely unstable condition. With ABS, the system
precisely controls the slip rate of the wheels to ensure maximum grip force from the tires, and it thereby ensures
maneuverability and stability of the vehicle. The ABS calculates the slip rate of the wheels based on the four wheel
speeds, and then it controls the brake fluid pressure to reach the target slip rate.
The control unit detects the wheel speed based on the wheel speed sensor signals it receives, then it calculates the
vehicle speed based on the detected wheel speed. The control unit detects the vehicle speed during deceleration
based on the wheel speeds.
The control unit calculates the slip rate of each wheel, and transmits the control signal to the modulator unit solenoid
valve when the slip rate is high.
The hydraulic control has three modes: Pressure intensifying, pressure reducing, and pressure retaining.
(cont’d)
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Page 1602 of 2893

EBD Features
TCS Features
19-110VSA System Components
System Description (cont’d)
REAR WHEEL
BRAKE PRESSURE
With EBD under HEAVY LOAD
at REAR WHEELS
With EBD under LIGHT LOAD
at REAR WHEELS
Without EBD
FRONT WHEEL BRAKE PRESSURE
ANTI-POWER of BRAKE FORCE
TOTAL TRACTION DRIVING POWER
TOTAL TRACTION
BRAKE FORCE
SLIPPERY ROAD SURFACE
NORMAL ROAD SURFACE
The electronic brake distribution (EBD) feature helps control vehicle braking by adjusting the rear brake force in
accordance with the rear wheel load before the ABS operates. Based on the wheel speed sensor signals, the control
unit uses the modulator to control the rear brakes individually. When the rear wheel speed is less than the front wheel
speed, the VSA modulator-control unit retains the current rear brake fluid pressure by closing the inlet valve in the
modulator. As the rear wheel speed increases, and approaches the front wheel speed, the VSA modulator-control unit
increases the rear brake fluid pressure by momentarily opening the inlet valve. This whole process is repeated very
rapidly. While this is happening, kickback may be felt at the brake pedal.
When a drive wheel loses traction on a slippery road surface and starts to spin, the VSA modulator-control unit applies
brake pressure to the spinning wheel, and sends an engine torque control request to the ECM/PCM to slow the
spinning wheel and keep traction.
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Page 1603 of 2893
VSA System Features
Oversteer control
Understeer control
19-111
with VSAwithout VSA The brake makes the yaw rate opposite
to the turning direction
with VSA
without VSA
The brake increases the yaw rate toward
the turning direction
The throttle control effect;
reduces vehicle speed
increases cornering force
Applies the brake to the front and rear outside wheels
Applies the brake to the rear inside wheel
Controls the engine torque when accelerating
(cont’d)
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Page 1604 of 2893
Brake Assist Features
19-112VSA System Components
System Description (cont’d)
Pressure
Threshold
Brake Assist
Begins
Time
Threshold Brake Pedal
Effort Reduced
PanicStopwithBrakeAssist
Time
Pressure
Panic Stop without Brake Assist
Normal Stop
Brake assist helps ensure that any driver can achieve the full braking potential of the vehicle by increasing brake
system pressure in a panic situation, bringing the vehicle into a full ABS stop.
If during a panic stop the VSA modulator-control unit determines that the brake system pressure increases above a
threshold in less than a certain amount of time, the VSA modulator-control unit engages brake assist.
Because the brake system pressure crossed the pressure threshold before the time threshold had expired, the VSA
modulator-control unit goes into brake assist mode.
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Page 1605 of 2893

Modulator Unit
Mode VSA NOValveVSA NC
Valve Inlet
Solenoid Valve Outlet
Solenoid Valve Brake Fluid
Pressure
intensifying
mode
Pressure
retaining
mode
Pressure
reducing
mode
Pressure
adding
mode
19-113
FL RR RL
FR
OUT OUT
IN
IN
VSA NO VSA NC
REGULATOR
VALVE PRESSURE
SENSOR
DAMPING
CHAMBER
RESERVOIR MOTOR
RESERVOIRVSA NC VSA NO
REGULATOR
VALVE IN
IN OUT
OUT
MODULATOR UNIT
IN : INLET SOLENOID VALVE (NORMALLY OPEN)
OUT : OUTLET SOLENOID VALVE (NORMALLY CLOSED)
MASTER CYLINDER
The modulator unit consists of the inlet solenoid valve, the outlet solenoid valve, the VSA NO (normally open)
solenoid valve, the VSA NC (normally closed) solenoid valve, the reservoir, the pump, the pump motor, and the
damping chamber.
The hydraulic control has three modes at ABS action; pressure intensifying, pressure retaining, and pressure reducing.
Pressure adding mode is combined the TCS, VSA, and brake assist action.
The hydraulic circuit is an independent four channel type; one channel for each wheel.
open closed open closed Master cylinder fluid is pumped out to
the caliper.
open closed closed closed Caliper fluid is retained by the inlet and outlet valves.
open closed closed open Caliper fluid flows through the outlet valve to the reservoir.
The motor pumps the reservoir fluid
through the damping chamber to
the master cylinder .
closed open open closed Master cylinder fluid is pumped out by pump with motor through VSA
NC valve to the caliper.
Caliper fluid pressure exceeds
master cylinder pressure.
: The motor will keep running until the operation of the one anti-lock brake control is finished with the first pressure reducing mode.
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Page 1606 of 2893
Î(#'
)
´ ´
19-114VSA System Components
Circuit Diagram
UNDER-DASH
FUSE/RELAY BOX
No. 4 (7.5 A)
IGNITION SWITCH
IG1 HOT in ON (II) and START (III)
BRAKE PEDAL
POSITION SWITCH
Closed: Brake pedal pressed 1
2
WHTRED
YAW RATE-
LATERAL
ACCELERATION
SENSOR
WHT RED 1
3
4
YEL
5
BLK
4
2
1 VSA OFF SWITCH
WHT
WHT
RED
5
No. 3 (40 A)
No.1(100A) No.2(50A)
No. 3 (30 A)
No. 12 (15 A)
UNDER-HOOD FUSE/RELAY BOX
BATTERY
ABS
INDICATOR
BRAKE SYSTEM
INDICATOR
1
VSA ACTIVATION
INDICATOR VSA
INDICATOR
19
28
27
GAUGE CONTROL
MODULE (TACH)
BRNB
WHT
29
RED
GRN
14
RED
G501
C2 C1
E24
F16
YEL
G602
BLU
LT GRN GRYREDBRN
BLK
WHT
LT GRN GRY
H1
D8 36 D2
G502
BLK
WHT
RED
WHT
LT BLU
B
G401
BRAKE FLUID
LEVEL SWITCH
Closed: Low fluid
1 2
BLK
ORN ORN
1
PARKING
BRAKE SWITCH
Closed: Parking
brake applied DATA LINK
CONNECTOR (DLC)
ORN
IG1
6
16
4 714
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Page 1607 of 2893
Î
´´
´
´ ´
´
´
19-115
VSA MODULATOR-CONTROL UNIT
CONTROL UNIT
5V
REGULATOR MODULATOR UNIT
VSA1
VSA2
LEFT-FRONT
RIGHT-FRONT LEFT-REAR
RIGHT-REAR
PUMP MOTOR
G202 PRESSURE
SENSOR
SOLENOIDS
IC 13
14
22
11 19 6
20 8
9
21
37
36 34
17 3
7
10
15 1
26
1 2 1
2
2
1
1 2 28
WHT RED
GRN
PUR
BLU
ORN
BRN
WHT RED
LT BLU
GRN
PNK
BLK BLK
LT GRN
WHTRED A40
A36
A37
WHT RED 2
4
3
5
1
STEERING
ANGLE
SENSOR
PUR
LT GRN
RED
LT BLU
GRY PUMP MOTOR RELAY
FAIL-SAFE RELAY
VCC
VCC
IG1
CAN
CONTROLLER
:12V :5V VCC
ELECTRIC
CURRENT
LIMITATION
B
GND IG1
VCC
GRY
BLU YEL
RED
WHT
ECM/PCM
WHEEL SPEED SENSOR
NC NO
NCNO
IN
OUT
IN OUT
IN OUT
INOUT
FSR B MR B
FL B
FL-GND FR B
FR-GND
RL B
RL-GND RR B
RR-GND
MR-GND
GND
STR-A
STR-B
STR-D
SVCC
SGND
CAN-H
CAN-L
K-LINE IG1
(cont’d)
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Page 1608 of 2893
19-116VSA System Components
Circuit Diagram (cont’d)
BRAKE PEDAL POSITION
SWITCH 4P CONNECTOR
PARKING BRAKE SWITCH
1P CONNECTOR
DATA LINK CONNECTOR (DLC) VSA OFF SWITCH
5P CONNECTOR
YAW RATE-LATERAL
ACCELERATION SENSOR
5P CONNECTOR
STEERING ANGLE SENSOR
5P CONNECTOR
BRAKE FLUID LEVEL SWITCH
2P CONNECTOR
UNDER-HOOD
FUSE/RELAY BOX
CONNECTOR C (2P)
WHEEL SPEED SENSOR
2P CONNECTOR
ECM/PCM CONNECTOR A (44P)
GAUGE CONTROL MODULE (TACH) 36P CONNECTOR
VSA MODULATOR-CONTROL UNIT 37P CONNECTOR UNDER-DASH FUSE/RELAY BOX CONNECTOR F (34P)
UNDER-DASH FUSE/RELAY BOX CONNECTOR E (42P)
Wire side of female terminals
Terminal side of female terminals
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