Page 1217 of 3229

To s top the engine t he s t op/s tart but ton must be pres sed. Forcibly removing t he remote hands et from t he s tart controlmodule will not s top the engine. On models wit h automat ic t rans mi ss i on, once the engi ne has st opped the remotehands et wil l not be releas ed by t he s tart cont rol module unt il the trans mi s si on s el ect or lever is i n t he Park (P) pos i ti on.
Throttle Control
The ECM controls t he posi ti oni ng of the throt t le di sc i n t he electric t hrot tl e us ing i nformat ion from t he APP s ens or and t heTP s ensor. Dat a from t he A/C pres sure s ens or, TCM, ECT s ens or, MAF s ensor and t he MAP/IAT s ensor i s als o us ed todetermine t he correct t hrot tl e cont rol .
The t wo Hall effect sens ors i n t he TP s ens or are des ignat ed 1 and 2. Both sens ors out put an i ncreasi ng vol tage as thet hrott le di s c angl e increas es. Smal l air fl ows t hrough the throt tl e requi re comprehens ive regul at ion, t herefore the vol tageri s e in one of the s ensors increas es more quickl y t han the ot her s ens or whi ch gives accurat e cont rol of t he thrott le andensure t he thrott le di sc is i n t he correct posi ti on.
The ECM moni tors the si gnal s from bot h s ens ors to ens ure they are wit hin the minimum and maximum t hres hol ds and thatt he si gnal s corres pond t o the same thrott le di sc pos it ion. If there is a difference in the si gnal s the ECM us es a defaultt hrott le si gnal calculated from t he electric t hrot tl e load, engi ne s peed and ai r pres s ure and t emperature s ignals . Thes ens or whose out put s ignal i s clos est t o t he calcul ated t hrot tl e dis c angle will be us ed as t he correct output . A faul t codewil l be recorded for the ot her s ens or and t his can be read us ing a Land Rover approved di agnos ti c s ys t em. The ECM t henmonit ors t he remaining s ens or out put s i gnal and compares it agains t t he cal cul ated value. If a difference i n thecomparis on occurs t he ECM wi ll dis count t he output from bot h s ens ors and dis abl e t he electric t hrot tl e cont rol and revert toa l imp home mode. The throt t le di sc has s prings for opening and clos ing and t he ECM can meas ure the l oad appl ied byt hes e s pri ngs for a l oad s ignal . If a fault occurs whi ch prevent s t he damper mot or from being operat ed, the s prings ret urnt he throt t le di sc to a pos i ti on which all ows a t hrot tl e openi ng large enough t o all ow t he vehi cle t o driven, but wi th reduceddri ve abi li ty.
Throt tl e Adapt ions
The ECM has a learning adapti on which al lows t he ECM t o calculate the preci s e cont rol required for t he elect ric throt t ledamper motor. The adapti on process is performed when the ignit ion i s on and t he engine is not runni ng. The t hrot tl e dis cis moved by the damper mot or to t he fully cl osed pos it ion and t he ECM records t he val ues out put by the TP sens orpotenti ometers.
If the permanent batt ery supply t o t he ECM has been removed, t hen previous adapt ions wi ll have been los t. If adapt ionsare st ored, t hen the ECM compares the s t ored adapti on val ues wit h t he current t hrottle angl e and us es an average of thes tored and current values t o create the new adapt ion value.
If the el ect ri c throt t le unit has been repl aced, t he power s upply mus t be removed from t he ECM t o eras e al l previousl ys tored adapt ion values .
Fuel Pressure Regulation
Fuel pres s ure regulati on is cont roll ed by t he ECM t o res pond t o fuel pres s ure demand and provi des s t epl ess cont rol of the
pump output us ing t he FPDM t o control t he pump operat ion. The ECM can vary t he fuel pres s ure to bet ween 55.1 l bf/in2
(3.8 bar) and 72.5 lbf/i n2 (5 bar). The hi gh pres s ure i s only us ed in ext reme condit ions s uch as heavy engine loads andengi ne s tarts .
The ECM us es t he si gnal s from the fuel rail pres s ure/temperat ure s ens or t o det ermi ne informat ion regardi ng t he pres sureand t emperature of the fuel and provi de precis e i njecti on periods , improvi ng engi ne s tarti ng under all condit ions. Theadvant age of controll ing t he fuel pump output pres s ure are t hat pump power consumpt ion is reduced, loweri ng the load ont he power s upply s yst em and reduci ng fuel cons umpt ion, improved s ervi ce life of t he pump and reduced fuel pump nois e.
• NOTE: W hen t he i gni ti on is swi tched off t he FPDM reduces t he fuel li ne pres s ure regul at ion to 29 lbf/in2 (2 bar) to hel preduce inject or leakage.
Knock Control
Knock occurs i n a cyli nder when t he fuel and air s elf i gni tes at t he wrong ti ming. This can occur eit her before or after t hes park i s produced. The fuel mi xt ure can ignit e in different areas of t he combus t ion chamber and res ul ts in a fas tcombus t ion proces s creati ng s everal s eparat e fuel combus t ions which t oget her combi ne to produce a mechani cal knockings ound. The s ounds produce a certain type of vibrat ion through t he engine cylinder block and thes e are detected by t heknock s ensors . The two knock s ens ors det ect knocks on cyl inders 1, 2 and 3 and 4, 5 and 6 respecti vel y.
The vibrat ions act upon the peizo crys t als wi thi n t he sens ors whi ch res ult s in a volt age bei ng produced whi ch is sens ed byt he ECM. The ECM, us ing the CMP sens ors and t he CKP s ensor, can det ermi ne which cylinder(s ) are knocking. The ECM isable t o fil ter t he s ignal t o det ect vibrat ions creat ed duri ng normal engi ne operati on and dis card t hem from the knockdetecti on. The i gni ti on t imi ng is gradual ly advanced unti l the knocki ng is det ect ed once agai n.
Once the ECM has determined knocking is occurri ng usi ng other input s s uch as cat al yti c convert er temperat ure for exampl ein addi ti on to the s i gnal s from t he knock s ens ors , it first retards the ignit ion t imi ng and s ubs equent ly ri chens t he air/fuel i frequired.
Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) Control
The inl et cams haft i s cont rol led by t he ECM us ing the VCT s olenoid. The exhaus t camshaft is fixed and i ts ti ming cannotbe changed.
Both cams haft s are dri ven i ndirect ly from the cranks haft via a chai n. The chain is driven from a s haft in the gear hous i ngas sembl y.For addit ional informat ion, refer t o: Engi ne - 3.2L (303-01, Descripti on and Operat ion).The VCT all ows t he ECM t o adus t t he inl et cams haft pos it ion i n rel ati on to the cranks haft , al tering t he t imi ng of theopeni ng and clos ing of t he inlet and exhaus t valves rel ati ve to the cranks haft posi ti on. Thi s allows the ECM to provideincreas ed engi ne performance, i mproved i dl e quali ty and reduced emi ss i ons .
Page 1218 of 3229

The posi ti on of the inlet cams haft is det ermi ned by the ECM us ing s ignals from t he CKP s ens or and t he CMP s ens ors. TheECM can t hen use the VCT sol enoid val ve to cont rol t he angl e of the cams haft by controlli ng t he fl ow of oil t o t he VCT unit .
The camshaft is s ecured t o t he rot or in t he VCT unit . Oil pres s ure suppli ed to eit her s ide of t he VCT unit from t he VCTs olenoi d valve can rot ate the rotor and hence the cams haft i n eit her di recti on. The VCT sol enoi d is operat ed by t he ECMus ing PW M, hi gh frequency s wit chi ng which provi des rapid and preci se cont rol of the i nlet cams haft pos i ti on. The i nletcamshaft pos i ti on can be adjust ed wi thi n 40 degrees of cranks haft rotat ion.
Camshaft Profile Switching (CPS) Control
The inl et cams haft has , in addit ion to t he VCT control, a CPS funct ion whi ch is al so cont roll ed by t he ECM. The CPS cont rolcan vary t he val ve li ft height and durat ion of t he camshaft lobes by adjus ti ng the area of t he hydraul ic t appet whi ch act son one of t wo cam l obe profi les . The CPS cont rol is vi a t wo CPS s olenoid valves , located at each end of the i nlet cams haft.The CPS s olenoid valves cont rol t he posi ti on of hydraul ic t appet as s embli es which can be s et in one of t wo pos it ions; lowand high.
Two CPS s olenoids are us ed so that t he hydraul ic t appet s can be adjus t ed when no load i s applied, for example the camlobes are off t he hydraul ic t appet s and t he cam bas e circl e is act ing on t he t appet , thi s keeps t he s tress on components toa minimum. One CPS s ol enoi d s uppl ies oi l press ure to the hydrauli c t appet s of cyli nders 1, 2 and 4 and the s econd CPSs olenoi d s uppl ies oi l press ure to the tappet s of cylinders 3, 5 and 6.
At engi ne s tart and at low engine oi l temperat ures (below 40°C (104°F)) the ECM does not direct engine oi l pres sure t ot he hydraul ic t appet s and t herefore the hydraul ic t appet s are in t heir s pring loaded, l ow posi ti on.For addit ional informat ion, refer t o: Engi ne - 3.2L (303-01, Descripti on and Operat ion).
Ignition Control
The ECM calculat es the opt imum ignit ion ti ming bas ed on pre-programmed maps and informat ion from t he foll owings ens ors :
CKP s ensorCMP s ensorsMAF s ensorECT s ens orElectric t hrot tl e TP s ensorKnock s ens orsTCMIgni ti on coi ls .
Duri ng engi ne s tarti ng the ECM uses a fi xed ignit ion s et ti ng. W hen the engine has s tart ed and the vehicle is bei ng driven,t he ECM adjus ts the i gni ti on t imi ng accordi ngl y us ing ot her paramet ers s uch as engine s peed, l oad and temperat ure.
Once the engi ne has reached i ts normal operati ng temperature, t he ECM moni tors the si gnal s from the knock sens ors . Ifany of the cyli nders produce knocking, the i gnit ion t imi ng for t hat cyli nder wi ll be retarded unt il t he knocking has s t opped.The ignit ion is t hen gradually advanced back t o t he normal t imi ng or unt il t he knocking re-occurs .
The ECM us es informat ion from the TCM t o provide t orque l imi tat ion during t rans mis s ion s hifts . The i gni ti on ti mi ng isadjus ted t o moment ari ly reduce t he engine t orque output t o give a smoot h t rans mis s ion shi ft and reduce l oad on thet ransmis s ion.
Air Conditioning (A/C) Compressor Control
The ECM controls t he operati on of the A/C compres s or and reacts t o reques ts from t he ATC module vi a t he high s peed CANbus. The compres s or is a variable di s pl acement unit and t he ECM controls , via a sol enoi d, t he dis placement of thecompres sor t o adjus t load during cert ain driving condit ions.
Duri ng engi ne s tart-up, movi ng from a s tandst il l and under hard accelerat ion, the ECM s et s t he mi nimum dis placement oft he compress or t o reduce the effect on t he engi ne t orque output. The ECM uses i nformati on from t he ATC module, t he A/Cpres s ure s ensor, the el ect ri c t hrott le TP s ens or and the ECT sens or to det ermi ne compres sor control . The ATC modulet ransmit s climate control and driver reques ts t o t he ECM and t he ECM det ermi nes the priori ty of thes e request s overengi ne performance.
Page 1219 of 3229

Publi shed: 20-Jul-2011
Electronic Engine Controls - I6 3.2L Petrol - Electronic Engine Controls
Diagnosi s and Tes ti ng
Principles of Operation
For a detail ed descripti on of the el ect ronic engi ne cont rols , refer to the relevant Des cri pti on and Operati on s ect ion i n t heworks hop manual .REFER to: Elect ronic Engine Cont rols (303-14A El ect ronic Engine Cont rols - I6 3.2L Petrol, Des cript ion and Operat ion).
Inspection and Verification
CAUTION: Di agnos is by s ubs ti tut ion from a donor vehicle is NO T acceptabl e. Subs ti tut ion of cont rol modules doesnot guarant ee confirmat ion of a faul t, and may als o caus e addit ional fault s i n t he vehi cl e being t est ed and/or t he donorvehi cl e.
• NOTE: For di agnos t ic purpos es the cyli nders are divided i nt o t wo banks: Bank 1 - Cyl inder numbers 1, 2 and 3. Bank 2 -Cylinders 4, 5 and 6.
1. Verify t he cus t omer concern.1.
2. Vis ually ins pect for obvious mechani cal or electrical fault s .2.
Visual Inspection
MechanicalElectricalEngine oil l evelCooli ng sys t em cool ant levelFuel l evelFuel contami nati on/grade/quali tyThrot tl e bodyVari abl e valve t iming (VVT) uni ts
Fus esW iring harnes sEl ect ri cal connector(s )Sens or(s)Variable val ve ti ming (VVT) s ol enoi dsEngine Cont rol Module (ECM)Trans mi s si on Control Module (TCM)
3. If an obvious cause for an obs erved or report ed concern is found, correct t he caus e (if pos s ible) beforeproceeding t o t he next s t ep.3.
4. Us e the approved di agnos ti c s ys t em or a s can t ool t o ret rieve any diagnos t ic t rouble codes (DTCs ) before movingont o t he sympt om chart or DTC i ndex.
Make s ure t hat all DTCs are cl eared fol lowing recti fi cat ion.
4.
Symptom Chart
Symptom(general)Symptom (specific)Possible causesActionNon-St artEngine does not crankSecuri ty s ys tem /Immobi lizerengagedEngine cont rol module (ECM)relay faultBat tery dis chargedSt art ing s ys tem faultEngine sei zed
Check t hat t he s ecurit y s ys t em i s dis armed.Check t he ECM rel ay operati on. Check t hebat tery and s tarter s yst ems . Refer to theel ect ri cal guides . Check t hat the engineturns by hand.
Engine cranks, but doesnot fi reLow/cont aminated fuelIgnit ion s ys tem faultFuel s ys t em faul tCranks haft pos it ion (CKP)sens or faultEngine cont rol module (ECM)fault
Check t he fuel level and condit ion. Check forDTCs indicati ng ignit ion, fuel or s ens orfault s. Recti fy as neces sary. Refer to t hewarrant y policy and procedures manual if anECM is sus pect .
Engine cranks and fi res ,but wil l not s t artEvaporat ive emi ss ions purgeval ve faultFuel s ys t em faul tSpark plugs foul ed/incorrectgapIgnit ion coil faul t(s )
Check for DTCs i ndi cat ing evaporat iveemis s ions, fuel or i gni ti on s ys t em fault s.Rect ify as neces sary.
Di fficul t t os tartDiffi cul t to s tart coldCheck cool ant ant i-freezecontentBat tery dis chargedCranks haft pos it ion (CKP)sens or faultFuel s ys t em faul tEvaporat ive emi ss ions purgeval ve fault
Check t he cool ant ant i-freeze content. Checkthe bat tery condit ion and s t ate of charge.Check for DTCs i ndi cat ing a s ens or, fuelsys tem or evaporat ive emi s si ons sys temfault . Rect ify as neces s ary.
Page 1220 of 3229

Symptom(general)Symptom (specific)Possible causesAction
Diffi cul t to s tart hotInject or l eakFuel s ys t em faul tFuel temperature s ens or faultInt ake ai r temperat ure (IAT)sens or faultMas s ai r fl ow (MAF) s ens orfaultEvaporat ive emi ss ions purgeval ve faultIgnit ion s ys tem fault
Check for DTCs i ndi cat ing an inject or, fuelsys tem or s ens or fault . Check t heevaporat ive emi ss ion and ignit ion s ys tems .Rect ify as neces sary.
Diffi cul t to s tart after hots oak (vehicle st andi ngaft er engi ne has reachedoperati ng t emperature)
Inject or l eakFuel s ys t em faul tFuel temperature s ens or faultInt ake ai r temperat ure (IAT)sens or faultMas s ai r fl ow (MAF) s ens orfaultEvaporat ive emi ss ions purgeval ve faultIgnit ion s ys tem fault
Check for DTCs i ndi cat ing an inject or, fuelsys tem or s ens or fault . Check t heevaporat ive emi ss ion and ignit ion s ys tems .Rect ify as neces sary.
Engine cranks t oofas t /s lowBat tery dis chargedSt art ing s ys tem faultCompress i ons hi gh/low
Check t he bat t ery condi ti on and s tat e ofcharge. Check the s t art er s ys tem. Refer t othe el ect ri cal guides. Check t he engi necompres s ions . Rect ify as neces s ary.
Engines tal lsEngine s tal ls s oon aft ers tartBreather s ys t emdi s connect ed/res t ri ct edAi r fi lt er res trictedFuel li ne faultEngine cont rol module (ECM)relay faultMas s ai r fl ow (MAF) s ens orfaultIgnit ion s ys tem fault
Check t he engi ne breather and i nt akesys tems . Check the fuel lines for leakage,et c.. Check for DTCs indicat ing an ECM relay,sens or or i gni ti on s yst em fault . Rect ify asnecess ary.
Engine s tal ls on overrunEngine cont rol module (ECM)relay faultThrott le pos it ion (TP) s ens orsfault
Check for DTCs i ndi cat ing an ECM rel ay or TPsens or fault . Rect ify as neces s ary.
Engine s tal ls at s t eadys peedEngine cont rol module (ECM)relay faultCranks haft pos it ion (CKP)sens or faultThrott le pos it ion (TP) s ens orsfault
Check for DTCs i ndi cat ing an ECM rel ay orsens or fault . Rect ify as neces s ary.
Engine s tal ls wi th s peedcont rol enabledEngine cont rol module (ECM)relay faultCheck for DTCs i ndi cat ing an ECM rel ay fault .Rect ify as neces sary.
Engine s tal ls whenmanoeuvringAddi ti onal engi ne loads (powerst eering, air condit ioning(A/C), et c.)Engine cont rol module (ECM)relay faultThrott le pos it ion (TP) s ens orsfaultTransmis si on mal funct ionCont roll er area network (CAN)malfuncti on
Check t he acces sory dri ve sys t ems. Check forDTCs indicati ng an ECM relay, sens or,trans mi ss i on or CAN faul t. Recti fy asnecess ary.
Poordri veabi lit yEngine hes it at es /pooraccelerati onFuel li ne faultFuel pump faul tInject or l eakFuel pres s ure faul tThrott le pos it ion (TP) s ens orsfaultThrott le motor faul tIgnit ion s ys tem faultHeat ed oxygen s ensor (HO2S)faultTransmis si on mal funct ionRes t ri ct ed accelerator pedaltravel (carpet , etc.)Accelerat or pedal posi ti on(APP) s ens or fault
Check t he fuel li nes and intake ai r sys tem.Check for DTCs i ndi cat ing a fuel pump orpress ure fault . Check for DTCs indicati ng aTP sens or or motor faul t. Check for DTCsindicati ng an ignit ion, s ens or or transmis s ionfault . Check t he APP s ens or for fullmovement , etc.. Recti fy as necess ary.
Engine backfiresFuel pump faul tFuel li ne faultMas s ai r fl ow (MAF) s ens orfaultHeat ed oxygen s ensor (HO2S)
Check t he fuel pump and l ines. Check forDTCs indicati ng a s ens or, ignit ion or VVTfault . Rect ify as neces s ary.
Page 1221 of 3229

Symptom(general)Symptom (specific)Possible causesAction
faultIgnit ion s ys tem faultSt icking vari able valve t iming(VVT) hubAccelerat or pedal posi ti on(APP) s ens or fault
Engine s urgesFuel pump faul tFuel li ne faultMas s ai r fl ow (MAF) s ens orfaultThrott le pos it ion (TP) s ens orsfaultThrott le motor faul tIgnit ion s ys tem fault
Check t he fuel pump and l ines. Check forDTCs indicati ng a s ens or or ignit ion sys temfault . Rect ify as neces s ary.
Engine detonates /knocksFuel pump faul tFuel li ne faultFuel qual it yKnock s ens or (KS)/ci rcuitmalfuncti onMas s ai r fl ow (MAF) s ens orfaultHeat ed oxygen s ensor (HO2S)faultSt icking vari able valve t iming(VVT) hubBarometric press ure (BARO)sens or malfuncti on (internalengine cont rol module (ECM)fault )
Check t he fuel pump and l ines. Check thefuel for cont aminat ion and correct grade.Check for DTCs i ndi cat ing a s ens or, VVT orECM fault . Rect ify as neces s ary. Refer t o t hewarrant y policy and procedures manual if anECM is sus pect .
No t hrot tl e res ponseAccelerat or pedal posi ti on(APP) s ens or faultThrott le pos it ion (TP) s ens orsfaultThrott le motor faul t
Check for DTCs i ndi cat ing a s ens or orthrot tl e mot or fault . Rect ify as neces s ary.
Speed cont rol inhibi ted ordis abledDefault mode enabledSpeed control s wi tch(es )Thrott le pos it ion (TP) s ens orsfaultCont roll er area network (CAN)fault
Check t he mes sage center for defaul tmess ages. Check for DTCs i ndi cat ing a speedcontrol, s ensor or CAN fault . Rect ify asnecess ary.
Poor throt tl e respons eBreather s ys t emdi s connect ed/res t ri ct edAccelerat or pedal posi ti on(APP) s ens or faultThrott le pos it ion (TP) s ens orsfaultEngine coolant t emperature(ECT) s ens or faultMas s ai r fl ow (MAF) s ens orfaultTransmis si on mal funct ion
Check t he engi ne breather s yst em. Check forDTCs indicati ng a s ens or or transmis s ionfault . Rect ify as neces s ary.
Engine default s , warningli ght and mess ages. Refert o t he owner handbook
Thrott le pos it ion (TP) s ens orsfaultMas s ai r fl ow (MAF) s ens orfaultEngine coolant t emperature(ECT) s ens or fault
Check for DTCs i ndi cat ing a s ens or fault .Rect ify as neces sary.
DTC Index
• NOTE: If a cont rol module or component i s s uspect and the vehicl e remai ns under manufacturer warrant y, refer t o t heW arranty Pol icy and Procedures manual (s ect ion B1.2), or determine i f any pri or approval program is i n operat ion, beforet he replacement of a component.
• NOTE: Generic scan t ool s may not read the codes li st ed, or may read only fi ve digit codes . Mat ch the five di git s from t hes can tool to the firs t fi ve di git s of the seven digi t code l is ted to ident ify t he faul t (t he las t t wo digi ts gi ve addi ti onalinformat ion read by the manufact urer approved diagnos t ic s ys tem).
• NOTE: W hen performing volt age or res is t ance t est s , always use a digi tal mult imeter (DMM) accurat e t o t hree deci malplaces, and wi th an up-t o-date cal ibrat ion cert ificate. W hen tes ti ng res is t ance al ways take t he res is t ance of t he DMMleads i nt o account .
• NOTE: Check and recti fy bas ic faul ts before beginni ng diagnos t ic rout ines i nvol vi ng pinpoint t es t s.
• NOTE: Ins pect connect ors for s igns of water ingres s , and pins for damage and/or corros ion.
Page 1222 of 3229
• NOTE: If di agnos t ic t rouble codes are recorded and, after performi ng t he pinpoi nt tes t s, a fault i s not pres ent , anint ermi tt ent concern may be the caus e. Al ways check for l oos e connect ions and corroded t erminals .
For a compl ete lis t of all Di agnos ti c Trouble Codes (DTCs) t hat could be logged on this vehicle, pleas e refer to Sect ion100-00REFER t o: Diagnost ic Troubl e Code (DTC) Index - I6 3.2L Pet rol, DTC: Engine Control Modul e (ECM) (100-00 GeneralInformat ion, Des cript ion and Operat ion).
Page 1223 of 3229
Publi s hed: 11-May-2011
Electronic Engine Controls - I6 3.2L Petrol - Camshaft Position (CMP)
Sensor
Removal and Inst all ati on
Removal
• NOTE: Removal s t eps in t his procedure may cont ain i nst all ati on det ail s.
Remove t he engi ne cover.
Refer t o: Engi ne Cover - I6 3.2L Pet rol (501-05 Int eri or Trim and
Ornament ati on, Removal and Ins tal lat ion).
1. 2.
3.
CAUTIONS: Not e t he fi tt ed pos it ion of t he special was her.
Di s card the seal.
T orque: 10 Nm 3.
Installation 1. CAUTIONS: Make s ure that t he mat ing faces are clean and free of
corros i on and forei gn mat erial . A new O-ri ng s eal i s to be ins tal led.
To i nst all , revers e t he removal procedure.
1.
Page 1224 of 3229
Publi s hed: 11-May-2011
Electronic Engine Controls - I6 3.2L Petrol - Crankshaft Position (CKP)
Sensor
Removal and Inst all ati on
Removal
• NOTE: Removal s t eps in t his procedure may cont ain i nst all ati on det ail s.
1. W ARNING: Do not work on or under a vehi cle s upported onl y
by a jack. Al ways support t he vehi cl e on s afet y s tands .
Rais e and s upport t he vehi cl e.
1.
Remove t he engi ne undershi eld.
Refer t o: Engi ne Unders hi eld (501-02 Front End Body Panel s ,
Removal and Ins tall ati on).
2. T orque:
10 Nm 3.
Installation To i nst all , revers e t he removal procedure.
1.