Page 4057 of 4402
Speci\bl\ffe\btures\fto\fnote\fduring\fbe\bd\fwelding:\fBoth\fp\brts\fof\fthe\fp\bnel\fmust\fbe\fb\bre\fon\fboth\fsides\fover\f\b\fwidth\fof\f5\fmm.\f\f
Align\fthe\fp\brts\fprecisely\fwith\fcl\bmps.\f\f
To\fprevent\fthe\fp\bnel\ffrom\fw\brping,\ft\bck\flonger\fjoints\fbefore\fwelding\fthem.\f
Intermittent\fbe\bd\fwelding\f
In
termittent\fbe\bd\fwelding\fis\fused\fwhen\fthe\fconnecting\ffl\bnges\f\bre\fstepped.\fThis\fform\fof\f
se\bm\fis\fm\binly\fused\fon\fthe\fextern\bl\fp\bnel\f\bre\b\ffor\fsection\bl\frep\birs.\f
Speci\bl\ffe\btures\fto\fnote\fwhen\fintermittent\fbe\bd\fwelding:\f
Weld\fg\bp.\f\f
Spot\fweld\finterv\bl.\f\f
Apply\f\bltern\bte\ft\bck\fwelding\f\bcross\fthe\fentire\flength\fof\fthe\fse\bm.\fThis\fkeeps\fw\brping\fto\f
\b\fm
inimum.\f
MIG braze\f
\f
\f
Стр. 3 из 9
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Page 4058 of 4402

Met\bl\fInert\fG\bs\f(MIG)\fbr\bzing\fis\fincre\bsingly\fused\fin\fproduction\ffor\fcert\bin\fbody\f\bre\bs.\f
In\f\bre\bs\fwhere\fresist\bnce\fspot\fwelding\fis\fnot\fpossible\fdue\fto\flimited\fsp\bce\for\fhigher\f
strength\frequirements,\fMIG\fwelding\fw\bs\fpreviously\fused.\f
Incre\bsingly,\fthese\fMIG\fwelded\fse\bms\f\bre\fbeing\frepl\bced\fby\fMIG\fbr\bzes.\fThe\ftemper\bture\f
r\bnge\fused\fduring\fMIG\fbr\bzing\fis\fsignific\bntly\flower.\fThis\fkeeps\fthe\fd\bm\bge\fto\fthe\f\bnti-
corrosion\fzinc\fl\byer\fon\fzinc-co\bted\fp\bnels\fto\f\b\fminimum.\f
This\fresults\fin\fthe\ffollowing\f\bdv\bnt\bges\fof\fthe\fMIG\fbr\bzed\fse\bm:\fNo\fcorrosion\fof\fthe\fbr\bzed\fse\bm.\f\f
Low\ferosion\fof\fthe\fzinc\fco\bting\fin\fthe\fjoining\f\bre\b.\f\f
Low\flevel\fof\fhe\bting\f\bnd\fthus\flittle\fw\brping.\f\f
E\bsy\ffinishing\fof\fthe\fbr\bzed\fse\bm.\f\f
Good\ffor\fbridging\fg\bps.\f
NOTE:\fMIG\fwelds\fmust\fnot\fbe\fc\brried\fout\fon\for\fne\br\fexisting\fMIG\fbr\bzed\fse\bms\f\bs\feven\f
th
e\fsm\bllest\f\bmount\fof\fbr\bzing\fsolder\fc\bn\fresult\fin\f\b\freduction\fin\fthe\fstrength\fof\fthe\fweld\f
se\bm.\f
MIG\fbr\bzing\frequires\f\b\fnew\fgener\btion\fof\fwelding\fequi p
ment\f\bnd\ftr\bining\fin\fthe\ftechnique.\f
Joining technique\f
Descrip\bionDescrip\bion
1Re\br\fside\fmember\f/\fwheelhouse\freinforcement
2Apron\fp\bnel\freinforcement\f/\fA-pill\br
\f
Стр. 4 из 9
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Page 4059 of 4402

Butt joint\f\f
The\fbutt\fjoint\fis\f\b\fjoining\ftechnique\ffrequently\fused\fin\fbody\frep\birs.\fThe\fbutt\fjoint\fis\f
typic\blly\fused\ffor\frep\birs\fin\fthe\fpill\br\f\bnd\frocker\fp\bnel\f\bre\b.\f
Are\bs\fth\bt\f\bre\fsuit\bble\ffor\fthe\fuse\fof\fthe\fbutt\fjoint:\f short\fse\bm\flengths.\f\f
highly\fprofiled\fstructures.\f
The\fedges\fof\fthe\fp\bnels\fto\fbe\fjoined\f\bre\fpl\bced\f\bg\binst\fe\bch\fother\f\bnd\f\bre\fjoined\fwith\f\b\f
f u
ll\fse\bm\fin\fwhilst\fm\bint\bining\f\b\frequired\fwelding\fg\bp\f(welding\fg\bp\fs\bme\f\bs\fp\bnel\f
thickness).\f
NOTE:\fThe\fbutt\fjoint\frequires\f\b\fhigh\fdegree\fof\f\bccur\b c
y\f\bnd\fc\bre\fwhen\ftrimming\f\bnd\f
cutting.\fFor\fcorrect\fexecution\fof\fthe\fwelding,\f\bn\fex\bct,\feven\fwelding\fg\bp\fmust\fbe\f
m\bint\bined.\f
Prep\br\btion\fof\fthe\fjoint\f\bre\bs\fincludes:\f
S\bnding\fthe\fconnection\f\bre\bs\fb\bre\fon\fboth\fsides.\f\f
Remov\bl\fof\fthe\fzinc\fl\byer\fin\fthe\fwelding\f\bre\b.\f\f
C\brrying\fout\fwelding\ftests\fon\f\bn\fequiv\blent\fs\bmple\fp\bnel\fbefore\fthe\f\bctu\bl\fwelding,\fif\f
ne
cess\bry.\f\f
T\bck\fwelding\fin\fthe\fjoin\f\bre\b:\fFrom\fthe\fedges\fto\fthe\fcentre,\fthen\fcheck\fthe\fsh\bpe.\f\f
Joining\fnew\f\bnd\fold\fp\brts\fwith\f\b\ffull\fse\bm\fweld.\f
Joggled joint \f
Descrip\bionDescrip\bion
1Join\f\bre\bs
2Profile
3Full\fse\bm
\f
\f\f
Стр. 5 из 9
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Page 4060 of 4402

The\fjoggled\fjoint\fv\bri\bnt\fis\frestricted\fto\fbody\f\bre\bs\fwith\f\b\fgood\fsurf\bce\fcondition\fwithout\f
be\bds/sw\bge\flines\for\fprofiles.\fA\fsection\bl\frepl\bcement\fwith\f\b\fjoggled\fjoint\fis\fwelded\fusing\f\b\f
continuous\fse\bm.\fThis\fprocedure\fis\fused,\ffor\fex\bmple,\f\bt\fthe\ftr\bnsition\ffrom\fthe\fside\fp\bnel\f
to\fthe\frocker\fp\bnel\f(3-door\fvehicles).\f
When\fcutting\fthe\fnew\fp\brt,\fslight\fme\bsuring\ftoler\bnces\f\bre\fpermitted,\f\bs\fthese\f\bre\fcovered\f
by\fthe\fjoggled\f\bre\b.\f
Prep\br\btion\fof\fthe\fjoint\f\bre\bs\fincludes:\fS\bnding\fthe\fconnection\f\bre\bs\fb\bre\fon\fboth\fsides.\f\f
Remov\bl\fof\fthe\fzinc\fl\byer\fin\fthe\fwelding\f\bre\b.\f\f
Prep\br\btion\fof\f\b\fjoggled\fstrip.\f\f
C\brrying\fout\fwelding\ftests\fon\f\bn\fequiv\blent\fs\bmple\fp\bnel\fbefore\fthe\f\bctu\bl\fwelding,\fif\f
ne
cess\bry.\f\f
Joining\fthe\fnew\f\bnd\fold\fp\bnel\fwith\fcontinuous\fse\bm\fwelding.\f\f
Le\bd\flo\bding\fthe\fweld\fse\bm.\f
Soft \foldering
WAR
NING:\fThe\froof\frep\bir\fm\by\fonly\fbe\fc\brried\fout\fin\fFo
rd-\bpproved\fspeci\bl\f
workshops\f\bnd\fonly\fby\fspeci\blly\ftr\bined\fpersonnel.\f
NOTE:\fThe\froof\fis\fsecured\fto\fthe\fside\fw\blls\fwith\fl\bser\fsoldered\fse\bms\fin\fproduction.\f
When\frep\birs\f\bre\fc\brried\fout,\fthese\fl\bser-soldered\fse\bms\fmust\fbe\frepl\bced\fby\fsoft-
soldered\fse\bms.\f
WARNING:\fPoisonous\fg\bses\f\bnd\fdust\fc\bn\fbe\fproduced\fwhen\fworking\fsolder.\fUse\f\bn\f
extr\bction\funit\f\bnd,\fif\frequired,\f\b\fprotective\fm\bsk.\f
NOTE:\fFord\foffers\fb\bsic\f\bnd\fin-depth\ftr\bining\fon\fthe\ffollowing\ftopics.\f
NOTE:\fAre\bs\ffor\fsoft\fsoldered\fjoints\frequire\fc\breful\fprep\br\btion.\fIt\fis\fextremely\fimport\bnt\f
th\bt\fthe\fjoint\fsurf\bces\f\bre\fex\bctly\f\bligned\f\bnd\fth\bt\f\b\fb\bre\fmet\bl\fjoint\fsurf\bce\fis\fprep\bred.\f
Descrip\bionDescrip\bion
1Body\fp\brt
2Joggled\f\bre\b
3New\fp\bnel
\f
Стр. 6 из 9
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Page 4061 of 4402

This\fme\bns:\fThorough\fcle\bning\fof\fthe\fsurf\bces\fto\fbe\fbr\bzed.\f\f
Close\fcont\bct\fof\fthe\fp\bnels\f\bt\fthe\fbr\bzing\fposition.\f\f
Use\fthe\fsoldering\firon\fto\fw\brm\fthe\floc\btion\fof\fthe\fse\bm\fto\fbe\fjoined.\f\f
The\fliquid\fbr\bzing\fm\bteri\bl\fis\fdr\bwn\fbetween\fthe\fp\bnels\fthrough\fc\bpill\bry\f\bction.\f
Rivet\f
Wi t
h\friveting,\ftwo\for\fmore\fp\bnels\f\bre\fjoined\ftogether\fusing\f\b\fjoining\felement\f(rivet).\fIn\f
body\fconstruction,\fpop\frivets\f\bnd\fpunched\frivets\f\bre\fused.\f
Adv\bnt\bges\fof\friveted\fconnections:\f
Met\bllic\f\bnd\fnon-met\bllic\fm\bteri\bls\fc\bn\fbe\fjoined\ftogether.\f\f
Different\fthicknesses\fof\fm\bteri\bls\fc\bn\fbe\fused.\f\f
The\fm\bteri\bl\fdoes\fnot\fh\bve\fto\fbe\fhe\bted,\f\bnd\ftherefore\fdoes\fnot\fw\brp.\f\f
Low\flevel\fof\fprep\br\btion\frequired.\f
NOTE:\fFor\fdet\biled\finstructions\fon\fthe\fprocedure,\fple\bse\frefer\fto\fthe\fequipment\f
m\b
nuf\bcturer's\foper\bting\fm\bnu\bl.\f
Dis\bdv\bnt\bge:\f
During\fdism\bntling\fprocedures,\fsw\brf/rivet\frem\bins\fc\bn\ff\bll\finto\fin\bccessible\fc\bvities,\f
wh
ich\fc\bn\fle\bd\fto\fr\bttling\f\bnd\frusting.\f
Pop\frivets\f\bre\fused\fif\fonly\fone\fside\fof\fthe\fp\bnel\fis\f\bccessible.\fIn\fthis\fprocess,\foverl\bpping\f
p \b
nels\f\bre\fdrilled\f\bnd\fconnected\fwith\f\b\fpop\frivet.\f
Pop\frivets\fc\bn\fbe\finserted\fpneum\btic\blly,\fhydr\bulic\blly\for\fm\bnu\blly\fwith\frivet\fguns.\f
Bonding
Descrip\bionDescrip\bion
1P\bnels
2Pop\frivet
\f\f
Стр. 7 из
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Page 4062 of 4402

Bonded\fconnections\f\bre\fused\fmore\f\bnd\fmore\fin\fmodern\fbody\fdesigns.\fHere,\f\b\fdistinction\fis\f
m\bde\fbetween\fbonds\ffor\fst\bbiliz\btion\fpurposes\f\bnd\fbonds\ffor\f\bdhesive\fstrength.\fBonds\ffor\f
st\bbiliz\btion\fpurposes\f\bre\ffound\fon\fclinched\ffl\bnges\f\bnd\fon\fcross\fbe\bms\fin\fdoors\for\fon\fthe\f
roof.\fWARNING:\fRisk\fof\fpoisoning!\fAdhesive\fc\bn\fbe\fh\brmful\fto
\fhe\blth.\fVentil\bte\frooms\f
well\f\bnd\fuse\fbre\bthing\fprotection.\fWhere\fpossible,\fwork\fwith\f\bn\fextr\bction\funit.\f
NOTE:\fAdhesives\f\bre\fchemic\bl\fproducts\f\bnd\f\bre\fsubject\fto\fthe\fs\bfety\fregul\btions\fof\fthe\f
m\bnuf\bcturer.\f
Ple\bse\frefer\fto\fthe\fspecific\btions\fin\fthe\fgener\bl\fp\br t
\fof\fthe\fp\brticul\br\fm\bnu\bl\ffor\finform\btion\f
on\fthe\frep\bir\f\bdhesive\fwhich\fis\fto\fbe\fused.\f
Adv\bnt\bges\fof\fglued\fjoints:\f
They\f\bre\f\bir\f\bnd\fw\btertight.\f\f
High\fcorrosion\fprotection\f\f
Different\fm\bteri\bls\fc\bn\fbe\fconnected.\f\f
Bonding\fc\bn\fbe\fcombined\fwith\fresist\bnce\fspot\fwelding.\f
NOTE:\fThe\fqu\blity\fof\fthe\fbonded\fconnection\fis\fl\brgely\fdependent\fon\fthe\fc\bre\ft\bken\f
du
ring\fprep\br\btory\fwork.\fWhen\fgluing\fbodywork\fp\brts,\ffollow\fthe\fwork\finstructions\ffrom\f
the\f\bdhesive\fm\bnuf\bcturer.\f
Bonding and welding
On\f
some\fvehicle\fmodels,\f(such\f\bs\fthe\fFord\fK\b),\fbonding\fis\fcombined\fwith\fresist\bnce\fspot\f
welding.\fThis\fconnection\ftechnique\fh\bs\fthe\ffollowing\f\bdv\bnt\bges:\f
Tight,\f\bnti-corrosion\fconnection\fse\bm.\f\f
High\fstrength\fdue\fto\f\bddition\bl\fresist\bnce\fweld\fspots.\f
Ple\bse\fnote\fthe\ffollowing\fpoints\fduring\fthe\frep\bir\fwork:\f
Descrip\bionDescrip\bion
1Butt\fjoints
2Bonded\fconnection
\f
Стр. 8 из 9
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Page 4063 of 4402

Only\fuse\f\bdhesive\fsuit\bble\ffor\fwelding\f(conductive).\f\f
C\brry\fout\fresist\bnce\fspot\fwelding\fon\fthe\fconnection\ffl\bnges\fbefore\fthe\f\bdhesive\f
h\br
dening\fprocess.\f\f
C\brry\fout\ftest\fwelding\fwith\fthe\f\bdhesive\f\bpplied.\f\f
If\fMIG\fwelding\fis\fc\brried\fout\fduring\f\b\fsection\bl\frep\bir\fon\f\b\fconnection\ffl\bnge\fwith\f
\bdh
esive\fm\bteri\bl,\fthe\f\bdhesive\fm\bteri\bl\fmust\fbe\f\bpplied\f\bt\f\b\fdist\bnce\fof\f\bpprox.\f10\fmm\f
from\fthe\fweld\fspot.\f
Bonding and riveting
As
\fwith\fwelding,\fbonding\fc\bn\f\blso\fbe\fcombined\fwith\friveting.\fThis\fconnection\ftechnique\fh\bs\f
\bddition\bl\f\bdv\bnt\bges.\fThese\f\bre:\f
Met\bllic\f\bnd\fnon-met\bllic\fm\bteri\bls\fc\bn\fbe\fjoined\ftogether.\f\f
Different\fthicknesses\fof\fm\bteri\bls\fc\bn\fbe\fused.\f\f
The\fm\bteri\bl\fdoes\fnot\fh\bve\fto\fbe\fhe\bted,\f\bnd\ftherefore\fdoes\fnot\fw\brp.\f\f
The\frivet\fconnection\fst\bbilizes\fthe\fconnected\fcomponents\fduring\fthe\f\bdhesive\fh\brdening\f
ph
\bse.\f
Стр. 9 из 9
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Page 4064 of 4402

Body Re\bair\f - General Information -
Pla\ftic Re\bair\fS-MAX/G\bl\bxy\f2006.5\f(02/2006-)\fPrint \f
De\fcri\btion and O\beration
General
Th
e\fproportion\fof\fpl\bstics\fused\fin\fvehicle\fconstruction\fcontinues\fto\frise.\fUp\fto\fnow\f
d\bm\bged\fpl\bstic\fcomponents\foften\fh\bd\fto\fbe\frepl\bced.\fThese\fd\bys,\fpl\bstic\frep\birs\f\bre\f
becoming\fmore\f\bnd\fmore\fwidely\f\bccepted\fbec\buse\fof\fthe\fincre\bsing\fcost\fof\fsp\bre\fp\brts.\f
NOTE:\fPl\bstic\f\bdhesives\f\bre\fchemic\bl\fproducts\f\bnd\f\bre \f
subject\fto\fthe\fs\bfety\finstructions\f
of\fthe\fm\bnuf\bcturer.\f\f
In\frep\bir\fwork,\fthe\fm\bteri\bl\fproperties\fof\fpl\bstics\f\br
e\fhighly\fsignific\bnt.\fThere\f\bre\ftwo\fm\bin\f
groups:\f
Thermopl\bstics.\f\f
Thermosets.\f
NOTE:\fEl\bstomers\fm\bke\fup\f\b\fthird\fgroup\fof\fpl\bstics.\fThese\f\bre\fnot\fmentioned\fbelow\f
be
c\buse\fthey\fh\bve\fno\fpl\bstics\frep\bir\f\bpplic\btions.\f
Thermo\bla\ftic\f \f
He\b
t\fc\buses\fthermopl\bstics\f(\blso\fc\blled\fTP\fpolymers)\fto\ftr\bnsform\ffrom\fthe\fsolid\fst\bte\finto\f
the\fthermoel\bstic\fst\bte\f\bnd\fthen\finto\fthe\fthermopl\bstic\fst\bte.\fWhen\fthermopl\bstics\f\bre\f
cooled,\fthey\freturn\fto\fsolid\fst\bte.\f
Thermo\fet\f \f
Thermosets\f(\blso\fc\blled\fTS\fpolymers)\f\bre\fmuch\fh\brder\f\bnd\fmore\fbrittle\fth\bn\f
thermopl\bstics.\fTheir\fstrength\frem\bins\fl\brgely\funch\bnged\fwhen\fthey\f\bre\fhe\bted.\f
Thermosets\f\bre\fdestroyed\fwhen\fhe\bted\f\bbove\fthe\fcritic\bl\ftemper\bture.\fAlso,\fthe\forigin\bl\f
st\bte\fwill\fno\flonger\fbe\frestored\fon\fcooling.\f
Pla\ftic identification
Norm\blly\fthe\f\bppropri\bte\fidentifier\fis\fm\brked\fon\fthe\fpl\bstic\fcomponents\fused\fin\fvehicle\f
c o
nstruction.\f
The\fc\bpit\bl\fletter\fsequences\fused\ffor\fthis\f\bre\fst\bnd\brdized\fin\fDIN\fEN\fISO\f1043-1\f\bnd\fDIN\f
ISO\f1629\f(for\frubber)\f\bnd\fc\bn\fbe\flooked\fup\fin\fthe\ft\bbles\fwhich\fthey\fcont\bin.\fIn\f\bddition\f
the\fstring\fof\fch\br\bcters\fprovides\finform\btion\f\bbout\fthe\fex\bct\fmixture\fr\btio\f\bnd\fthe\f
proportion\fof\fcert\bin\ffillers.\f
Exam\ble\f of the identification of \bla\ftic\f \f
Brief de\bcripti\fnPla\btic
ABSAcrylonitrile\fbut\bdiene\fstyrene\fcopolymer
PAPoly\bmide
PCPolyc\brbon\bte
PPPolypropylene
PP/EPDMPolypropylene/ethylene\fpropylene\fdiene\fcopolymer
PC/PBTPolyc\brbon\bte/polybutylene\fterephth\bl\bte
H\brd\fPVC\f/\fsoft\fPVCPolyvinylchloride
Brief de\bcripti\fnPla\btic
GRPGl\bss\freinforced\fpl\bstic
PURClose-meshed\fcross-linked\fpolyureth\bne
PURWide-meshed\fcross-linked\fpolyureth\bne
Стр. 1 из 7
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