Page 2177 of 2572

A01037
- ENGINE MECHANICALENGINE (2AZ-FE)
14-3
2496 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
9. INSPECT COMPRESSION
(a) Warm up and stop the engine.
(b) Disconnect the injector connectors.
(c) Remove the ignition coils.
(d) Remove the spark plugs.
(e) Check the cylinder compression pressure.
(1) Insert a compression gauge into the spark plug
hole.
(2) Fully open the throttle.
(3) While cranking the engine, measure the compres-
sion pressure.
Compression pressure:
1,360 kPa (13.9 kgf/cm
2, 198 psi)
Minimum pressure: 0.98 MPa (10 kgf/cm
2, 142 psi)
Difference between each cylinder:
100 kPa (1.0 kgf/cm
2, 14 psi)
NOTICE:
Always use a fully charged battery to obtain engine
speed of 250 rpm or more.
Check other cylinder's compression pressure in the
same way.
This measurement must be done as quickly as pos-
sible.
(4) If the cylinder compression is low, pour a small
amount of engine oil into the cylinder through the
spark plug hole and inspect again.
HINT:
If adding oil increases the compression, the piston rings
and/or cylinder bore may be worn or damaged.
If pressure stays low, a valve may be stuck or seated im-
properly, or there may be leakage in the gasket.
10. INSPECT CO/HC
(a) Start the engine.
(b) Rev the engine at 2,500 rpm for approximately 180 seconds.
(c) Insert CO/HC meter testing probe at least 40 cm (1.3 ft) into the tailpipe during idling.
(d) Immediately check CO/HC concentration at idle and/or 2,500 rpm.
HINT:
Complete the measuring within 3 minutes.
Check regulations and restrictions in your area when performing 2 mode CO/HC concentration testing
(engine check at both idle speed and at 2,500 rpm).
(e) If the CO/HC concentration does not comply with regulations, troubleshoot in the order given below.
(1) Check A/F sensor operation (see page 12-3).
(2) See the table below for possible causes, and then inspect and repair.
Page 2178 of 2572
14-4
- ENGINE MECHANICALENGINE (2AZ-FE)
2497 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)CO
HCProblemsCauses
NormalHighRough idle
1. Faulty ignitions:
Incorrect timing
Fouled, shorted or improperly gapped plugs
2. Incorrect valve clearance
3. Leaky intake and exhaust valves
4. Leaky cylinders
LowHighRough idle
(fluctuating HC reading)
1. Vacuum leaks:
PCV hoses
Intake manifold
Throttle body
Brake booster line
2. Lean mixture causing misfire
HighHighRough idle
(black smoke from exhaust)
1. Restricted air filter
2. Plugged PCV valve
3. Faulty SFI system:
Faulty pressure regulator
Defective ECT
Defective MAF meter
Faulty ECM
Faulty injectors
Faulty throttle position sensor
Page 2179 of 2572

'05 HIGHLANDER_U (L/O 0409)
ii
2005 HIGHLANDER from Nov. '04 Prod. (OM48570U)
Important information about this manual
Safety and vehicle damage warnings
Throughout this manual, you will see safety and vehicle dam-
age warnings. You must follow these warnings carefully to
avoid possible injury or damage.
The types of warnings, what they look like, and how they are
used in this manual are explained as follows:
CAUTION
This is a warning against anything which may cause
injury to people if the warning is ignored. You are
informed about what you must or must not do in
order to reduce the risk of injury to yourself and
others.
NOTICE
This is a warning against anything which may cause
damage to the vehicle or its equipment if the warning
is ignored. You are informed about what you must or
must not do in order to avoid or reduce the risk of
damage to your vehicle and its equipment.
Safety symbol
When you see the safety symbol
shown above, it means: Do not...º;
Do not do thisº; or Do not let this
happenº.
Page 2180 of 2572

'05 HIGHLANDER_U (L/O 0409)
iii
2005 HIGHLANDER from Nov. '04 Prod. (OM48570U)
Important information about your Toyota
Occupant restraint systems
Toyota encourages you and your family to take the time to
read Section 1- 3 of this Owner 's Manual carefully. In
terms of helping you understand how you can receive the
maximum benefit of the occupant restraint systems this
vehicle provides, Section 1- 3 of this Owner 's Manual is
the most important Section for you and your family to
read.
Section 1- 3 describes the function and operation concern-
ing seats, seat belts, SRS airbags and child restraint sys-
tems of this vehicle and some potential hazards you
should be aware of. These systems work together along
with the overall structure of this vehicle in order to provide
occupant restraint in the event of a crash. The effect of
each system can be enhanced when it is used properly
and together with other systems. No single occupant re-
straint system can, by itself, provide you or your family
with the equal level of restraint which these systems can
provide when used together. That is why it is important for
you and your family to understand the purpose and proper
use of each of these systems and how they relate to each
other.
The purpose of all occupant restraint systems is to help
reduce the possibility of death or serious injury in the
event of a collision. None of these systems, either individ-
ually or together, can ensure that there is no injury in the
event of collision. However, the more you know about
these systems and how to use them properly, the greater
your chances become of surviving an accident without
death or serious injury.
Seat belts provide the primary restraint to all occupants of
the vehicle, and every occupant of the vehicle should wear
seat belts properly at all times. Children should always be
secured in child restraint systems that are appropriate for
their age and size. SRS (Supplemental Restraint System)
airbags are, as their names imply, designed to work with,
and be supplemental to, seat belts and are not substitutes
for them. SRS airbags can be very effective in reducing
the risk of head and chest injuries by preventing contact of
the head and chest with interior portions of the vehicle.
Page 2181 of 2572

'05 HIGHLANDER_U (L/O 0409)
iv
2005 HIGHLANDER from Nov. '04 Prod. (OM48570U)
In order to be effective, the SRS airbags must deploy with
tremendous speed. The rapid deployment of the SRS air-
bags makes the SRS airbags themselves potential sources
of serious injury if an occupant is too close to an airbag,
or if an object or some part of his or her body has been
placed between the occupant and the airbag at the time of
deployment. This is just one example of how the instruc-
tions in Section 1- 3 of this Owner 's Manual will help en-
sure proper use of the occupant restraint systems, and
increase the safety they can provide to you and your fami-
ly in the event of an accident.
Toyota recommends you to read the provisions in Section
1- 3 carefully and refer to them as needed during your time
of ownership of this vehicle.Event data recorder
Your vehicle has computers that monitor and control cer-
tain aspects of your vehicle. These computers assist in
driving and maintaining optimal vehicle performance. Be-
sides storing data useful for troubleshooting, there is a
system to record data in a crash or a near car crash
event. This is called an Event Data Recorder (EDR).
The SRS airbag sensor assembly contains the EDR. In a
crash or a near car crash event, this device records some
or all of the following information:
Engine speed
Whether the brake pedal was applied or not
Vehicle speed
To what extent the accelerator pedal was depressed
Position of the transmission selector lever
Whether the driver and front passenger wore the seat
belts or not
Driver 's seat position
Front passenger 's occupant classification
Page 2182 of 2572

'05 HIGHLANDER_U (L/O 0409)
v
2005 HIGHLANDER from Nov. '04 Prod. (OM48570U)
SRS airbag deployment data
SRS airbag system diagnostic data
The information above is intended to be used for the
purpose of improving vehicle safety performance. Unlike
general data recorders, the EDR does not record sound
data such as conversation between passengers.
Toyota will not disclose the data recorded in an EDR to a
third party except when:
An agreement from the vehicle's owner (or the leas-
ing company for a leased vehicle) is obtained
Officially requested by the police or other authorities
Used as a defense for Toyota in a law suit
Ordered by the courtHowever, if necessary Toyota will:
Use the data for research on Toyota vehicle safety
performance
Disclose the data to a third party for research pur-
poses without disclosing details of the vehicle owner,
and only when it is deemed necessary
Disclose summarized data cleared of vehicle identifi-
cation information to a non- Toyota organization for
research purposes
New vehicle warranty
Your new vehicle is covered by the following Toyota limited
warranties:
New vehicle warranty
Emission control systems warranty
Others
For further information, please refer to the Owner's
Warranty Information Bookletº or Owner 's Manual
Supplementº.
Page 2183 of 2572

'05 HIGHLANDER_U (L/O 0409)
vi
2005 HIGHLANDER from Nov. '04 Prod. (OM48570U)
Your responsibility for
maintenance
It is the owner 's responsibility to make sure that the
specified maintenance is performed. Section 6 gives
details of these maintenance requirements. Also included
in Section 6 is general maintenance. For scheduled
maintenance information, please refer to the Scheduled
Maintenance Guideº or Owner 's Manual Supplementº.
Important health and safety
information about your Toyota
CAUTION
WARNING: Engine exhaust, some of its constitu-
ents, and a wide variety of automobile compo-
nents contain or emit chemicals known to the
State of California to cause cancer and birth de-
fects and other reproductive harm. In addition,
oils, fuels and fluids contained in vehicles as
well as waste produced by component wear con-
tain or emit chemicals known to the State of
California to cause cancer and birth defects or
other reproductive harm.
Battery posts, terminals and related accessories
contain lead and lead compounds. Wash your
hands after handling. Used engine oil contains
chemicals that have caused cancer in laboratory
animals. Always protect your skin by washing
thoroughly with soap and water.
Page 2184 of 2572

'05 HIGHLANDER_U (L/O 0409)
vii
2005 HIGHLANDER from Nov. '04 Prod. (OM48570U)
Accessories, spare parts and
modification of your Toyota
A wide variety of non- genuine spare parts and accessories
for Toyota vehicles are currently available in the market.
You should know that Toyota does not warrant these prod-
ucts and is not responsible for their performance, repair, or
replacement, or for any damage they may cause to, or
adverse effect they may have on, your Toyota vehicle.
This vehicle should not be modified with non- genuine
Toyota products. Modification with non- genuine Toyota
products could affect its performance, safety or durability,
and may even violate governmental regulations. In addi-
tion, damage or performance problems resulting from the
modification may not be covered under warranty.
Spark ignition system of your
To y o t a
The spark ignition system in your Toyota meets all require-
ments of the Canadian Interference- Causing Equipment
Standard.
Installation of a mobile
two- way radio system
As the installation of a mobile two- way radio system in
your vehicle could affect electronic systems such as multi-
port fuel injection system/sequential multiport fuel injection
system, electronic throttle control system, cruise control
system, anti- lock brake system, traction control system,
vehicle stability control system, SRS airbag system and
seat belt pretensioner system, be sure to check with your
Toyota dealer for precautionary measures or special in-
structions regarding installation.