Page 1985 of 2493

Refrigeration System
REFRIGERATION CYCLENJHA0121Refrigerant FlowNJHA0121S01The refrigerant flows in the standard pattern, that is, through the compressor, the condenser, the liquid tank,
through the evaporator, and back to the compressor. The refrigerant evaporation through the evaporator coil
is controlled by an externally equalized expansion valve, located inside the heater & cooling unit.
Freeze ProtectionNJHA0121S02The compressor cycles go on and off to maintain the evaporator temperature within a specified range. When
the evaporator coil temperature falls below a specified point, the thermo control amplifier interrupts the com-
pressor operation. When the evaporator coil temperature rises above the specification, the thermo control
amplifier allows compressor operation.
Refrigerant System ProtectionNJHA0121S03Refrigerant Pressure SensorNJHA0121S0303The refrigerant system is protected against excessively high or low pressures by the refrigerant pressure
sensor, located on the liquid tank. If the system pressure rises above, or falls below the specifications, the
refrigerant pressure sensor detects the pressure inside the refrigerant line and sends the voltage signal to the
ECM. ECM makes the A/C relay go OFF and stops the compressor when pressure on the high pressure side
detected by refrigerant pressure sensor is over about 2,746 kPa (27.5 bar, 28 kg/cm
2, 398 psi) or below about
137 kPa (1.37 bar, 1.4 kg/cm2, 20 psi).
Dual-pressure Switch
NJHA0121S0304The refrigerant system is protected against excessively high or low pressures by the dual-pressure switch,
located on the liquid tank. If the pressure falls out of specifications, the switch opens to interrupt compressor
operation.
Pressure Relief Valve
NJHA0121S0302The refrigerant system is also protected by a pressure relief valve, located in the rear head of the compres-
sor. When the pressure of refrigerant in the system increases to an abnormal level [more than 3,727 kPa (37.3
bar, 38 kg/cm
2, 540 psi)], the release port on the pressure relief valve automatically opens and releases
refrigerant into the atmosphere.
RHA682H
DESCRIPTION
Refrigeration System
HA-13
Page 1986 of 2493

CSV613 Variable Displacement Compressor
GENERAL INFORMATIONNJHA02061. The CSV613 compressor differs from previous units. The vent temperatures of the CSV613 compressor
do not drop too far below 5ÉC (41ÉF) when:
+evaporator intake air temperature is less than 20ÉC (68ÉF)
+engine is running at speeds less than 1,500 rpm.
This is because the CSV613 compressor provides a means of ªcapacityº control.
2. The CSV613 compressor provides refrigerant control under varying conditions. During cold winters, it may
not produce high refrigerant pressure discharge (compared to previous units) when used with air condi-
tioning systems.
3. A ªclankingº sound may occasionally be heard during refrigerant charge. The sound indicates that the tilt
angle of the swash plate has changed and is not a problem.
4. For air conditioning systems with the CSV613 compressor, the clutch remains engaged unless: the sys-
tem main switch, fan switch or ignition switch is turned OFF. When ambient (outside) temperatures are
low or when the amount of refrigerant is insufficient, the clutch is disengaged to protect the compressor.
5. A constant range of suction pressure is maintained when engine speed is greater than a certain value. It
normally ranges from 147 to 177 kPa (1.47 to 1.77 bar, 1.5 to 1.8 kg/cm
2, 21 to 26 psi) under varying con-
ditions.
In previous compressors, however, suction pressure was reduced with increases in engine speed.
DESCRIPTION
CSV613 Variable Displacement Compressor
HA-14
Page 1987 of 2493
DESCRIPTION=NJHA0207GeneralNJHA0207S01The variable compressor is basically a swash plate type that changes piston stroke in response to the required
cooling capacity.
The tilt of the swash plate allows the piston's stroke to change so that refrigerant discharge can be continu-
ously changed from 6.0 to 125 cm
3(0.366 to 7.628 cu in).
RHA854HA
DESCRIPTION
CSV613 Variable Displacement Compressor (Cont'd)
HA-15
Page 1988 of 2493

Operation=NJHA0207S021. Operation Control ValveNJHA0207S0201Operation control valve is located in the suction port (low-pressure) side, and opens or closes in response to
changes in refrigerant suction pressure.
Operation of the valve controls the internal pressure of the crankcase.
The angle of the swash plate is controlled between the crankcase's internal pressure and the piston cylinder
pressure.
2. Maximum Cooling
NJHA0207S0202Refrigerant pressure on the low-pressure side increases with an increase in heat loads.
When this occurs, the control valve's bellows compress to open the low-pressure side valve and close the
high-pressure side valve.
This causes the following pressure changes:
+the crankcase's internal pressure to equal the pressure on the low-pressure side;
+the cylinder's internal pressure to be greater than the crankcase's internal pressure.
Under this condition, the swash plate is set to the maximum stroke position.
RHA473C
DESCRIPTION
CSV613 Variable Displacement Compressor (Cont'd)
HA-16
Page 1989 of 2493

3. Capacity Control=NJHA0207S0203+Refrigerant pressure on suction side is low during high speed driving or when ambient or interior tempera-
ture is low.
+The bellows expands when refrigerant pressure on the suction pressure side drops below approximately
177 kPa (1.77 bar, 1.8 kg/cm
2, 26 psi).
Since suction pressure is low, it makes the suction port close and the discharge port open. Thus, crank-
case pressure becomes high as high pressure enters the crankcase.
+The force acts around the journal pin near the swash plate, and is generated by the pressure difference
before and behind the piston.
The drive lug and journal pin are located where the piston generates the highest pressure. Piston pres-
sure is between suction pressure Ps and discharge pressure Pd, which is near suction pressure Ps. If
crankcase pressure Pc rises due to capacity control, the force around the journal pin makes the swash
plate angle decrease and also the piston stroke decrease. In other words, crankcase pressure increase
triggers pressure difference between the piston and the crankcase. The pressure difference changes the
angle of the swash plate.
RHA474C
DESCRIPTION
CSV613 Variable Displacement Compressor (Cont'd)
HA-17
Page 1990 of 2493
Component LayoutNJHA0122
RHA589H
DESCRIPTION
Component Layout
HA-18
Page 1991 of 2493
Control OperationNJHA0123
NHA370
FAN CONTROL SWITCHNJHA0123S01This switch turns the fan ON and OFF, and controls fan speed.
MODE CONTROL KNOBNJHA0123S02This knob controls the outlet air flow.
TEMPERATURE CONTROL KNOBNJHA0123S03This knob allows you to adjust the temperature of the discharge air.
REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER SWITCHNJHA0123S07When illumination is ON, rear window is defogged.
AIR CONDITIONER (A/C) SWITCHNJHA0123S05The air conditioner switch controls the A/C system. When the switch is depressed with the fan ON, the com-
pressor will turn ON. The indicator lamp will also light.
The air conditioner cooling function operates only when the engine is running.
RECIRCULATION (REC) SWITCHNJHA0123S08Recirculation (REC) position: Interior air is recirculated inside the vehicle. (The indicator lamp will light.)
Fresh (FRE) position: Outlet air is drawn into the passenger compartment. (The indicator lamp will not light.)
DESCRIPTION
Control Operation
HA-19
Page 1992 of 2493
Discharge Air FlowNJHA0124
RHA748H
DESCRIPTION
Discharge Air Flow
HA-20