1995 NISSAN ALMERA N15 Service Manual

PRELIMINARY CHECK4
Insufficient heating TROUBLE
DIAGNOSES
Preliminary Check(Cont'd)

DOES AIRFLOW FROM FOOTAREA?
Condition:
• Vehicle atoperating temperature .
• Ignition switchandfancontrol knobareON.
• Mode control knobisin FOOT modeandtem-
perature controlknobisinfull hotposition.
Check thefollowing:
• Engine coolant level(Refer toMA section)
• Hoses forleaks orkinks
• Radiator cap(Refer toLC section)
• Air incooling system.
CHECK WATER COCKOPERATION.
Warm upengine before
checking.

Refer toHA-64.

OK

CHECK TEMPERATURE CONTROLCABLE.
Refer toControl Linkage Adjustment. (HA-64)
VISUALLY INSPECTAIRMIX DOOR.
Access byremoving instrument panel.

OK

Check byfeel theheater inletandoutlet hoses.
No
NG
NG
NG
NG
CHECK
BLOWER MOTOR
OPERATION.
Perform
Diagnostic Proce-
dure 1.
(Refer toHA-50.)
Repair/replace asneces-
sary .
Adjust orreplace water
cock.
Adjust temperature control
cable.
Replace airmix door.
Hot inlet
Warm outlet
Check thermostat installa-
tion.

OK
Both
hoses
warm
Check heater hosesforproper
installation.

OK

•

Back
flush heater core,drain andrefill cool-
ant. Retest.
Replace
thermostat. Refer
to LC section
("Thermostat", "ENGINE
COOLING SYSTEM"). Hot
inlet
Warm outlet
System OK

HA-23
Both
hoses
warm
Replace heater
core.

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES
Performance TestDiagnoses
INSUFFICIENT COOLING
INSUFFICIENT COOLING
CHECK AIRFLOW.
OK CHECK
BLOWER MOTOROPERATION.
OK
CHECK COMPRESSOR OPERATION.
OK Clogged
blowerinlet!
Clogged duct/Loose duct
connection/Air leakage,etc.
@

(Go to
next
page.)


(Go to
next page.)
OK CHECK HIGHANDLOW SIDE PRESSURE. USE
PERFORMANCE CHART.(RefertoHA-26.)

NG

RECOVER REFRIGERANT USINGRECOVERY
RECYCLING EQUIPMENT ANDCHARGE SPECI-
FIED AMOUNT OFREFRIGERANT.
CHECK HIGHANDLOW SIDE PRESSURE. USE
PERFORMANCE CHART.(RefertoHA-26.)
OK
CHECK DISCHARGE AIRTEMPERATURE. USE
PERFORMANCE CHART.(RefertoHA-26.)
NG
Malfunctioning temperaturecontroloperation
(air mix door position improperly adjusted)/
Malfunctioning watercockoperation (incorrect
valve closure)
Note:
Fa-Ii
correspond tothose inTROUBLE DIAGNOSES FOR
ABNORMAL PRESSURE.
(Refer toHA-27.)
HA-24NG
Note
BOTH HIGHANDLOW
m

PRESSURE SIDESARE
TOO HIGH.
HIGH PRESSURE SIDEIS

(;]

TOO HIGH ANDLOW
PRESSURE SIDEISTOO
LOW.
HIGH PRESSURE SIDEIS
TOO LOW ANDLOW
PRESSURE SIDEISTOO
HIGH.
BOTH HIGHANDLOW

Ii]

PRESSURE SIDESARE
TOO LOW.
LOW PRESSURE SIDE
SOMETIMES BECOMES
NEGATIVE.
LOW PRESSURE SIDE

Ii

BECOMES NEGATIVE.

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES
Performance TestDiagnoses (Cont'd)
@

Malfunctioning blowermotorfan
Loose fan!lmproper contactoffan
and case!Deformed fan Malfunctioning
electricalcircuit
Discontinued wiringorcomponent
circuits orpoor connection!
Malfunctioning resistor,amplifier,
etc.! Burned outfuse orlow bat-
tery voltage Malfunctioning
blowermotor
internal circuit
Magnet clutchdoesnotengage.
CHECK MAGNET CLUTCH
(coil circuit, disc-to-pulley clear-
ance). Magnet
clutchslipping
Beltslipping
CHECK COMPRESSOR BELTAND
BELT TENSION.
CHECK ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
(wiring, components circuit).
CHECK ACTIVATION OFSAFETY!
PROTECTION DEVICES(suchas
pressure switch,etc.). Malfunctioning
internalpartsof
clutch, compressor
Foreign particles onclutch fric-
tional surface orexcessive disc
clearance
Malfunctioning electricalcircuit
(poor connection, lowbattery
voltage, etc.)

HA-25
•

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES
Performance Chart
TEST CONDITION

Testing mustbeperformed asfollows:
Vehicle location: Indoorsorinthe shade (inawell-venti-
lated place)
Doors: Closed
Door window: Open
Hood: Open
TEMP.: Max.COLD
Discharge Air:Face Vent
REC switch: (Recirculation) set
FAN speed: Highspeed
Engine speed:Idlespeed
Operate theairconditioning systemfor10minutes before
taking measurements.

TEST READING
Recirculating-to-discharge airtemperature table

Inside air(Recirculating air)
at blower assembly inlet
Dischargeairtemperature atcenter ventilator
Relative humidity
Airtemperature .C
('F)

%
.C
('F)

25 (77) 11.4
-13.6 (53-56)
30 (86) 15.7-18.3 (60-65)
50 -60
35(95) 20.5-23.8 (69-75)
40 (104) 26.0-30.8 (79-87)
25 (77) 13.6-16.0 (56-61)
30 (86) 18.3-21.1 (65-70)
60 -70
35(95) 23.8-27.4 (75-81)
40 (104) 30.8-36.0 (87-97)
Ambient airtemperature-to-operating pressuretable

Ambient air
High-pressure(Dischargeside) Low-pressure
(Suctionside)
Relative humidity Airtemperature
kPa(bar,
kg/cm
2,
psi) kPa
(bar,
kg/cm
2,
psi)

%
.C
('F)

.

25 (77) 892
-1,138
118-226 (1.18 -2.26,1.2 -2.3,17 -33)
(8.92 -11.38, 9.1-11.6,129 -165)
30 (86) 1,108
-1,393
137-265 (1.37 -2.65,1.4 -2.7,20 -38)
(11.08 -13.93, 11.3-14.2, 161-202)
50 -70
35(95) 1,344
-1,677
177-314 (1.77 -3.14,1.8 -3.2, 26-46)
(1344 -16.77,13.7 -17.1, 195-243)
40 (104) 1,589
-1,971
226-373 (2.26 -3.73, 2.3-3.8, 33-54)
(15.89 -19.71,16.2 -20.1, 230-286)
HA-26

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES
Trouble Diagnoses forAbnormal Pressure

Whenever system'shighand/or lowside pressure isabnormal, diagnoseusingamanifold gauge.The
marker abovethegauge scale
in
the following tablesindicates thestandard (normal)pressure range.
Since thestandard (normal)pressure, however,differsfromvehicle tovehicle, refertoHA-26 ("Ambi-
ent airtemperature-to-operating pressuretable").

Gauge indication
Both highandlow-pressure
sides aretoohigh.

m
Refrigerant
cycle
• Pressure isreduced soon
after water issplashed on
condenser. Probable
cause
Excessive refrigerant charge
in refrigeration cycle Corrective
action
Reduce refrigerant untilspec-
ified pressure isobtained.

•

Check
andrepair each
engine cooling system.
Replace expansion valve.
Evacuate
repeatedly and
recharge system.
Insufficient
condensercooling•Clean condenser.
performance •Check andrepair cooling

!
fanasnecessary.

CD
Condenser finsare
clogged.

@
Improper fanrotation of
cooling fan
Poor heatexchange incon-
denser (After compressor operation
stops, highpressure
decreases tooslowly.)

1

Air inrefrigeration cycle
Engine cooling systems mal-
function. • Excessive liquidrefrigerant
on low-pressure side
• Excessive refrigerant dis-
charge flow
• Expansion valveisopen a
little compared withthe
specification.

1

CD
Improper thermalvalve
installation

@
Improper expansion valve
adjustment
Air
suction bycooling fanis
insufficient.
• An area ofthe low-pres-
sure pipeiscolder than
areas neartheevaporator
outlet.
• Plates aresometimes cov-
ered withfrost.
•
Low-pressure pipeisnot
cold.
• When compressor is
stopped high-pressure
value quickly dropsby
approximately 196kPa (2.0
bar, 2
kg/cm
2,
28psi). It
then decreases gradually
thereafter.
Engine tendstooverheat.

AC359A
HA-27

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES
Trouble Diagnoses forAbnormal Pressure
(Cont'd)

Compressorpressureopera-Replacecompressor.
tion isimproper.

1

Damaged insidecompressor
packings
Gauge
indication
High-pressure sideistoo
high andlow-pressure sideis
too low.

AC360A

High-pressure sideistoo low
and low-pressure sideistoo
high.
[;J
AC356A

80th high- andlow-pressure
sides aretoolow.

I!]

AC353A
Refrigerant
cycle
Upper sideofcondenser and
high-pressure sidearehot,
however, liquidtankisnot so

hot.

High andlow-pressure sides
become equalsoonafter
compressor operationstops.
No temperature difference
between highandlow-pres-
sure sides
• There isabig temperature
difference betweenliquid
tank outlet andinlel. Outlet
temperature isextremely
low .
• Liquid tankinletandexpan-
sion valve arefrosted.
• Temperature ofexpansion
valve inletisextremely low
as compared withareas
near liquid tank.
• Expansion valveinletmay
be frosted .
• Temperature difference
occurs somewhere inhigh-
pressure side Probable
cause
High-pressure tubeorparts
located between compressor
and condenser areclogged
or crushed.
Compressor pressureopera-
tion isimproper.

1

Damaged insidecompressor
packings
Liquid tankinside isclogged
a lillie.
High-pressure pipelocated
between liquidtankand
expansion valveisclogged. Corrective
action
• Check andrepair or
replace malfunctioning
parts .
• Check lubricant forcontam-
ination.
Replace compressor.
• Replace liquidtank.
• Check lubricant forcontam-
ination.
• Check andrepair malfunc-
tioning parts.
• Check lubricant forcontam-
ination.

HA-28

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES
Trouble Diagnoses forAbnormal Pressure
(Cont'd)

Correctiveaction
• Remove foreignparticles
by using compressed air.
• Check lubricant forcontam-
ination.
• Check andrepair malfunc-
tioning parts.
• Check lubricant forcontam-
ination.
Replace compressor.
• Drain water fromrefriger-
ant orreplace refrigerant.
• Replace liqUidtank.
Expansion
valvecloses alit-
tle compared withthespecifi-
cation.

1

Water ismixed withrefriger-
ant. Probable
cause

1

CD
Improper expansion valve
adjustment

@
Malfunctioning thermal
valve

@
Outlet andinlet maybe
clogged.
Low-pressure pipeisclogged
or crushed.
Compressor pressureopera-
tion isimproper.

1

Damaged insidecompressor
packings Refrigerant doesnotdis-
charge cyclically.

1

Moisture isfrozen atexpan-
sion valve outlet andinlet.
Refrigerant
cycle
There isabig temperature
difference betweenexpansion
valve inletandoutlet while
the valve itselfisfrosted.
An area ofthe low-pressure
pipe iscolder thanpreas
near theevaporator outlet.
• Air conditioning system
does notfunction anddoes
not cyclically coolthecom-
partment air.
• The system constantly func-
tions foracertain periodof
time after compressor is
stopped andrestarted.
Air
flow volume isnot

AC353A
enough oristoo low.
@ Gauge
indication
Both high- andlow-pressure
sides aretoolow.

l!]

Low-pressure sidesome-
times becomes negative.

Ii

AC354A
•

HA-29

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES
Trouble Diagnoses forAbnormal Pressure
(Conl'd)

Gauge indication
Low-pressure sidebecomes
negative.

Ii

AC362A
Refrigerant
cycle
liquid tankorfront/rear side
of expansion valve'spipeis
frosted ordewed. Probable
cause
High-pressure sideisclosed
and refrigerant doesnotflow.

L

Expansion valveorliquid
tank isfrosted. Corrective
action
Leave thesystem atrest until
no frost ispresent. Startit
again tocheck whether or
not theproblem iscaused by
water orforeign particles .
• Ifwater isthe cause, ini-
tially cooling isokay. Then
the water freezes, causing
a blockage. Drainwater
from refrigerant orreplace
refrigerant.
• Ifdue toforeign particles,
remove expansion valve
and remove theparticles
with dryand compressed
air (not shop air).
• Ifeither ofthe above meth-
ods cannot correct the
problem, replaceexpansion
valve .
• Replace liquidtank.
• Check lubricant forcontam-
ination.

HA-30