1995 NISSAN ALMERA N15 Service Manual

Example(SWITCHCHART)
WIPER SWITCH HOW
TOREAD WIRING DIAGRAMS
Description (Cont'd)
MULTIPLE SWITCH

The continuity ofmultiple switchisdescribed intwo ways as
shown below.
• The switch chartisused inschematic diagrams.
• The switch diagram isused inwiring diagrams.

WIPERSWITCH
f' f

80th switches areturned in
combination.
Continuity circuitofwiper switch
•

SWITCH POSITION
CONTINUITYCIRCUIT
OFF
3-4

INT
3-4,5-6

LO
3-6

HI
2-6

WASH
1-6

SGI875
GI-15

HOWTOREAD WIRING DIAGRAMS
Description (Cont'd)

FOLDOUT PAGE

The foldout pageshould beopened whenreading wiringdiagram.

Super multiple junction (SMJ)

In wiring diagram, connectors consistingofterminals havingterminal numbers withanalphabet (81,
DO, etc.) areSMJ connectors.
If connector numbersareshown inReference Area,these connector symbolsarenotshown inConnec-
tor Area. Forterminal arrangement ofthese connectors, refertothe foldout pageatthe end ofthis
manual.

Joint connector

Joint connector symbolsareshown inConnector Areainthe wiring diagram concerned. Foldoutpage
also carries
insidewiring
layouttogether withsuch jointconnector symbols.

Example SuperMultiple Junction
(SMJ)
L----S

I
(Main
I

R harness)

@
BR

1~~_~_5 __
1~1

....... @ID .......

L (Engine BR

I
room
I

harness) AlB1Cl
01ElFIGl
A2B2 C202 E2F2G2
A3B3C3 E3F3G3
A4B4
@]
F4G4
5 B5 F55
A6B6
0
F6G6
A7B7 F77
A8B8C8 E8F8G8

09

A989C9 E9F9G9
AO BOCO DO EOFOGO Gl
FlEl 01ClBlAl
2F2E202C2B2A2
G3 F3E3 C3B3 A3
G4F4
C
B4A4
G5 F5 B5A5
G6 F6 86A6
G7F7 B7A7
G8F8 E8 C888A8

09

G9 F9E9 C989A9
GO FOEO 0 COBO AO

r-
BR
(Mainharness) (Engine
roomharness) BR----{

rDI.TI:IImP
[ill![ill]
@g)
JOINT
CONNECTOR
Terminal Arrangement

*
r::t::rrm::m:J

'M'i'

[ill]II!J ~

*

~

rll"
!! !
I
!
I II
!I
I
'J ~

~lllll!I!!lIllbV ~

SUPER
MULTIPLE UNCTION(SMJ)

Terminal Arangement
*
@)

~=fH+H=1
[II

STARTING
SYSTEM
G
SYSTEM
Diagram
~r-

[Jcheck

CJ

OCh~'

o
[J

STARTI
Wirin

@(3)

'tffB'
@)
Qfu@

@)

@

"-)-~
y

Connector Area
ReferenceArea:
Refer tothe foldout pageforthe terminal arrangement
of the connectors shownhereinthe "Reference Area".

SG1859-A

GI-16

HOWTOREAD WIRING DIAGRAMS
Wiring Diagram Codes(CellCodes)

Use thechart below to'find outwhat each wiring diagram code•
stands for,

Code Section WiringDiagram Name
AACIV ECIACV-AAC
Valve
ABS BR
Anti-lock BrakeSystem
A/C HAManualAirConditioner
A/CCUT ECAir
Conditioner CutControl
A/T ATAutomatic Transmission
AIM ELHeadlamp System
AIRREG ECIACV-Air Regulator
AT/C ECA/TControl
AUDIO ELAudio
BACK/L ELBack-up Lamp
CHARGE ELCharging System
CHIME ELWarning Chime
CMPS EC
Camshaft PositionSensor
COOllF ECCooling
FanControl
DEF ELRearWindow Defogger
D/LOCK ELPowerDoorLock
DTRL ELHeadlamp
-With Daytime Light
System
ECTS ECEngine
Coolant Temperature
Sensor
EGR andcanister ControlSolenoid
EGRCIV EC
Valve
FCUT ECFuel
CutSolenoid Valve
F/FOG ELFront
FogLamp
FICO ECIACV-FICD
SolenoidValve
F/PUMP ECFuel
Pump
GLOW ECQuick-glow
system
H/LAMP ELHeadlamp
-Without Daytime
Light System
H/SEAT ELHeated
Seat
HEAT HA
Heater
HLC ELHeadlamp
Washer
H02S ECHeated
Oxygen Sensor
HORN ELHorn,
Cigarette Lighter,Clock
IATS ECIntake
AirTemperature Sensor
IGN/SG ECIgnition
Signal
ILL ELIllumination
INJECT ECInjector
INT/L ELInterior,
SpotandTrunk Room
Lamps Code
Section WiringDiagram Name
KS ECKnock
Sensor
LKUP ECTorque
Converter ClutchSolenoid
Valve
LOAD ECLoadSignal
MAFS ECMass
AirFlow Sensor
MAIN ECMain
Power Supply andGround
Circuit
METER ELSpeedometer,
Tachometer,Temp.
and Fuel Gauges
MIL ECMIL,
Data LinkConnector For
CONSULT
MIRROR ELDOOR
MIRROR
NATS ELNISSAN
ANTI-THEFT SYSTEM
02S ECOXYGEN
SENSOR
EC EVAP
CANISTER PURGECON-
PGCIV TROLSOLENOID VALVE
PLA ECPARTIAL
LOADADVANCE CON-
TROL
EC PARK/NEUTRAL
POSITION
PNP/SW SWITCH
POWER ELPOWER
SUPPLY ROUTING
POWER STEERING OILPRESSURE
PST/SW EC
SWITCH
R/FOG ELREAR
FOGLAMP
SROOF ELSUN
ROOF
SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINTSYS-
SRS RS
TEM
S/SIG ECST
ART SIGNAL
START ELSTARTING
SYSTEM
STOP/L ELSTOP
LAMP
TAllIL ELCLEARANCE,
LICENSE,ANDTAIL
LAMPS
TPS ECTHROTTLE
POSITIONSENSOR
TURN SIGNAL ANDHAZARD
TURN EL
WARNING LAMPS
VSS ECVEHICLE
SPEEDSENSOR
VTC ECVTC
SOLENOID VALVE
WARN ELWARNING
LAMPS
WINDOW ELPOWER
WINDOW
WIPER ELFRONT
WIPERANDWASHER
WIP/R ELREAR
WIPER ANDWASHER
GI-17

HOWTOPERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSIS FORANELECTRICAL INCIDENT
Work Flow
- - - -- - -- ------ -- - -- STEP 1
--------------------- STEP2
----------------------- STEP3
- - -- ---- - --- - -- --- --- - - --- -- STEP 4
--------- -------------------- STEP5
- - - - ---- -- -- -- -- -- --- --- STEP 6
SGI838

STEP
STEP 1 DESCRIPTION
Get detailed information abouttheconditions andtheenvironment whentheincident occurred.
The following arekey pieces ofinformation requiredtomake agood analysis:

HOW

WHEN
WHAT
WHERE
Vehicle
Model,Engine, Transmission andtheSystem (i.e.Radio).
Date, TimeofDay, Weather Conditions, Frequency.
Road Conditions, AltitudeandTraffic Situation.
System Symptoms, OperatingConditions (OtherComponents Interaction).
Service Historyandifany After Market Accessories havebeen installed.
Operate thesystem, roadtestifnecessary.
Verify theparameter ofthe incident.
If the problem cannotbeduplicated, referto"Incident Simulation Tests"nextpage.
STEP
2
STEP 3Get
theproper diagnosis materialstogetherincluding:
POWER SUPPLY ROUTING
System Operation Descriptions
Applicable ServiceManualSections
Identify wheretobegin diagnosis baseduponyourknowledge ofthe system operation andthecustomer com-
ments.
STEP 4
STEP 5
STEP 6 Inspect
thesystem formechanical binding,looseconnectors orwiring damage.
Determine whichcircuits andcomponents areinvolved anddiagnose usingthePower Supply Routing andHar-
ness Layouts.
Repair orreplace theincident circuitorcomponent.
Operate thesystem inall modes. Verifythesystem worksproperly underallconditions. Makesureyouhave
not inadvertently createdanew incident duringyourdiagnosis orrepair steps.

GI-18

HOWTOPERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSIS FORANELECTRICAL INCIDENT
Incident Simulation Tests
INTRODUCTION

Sometimes thesymptom isnot present whenthevehicle isbrought infor service.
If
possible, re-create
the conditions presentatthe time ofthe incident. Doingsomay help avoid aNo Trouble FoundDiag-
nosis. Thefollowing sectionillustrates waystosimulate theconditionslenvironment underwhich the
owner experiences anelectrical incident.
The section isbroken intothesixfollowing topics:
• Vehicle vibration
• Heat sensitive
• Freezing
• Water intrusion
• Electrical load
• Cold orhot start up
Get athorough description ofthe incident fromthecustomer. Itis important forsimulating thecondi-
tions ofthe problem.

VEHICLE VIBRATION

The problem mayoccur orbecome worsewhiledriving onarough roadorwhen engine isvibrating
(idle with
AIC
on). Insuch acase, youwillwant tocheck foravibration relatedcondition. Refertothe
illustration below.

Connectors
&
harness

Determine whichconnectors andwiring harness wouldaffecttheelectrical systemyouareinspecting.

Gently
shakeeachconnector andharness whilemonitoring thesystem forthe incident youaretrying
to duplicate. Thistestmay indicate aloose orpoor electrical connection.

Hint

Connectors canbeexposed tomoisture. Itis possible toget athin film ofcorrosion onthe connector
terminals. Avisual inspection maynotreveal thiswithout disconnecting theconnector. Ifthe problem
occurs intermittently, perhapstheproblem iscaused bycorrosion. Itis agood ideatodisconnect, inspect
and clean theterminals onrelated connectors inthe system.

Sensors
&
relays
Gently
applyaslight vibration tosensors andrelays inthe system youareinspecting.
This testmay indicate aloose orpoorly mounted sensororrelay.
•

Vibration test

Bendgently.

GI-19
Tap
gently.

8GI839

HOWTOPERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSIS FORANELECTRICAL INCIDENT
Incident Simulation Tests(Cont'd)
Wirestrands
missing
Intermittent
signals
through
pierced
insulation
Proper crimp Insulation not
removed
Any
probe entering the
terminal mayenlarge
the contact spring
opening creatingan
intermittent signal.
Normal

II

Po

1/

I~

I,

::0

II

\':!J

Enlarged
Possible
cause
DEFORMED (ENLARGED) FEMALETERMINALS
DEFECTIVEINSULATION STRIPPING
Seal
Intermittent
contact Female
half
Check forunlocked terminals by
pulling eachwireatthe end of
the connector.
/

[1/

TERMINAL NOTPROPERLY SEATED
SGI840
SGI841 Tester
probe

When probing aconnector itis possible toenlarge thecontact
spring opening. Ifthis occurs itmay create anintermittent sig-
nal inthe circuit. Whenprobing aconnector, usecare notto
enlarge theopening. Theprobe ofthe Digital Multimeter (DMM)
may notfitinto theconnector cavity.
In
such cases makean
extension ofa"T" pinand probe itfrom theharness sideofthe
connector. MostDMMs haveaccessory alligatorclips.Slide
these overtheprobe toallow clipping the"T" pinforabetter
contact. Ifyou have anydifficulty probingaterminal, inspectthe
terminal. Ensureyouhave notaccidentally openedthecontact
spring orpulled awire loose.

GI-20

HOWTOPERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSIS FORANELECTRICAL INCIDENT
Incident Simulation Tests(Cont'd)
Engine compartment

There areseveral reasons avehicle orengine vibration could•
cause anelectrical complaint. Someofthe things tocheck for
are:
• Connectors notfully seated.
• Wiring harness notlong enough andisbeing stressed due
to engine vibrations orrocking.
• Wires laying across brackets ormoving components.
• Loose, dirtyorcorroded groundwires.
• Wires routed tooclose tohot components.
To inspect components underthehood, startbyverifying the
integrity ofground connections. (RefertoGROUND INSPEC-
TION described later.)Firstcheck thatthesystem isproperly
grounded. Thencheck forloose connection by
gently shaking

the wiring orcomponents aspreviously explained. Usingthe
wiring diagrams inspectthewiring forcontinuity.

Behind theinstrument panel

An improperly routedorimproperly clampedharnesscan
become pinchedduringaccessory installation. Vehiclevibra-
tion canaggravate aharness whichisrouted alongabracket
or near ascrew.

Under seating areas

An unclamped orloose harness cancause wiring tobe pinched
by seat components (suchasslide guides) duringvehicle vibra-
tion. Ifthe wiring runsunder seating areas,inspect wirerout-
ing forpossible damageorpinching.

Heating test

Do not heat above 60°C(140°F).

8GI842 HEAT
SENSITIVE

The owner's problem mayoccur during hotweather orafter car
has satforashort time.Insuch cases youwillwant tocheck
for aheat sensitive condition.
To determine ifan electrical component isheat sensitive, heat
the component withaheat gunorequivalent.

Do not heat components above
60°C
(140°F).
Ifincident occurs
while heating theunit, either replace orproperly insulatethe
component.

GI-21

HOWTOPERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSIS FORANELECTRICAL INCIDENT
Incident Simulation Tests(Cont'd)
FREEZING

Freezing test

Solenoid
Water
in

connector
The
customer mayindicate theincident goesaway afterthecar
warms up(winter time).Thecause couldberelated towater
freezing somewhere inthe wiring/electrical system.
There aretwo methods tocheck forthis. Thefirst isto arrange
for the owner toleave hiscar overnight. Makesureitwill get
cold enough todemonstrate hiscomplaint. Leavethecar
parked outside overnight. Inthe morning, doaquick andthor-
ough diagnosis ofthose electrical components whichcouldbe
affected.

SGI843
Thesecond method isto put the suspect component intoa
freezer longenough forany water tofreeze. Reinstall thepart
into thecar and check forthe reoccurrence ofthe incident. Ifit
occurs, repairorreplace thecomponent.
Water Intrusion test
WATER
INTRUSION

The incident mayoccur onlyduring highhumidity orinrainy/
snowy weather. Insuch cases theincident couldbecaused by
water intrusion onan electrical part.Thiscanbesimulated by
soaking thecar orrunning itthrough acar wash.

Do not spray waterdirectly onany electrical components.
SGI844

Electrical loadtest

AIC SGI845ELECTRICAL
LOAD

The incident maybeelectrical loadsensitive. Performdiagno-
sis with allaccessories (includingA/C,rearwindow defogger,
radio, foglamps) turnedon.

COLD ORHOT START UP

On some occasions anelectrical incidentmayoccur onlywhen
the car isstarted cold.Oritmay occur whenthecar isrestarted
hot shortly afterbeing turned off.Inthese cases youmay have
to keep thecar overnight tomake aproper diagnosis.

GI-22