1993 CHEVROLET DYNASTY Service Manual

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Page 297 of 2438

CHEVROLET DYNASTY 1993 Service Manual The instrument panel bulb can be checked each
time the ignition switch is turned to the start posi-
tion or the parking brake is set.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SERVICE PROCEDURES
BRAKE WARNING SYSTEM
CHECKING

Page 298 of 2438

CHEVROLET DYNASTY 1993 Service Manual BENDIX ANTILOCK 4 BRAKE SYSTEM INDEX
page page
ABS Brake System Diagnostic Features ....... 24
ABS Computer System Service Precautions .... 23
ABS General Service Precautions ............ 23
An

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CHEVROLET DYNASTY 1993 Service Manual HYDRAULIC BRAKE LINE ROUTING WITH BENDIX ANTILOCK 4 BRAKE SYSTEM
Ä ANTILOCK 4 BRAKE SYSTEM 5 - 13

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CHEVROLET DYNASTY 1993 Service Manual ANTILOCK BRAKE SYSTEM DEFINITIONS
In this section of the manual several abbreviations
are used for the components that are in the Bendix An-
tilock 4 Brake System, they are listed below for your
refe

ANTILOCK BRAKE SYSTEM DEFINITIONS
In this section of the manual several abbreviations
are used for the components that are in the Bendix An-
tilock 4 Brake System, they are listed below for your
reference.
² CABÐController Antilock Brake
² ABSÐAntilock Brake System
² PSIÐPounds per Square Inch (pressure)
² WSSÐWheel Speed Sensor
² ACÐAlternating Current
NORMAL BRAKE SYSTEM FUNCTION
Under normal braking conditions, the Bendix An-
tilock 4 Brake System functions the same as a stan-
dard non-Antilock brake system.
When a wheel locking tendency is detected during a
brake application, the vehicle brake system will enter
the Antilock mode. During Antilock Braking, hydraulic
pressure in the four wheel circuits is modulated to pre-
vent wheels from locking. Each wheel circuit is de-
signed with a set of electrical valves and hydraulic line
to provide modulation, although for vehicle stability,
both rear wheel valves receive the same electrical sig-
nal. The system can modulate pressure at each wheel,
depending on signals generated by the wheel speed sen-
sors (WSS) and received at the CAB.
MAJOR COMPONENTS
The following is a list of major system components.
Details of all components can be found later in this
section. See (Fig. 1) for the general location of the
components in the vehicle.
MASTER CYLINDER AND VACUUM BOOSTER
The Bendix Antilock 4 Brake System uses a vehi-
cles standard Master Cylinder/Reservoir and Vacuum
Booster (Fig. 2). The master cylinder primary and
secondary outputs (Fig. 2) go to the frame rail
mounted junction block and then directly to the mod-
ulator assembly inlet ports.
MODULATOR AND PUMP MOTOR/ASSEMBLY
The Modulator Assembly (Fig. 3) contains the elec-
tronic valves used for brake pressure modulation,
and the Pump/Motor assembly.
The Pump/Motor function, as part of the modulator
assembly, is to pump low pressure brake fluid from the
modulator sump into the ABS accumulator, as required.
WHEEL SPEED SENSORS
A Wheel Speed Sensor (Fig. 4) is located at each
wheel to transmit wheel speed information to the CAB.
CONTROLLER ANTILOCK BRAKE CAB
The CAB (Fig. 5) is a small computer which re-
ceives wheel speed information, controls Antilock op-
eration and monitors system operation.
Fig. 2 Master Cylinder And Brake Booster Assembly
Fig. 3 Modulator And Pump/Motor Assembly
Fig. 4 Wheel Speed Sensor
5 - 14 ANTILOCK 4 BRAKE SYSTEM Ä

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CHEVROLET DYNASTY 1993 Service Manual ANTILOCK BRAKES OPERATION AND
PERFORMANCE
The Bendix Antilock 4 Brake System represents
the current state-of-the-art in vehicle brake systems
and offers the driver increased safety and control
durin

ANTILOCK BRAKES OPERATION AND
PERFORMANCE
The Bendix Antilock 4 Brake System represents
the current state-of-the-art in vehicle brake systems
and offers the driver increased safety and control
during braking. This is accomplished by a sophisti-
cated system of electrical and hydraulic components.
As a result, there are a few performance characteris-
tics that may at first seem different but should be
considered normal. These characteristics are dis-
cussed below. More technical details are discussed
further in this section.
PEDAL FEEL
Since the Bendix Antilock 4 Brake System uses the
vehicle's conventional brake system power booster
and master cylinder. The brake pedal feel during
normal braking is the same as on a conventional
Non ABS equipped vehicle. When the Antilock system becomes activated dur-
ing hard braking due to a wheel lockup tendency.
The brake pedal effort will increase do to the master
cylinder pressure being isolated from the brake sys-
tem. Some brake pedal movement and associated
noises may be felt and heard by the driver. This is
normal operation of the Bendix Antilock 4 Brake
System due to pressurized brake fluid being trans-
ferred to and from the wheel brakes.
ANTILOCK BRAKE SYSTEM OPERATION
During Antilock Brake system operation, brake
pressures are modulated by cycling electric solenoid
valves. The cycling of these valves can be heard as a
series of popping or ticking noises. In addition, the
cycling may be felt as a pulsation in the brake pedal.
If Antilock operation occurs during a hard applica-
tion of the brakes, some pulsation may be felt in the
vehicle body due to fore and aft movement of vehicle
suspension components. Although ABS operation is available at virtually
all vehicle speeds, it will automatically turn off at
speeds below 3 to 5 mph. Wheel lockup may be per-
ceived at the very end of an anti lock stop and is con-
sidered normal.
TIRE NOISE & MARKS
Although the ABS system prevents complete wheel
lock-up, some wheel slip is desired in order to
achieve optimum vehicle braking performance. During brake fluid pressure modulation, as the
brake fluid pressure is increased, wheel slip is al-
lowed to reach up to 30%. This means that wheel
rolling speed is 30% less than that of a free rolling
wheel at a given vehicle speed. This slip may result
in some tire chirping, depending on the road surface.
This sound should not be interpreted as total wheel
lock-up. Complete wheel lock up normally leaves black tire
marks on dry pavement. The Antilock Brake System
will not leave dark black tire marks since the wheel
never reaches a locked condition. Tire marks may
however be noticeable as light patched marks.
VEHICLE PERFORMANCE
Antilock Brakes provide the driver with some
steering control during hard braking, however there
are conditions where the system does not provide any
benefit. In particular, hydroplaning is still possible
when the tires ride on a film of water. This results in
the vehicles tires leaving the road surface rendering
the vehicle virtually uncontrollable. In addition, ex-
treme steering maneuvers at high speed or high
speed cornering beyond the limits of tire adhesion to
the road surface may cause vehicle skidding, inde-
pendent of vehicle braking. For this reason, the ABS
system is termed Antilock instead of Anti-Skid.
SYSTEM SELF-DIAGNOSTICS
The Bendix Antilock 4 Brake System has been de-
signed with the following self diagnostic capabilities. The self diagnostic ABS startup cycle begins when
the ignition switch is turned to the on position. At
this time an electrical check is completed on the ABS
components such as Wheel Speed Sensor Continuity
and System and other Relay continuity. During this
check the Amber Antilock Light is on for approxi-
mately 1-2 seconds. Further Antilock Brake System functional testing
is accomplished once the vehicle is set in motion,
known as drive-off. (1) The solenoid valves and the pump/motor are ac-
tivated briefly to verify function.
Fig. 5 Controller Antilock Brake CAB
Ä ANTILOCK 4 BRAKE SYSTEM 5 - 15

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CHEVROLET DYNASTY 1993 Service Manual (2) The voltage output from each of the wheel
speed sensors is verified to be within the correct op-
erating range. If a vehicle is not set in motion within 3 minutes
from the time the ignition switc

(2) The voltage output from each of the wheel
speed sensors is verified to be within the correct op-
erating range. If a vehicle is not set in motion within 3 minutes
from the time the ignition switch is turned to the on
position. The solenoid valve test is bypassed but the
pump/motor is activated briefly to verify that it is op-
erating correctly.
WARNING SYSTEMS OPERATION
The ABS system uses an Amber Antilock Warning
Lamp, located in the instrument cluster. The purpose
of the warning lamp is discussed in detail below. The Amber Antilock Warning Light will turn on
whenever the CAB detects a condition which results
in a shutdown of the Antilock brake system. The
Amber Antilock Warning Lamp is normally on until
the CAB completes its self tests and turns the lamp
off (approximately 1-2 seconds). When the Amber
Antilock Warning Light is on, only the Antilock
brake function of the brake system if affected. The
standard brake system and the ability to stop the car
will not be affected when only the Amber Antilock
Warning Light is on.
NORMAL OPERATION OF WARNING LAMP
With ignition key turned to the Crank position, the
Red Brake Warning Lamp and Amber Antilock
Warning Lamp will turn on as a bulb check. The
Amber Antilock Warning Lamp will stay on for 1-2
seconds then turn off, once verification of Antilock
Brake System self diagnosis is completed.
ANTILOCK BRAKE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
The following is a detailed description of the Ben-
dix Antilock 4 Brake System components. For infor-
mation on servicing the Four Wheel Disc Brake
System, see the standard Brake section in the Front
Wheel Drive Car, chassis service manual.
MODULATOR ASSEMBLY
WARNING: THE ONLY COMPONENTS OF THE
MODULATOR ASSSEMBLY THAT ARE SERVICE-
ABLE, ARE THE 2 PROPORTIONING VALVES,
BLEED SCREWS AND THREAD SAVERS. THE RE-
MAINING COMPONENTS OF THE MODULATOR AS-
SEMBLY ARE NOT INTENDED TO BE
SERVICEABLE ITEMS. NO ATTEMPT SHOULD BE
MADE TO REMOVE OR SERVICE ANY OTHER COM-
PONENTS OF THE MODEULATOR ASSEMBLY.
The Modulator Assembly (Fig. 1) is located under
the battery tray and is covered with an acid shield.
The Modulator Assembly contains the following com-
ponents for controlling the Antilock brake system. 4
Build/Decay Valves, 4 Shuttle Orifices, 2 Fluid
Sumps, 2 Accumulators, and a Pump/Motor assem- bly. Also attached to the Modulator Assembly are 6
brake tubes which are connected to a 12 way junc-
tion block. The junction block (Fig. 2) is mounted to
the left frame rail below the master cylinder in the
same location as the non ABS equipped combination
valve. The wheel brake lines are attached to the sys-
tem via the connector block.BUILD/DECAY VALVES
There are 4 Build/Decay valves, one for each
wheel. In the released position they provide a fluid
path direct to the wheel brakes. In the actuated (de-
cay) position, they provide a fluid path from the
wheel brakes to the sump. The Build/Decay valves
are spring loaded in the released (build) position.
SHUTTLE ORIFICE
There are 4 Shuttle Orifice Valves, one for each
wheel. The Shuttle Orifice Valve is a hydraulically
actuated valve which shuttles when the Build/Decay
valve is actuated. Actuating of the Build/Decay valve
causes a pressure differential to be created across the
Shuttle Orifice Valve. This acts like placing an ori-
Fig. 1 Modulator Assembly
Fig. 2 Antilock Brake Junction Block
5 - 16 ANTILOCK 4 BRAKE SYSTEM Ä

Page 303 of 2438

CHEVROLET DYNASTY 1993 Service Manual fice (restriction) in the line between the wheel and
the Build/Decay Valve. This restriction provides a
controlled build rate to each wheel brake during an
Antilock stop. The Shuttle Orifice Valve wi

fice (restriction) in the line between the wheel and
the Build/Decay Valve. This restriction provides a
controlled build rate to each wheel brake during an
Antilock stop. The Shuttle Orifice Valve will remain
in the orificed position until the ABS cycle is com-
plete. When the ABS cycle has been completed the
Build/Decay valves will return to their released posi-
tion which will equalize the pressure across the
Shuttle Orifice Valves. When the pressure equalizes,
the spring loaded Shuttle Orifice valves will return
to the unrestricted position.
FLUID SUMPS
There are two Fluid Sumps in the Hydraulic As-
sembly, one for the primary and secondary hydraulic
circuits. The Fluid Sumps store the brake fluid that
is decayed from the wheel brakes during an ABS cy-
cle. This fluid is then pumped to an accumulator
and/or the hydraulic system in order to provide build
pressure. The typical pressure in the sumps is 50 psi,
during ABS operation only.
HYDRAULIC SPRING ACCUMULATOR
The Hydraulic Spring Accumulators (Fig. 3) (one
on each circuit) are used to store pressurized hydrau-
lic brake fluid during ABS operation only. This fluid
is used during hard braking when the ABS system is
activated, to supplement brake pressure when re-
quired. During normal Non ABS brake operation
there is NO pressurized brake fluid stored in the ac-
cumulators. The Hydraulic Spring Accumulators are
not a serviceable part of the Modulator Assembly
and should never be removed from the assembly.
PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL SWITCH
The Pressure Differential Switch on the Bendix An-
tilock 4 Brake System is located on the frame rail
mounted brake hydraulic tube junction block. This
switch functions the same as the Pressure Differential
Switch located in the combination valve on standard
non ABS brake system. The pressure differential
switch monitors the primary and secondary hydraulic
brake circuits for a difference in pressure. A pressure
difference greater than 225 psi., will move and latch
the switch, grounding the Red Brake Warning Light
circuit. This will in turn, turn on the Red Brake
Warning Light in the instrument panel to warn the
driver of a pressure loss in one of the brake hydraulic
systems. This pressure differential switch is a replace-
able item of the junction block assembly. The Red
Brake Warning Light only indicates a problem
with the foundation brake hydraulic system and
not the Antilock system.
PUMP/MOTOR ASSEMBLY
The Modulator Assembly contains 2 Pump Assem-
blies, one each for the primary and secondary hydrau-
lic circuits. Both pumps are driven by a common
electric motor which is part of the Modulator Assembly.
The pumps take brake fluid from the sumps to supply
pressure to the accumulators or hydraulic system via
the shuttle orifice during an Antilock stop. The motor
only runs during an ABS stop and is controlled by the
CAB via the Pump/Motor Relay. The Pump/Motor
Assembly is not a serviceable item. If it requires
service the Modulator Assembly must be replaced.
PROPORTIONING VALVES
Two Proportioning Valves (Fig. 4) are used in the
Bendix Antilock 4 Brake System, one for each of the
rear wheel brake hydraulic circuits. The Proportioning
Valves function the same as in a standard brake
system. The Proportioning Valves are located on the
side of the modulator assembly (Fig. 1). Each rear
wheel hydraulic brake line, is connected to an indi-
vidual proportioning valve.
Fig. 3 Hydraulic Spring Accumulator
Fig. 4 Proportioning Valve Identification
Ä ANTILOCK 4 BRAKE SYSTEM 5 - 17

Page 304 of 2438

CHEVROLET DYNASTY 1993 Service Manual WHEEL SPEED SENSORS
One Wheel Speed Sensor (WSS), is located at each
wheel (Fig. 5 and 6), and sends a small AC signal to the
control module CAB. This signal is generated by mag-
netic induction. The

WHEEL SPEED SENSORS
One Wheel Speed Sensor (WSS), is located at each
wheel (Fig. 5 and 6), and sends a small AC signal to the
control module CAB. This signal is generated by mag-
netic induction. The magnetic induction is created,
when a toothed sensor ring (Tone Wheel) (Fig. 7) passes
a stationary magnetic Wheel Speed Sensor. The CAB
converts the AC signal generated at each wheel into a
digital signal. If a wheel locking tendency is detected,
the CAB will then modulate hydraulic pressure to pre-
vent the wheel or wheels from locking.
The front Wheel Speed Sensor is attached to a boss
in the steering knuckle (Fig. 5). The tone wheel is
part of the outboard constant velocity joint (Fig. 5). The rear Wheel Speed Sensor is mounted to the cal-
iper adapter (Fig. 6) and the rear tone wheel is an
integral part of the rear wheel hub (Fig. 7). The
speed sensor air gap is NOT adjustable.
The four Wheel Speed Sensors are serviced individ-
ually. The front Tone Wheels are serviced as an as-
sembly with the outboard constant velocity joint. The
rear Tone Wheels are serviced as an assembly with
the rear brake hub. Correct Antilock system operation is dependent on
the vehicle's wheel speed signals, that are generated
by the Wheel Speed Sensors. The vehicle's wheels
and tires must all be the same size and type to gen-
erate accurate signals. In addition, the tires must be
inflated to the recommended pressures for optimum
system operation. Variations in wheel and tire size
or significant variations in inflation pressure can
produce inaccurate wheel speed signals.
CONTROLLER ANTILOCK BRAKE CAB
The Antilock Brake Controller is a small micropro-
cessor based device which monitors the brake system
and controls the system while it functions in the An-
tilock mode. The CAB is mounted on the top of the
right front frame rail and uses a 60-way system con-
nector (Fig. 8). The power source for the CAB is
through the ignition switch in the Run or On posi-
tion. THE CONTROLLER ANTILOCK BRAKE
CAB IS NOT ON THE CCD BUS The primary functions of the CAB are:
(1) Detect wheel locking tendencies.
(2) Control fluid modulation to the brakes while in
Antilock mode. (3) Monitor the system for proper operation.
Fig. 5 Front Wheel Speed Sensor
Fig. 6 Rear Wheel Speed Sensor
Fig. 7 Rear Tone Wheel (Typical)
5 - 18 ANTILOCK 4 BRAKE SYSTEM Ä

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