2007 FORD FIESTA Workshop Manual

Fuel Charging and Controls - 2.OL
Duratec-HE (M14)
I SECTION 303-04B Fuel Charging and Controls - 2.OL
Duratec-HE (M14)
VEHICLE APPLICATION:2006.0 Fiesta
CONTENTS PAGE
SPECIFICATIONS
........................................................................\
............................................ Specifications.. 303-04B-2
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
Fuel Charging and Controls ........................................................................\
.................... 303-048-3
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
Fuel Charging and Controls ........................................................................\
.................... 303-04B-5
Principles of Operation
........................................................................\
........................... 303-04B-5
Inspection and Verification
........................................................................\
.......................... 303-048-8
Symptom Chart ........................................................................\
...................................... 303-04B-9
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION /
(< Throttle Body 303-048-24 ........................................................................\
..............................................
Fuel Injectors ........................................................................\
.......................... (23 455 0) 303-048-26
Fuel Rail ........................................................................\
...................................................... 303-04B-27
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Fuel Charging and Controls - 2.OL
Duratec-HE (M14)
SPECIFICATIONS
Torque Specifications
I Fuel injection supply manifold retaining bolts I 25 I 18 I - I
Description
2006.0 Fiesta 1212006 G37518en
(.
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Fuel Charging and Controls - 2.OL
Duratec-HE (M14)
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
Fuel Charging and Controls
Item Description Fuel Injection Supply Manifold
4 1 Fuel injector
The fuel injectors are fitted directly into the fuel
injection supply manifold and are retained by the
3
fuel injector retaining clips. Sealing between the
The fuel
injection supply manifold is retained to the
engine by two bolts. The fuel injection supply
1
2
2006.0 Fiesta 1212006 G385113en
Fuel injection supply manifold
Fuel injector retaining clip
Fuel injector O-ring seals manifold-has pressed steel
cups to
house the fuel
injectors.
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Fuel Charging and Controls - 2.OL
303-04B-4 Duratec-HE (M14) 303-04B-4
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
fuel injector to fuel injection supply manifold and
The fuel injectors are activated sequentially by the
the intake manifold is achieved by means of upper
powertrain control module (PCM) which modifies
and lower O-ring seals.
the fuel quantity by adjusting fuel injector opening
times according to the engine operating conditions.
Throttle Body The throttle body also gives inputs back to the
Item Description The signal from the PCM is used to control a DC
The throttle butterfly position is controlled by a
signal from the PCM which receives an input from
the accelerator pedal position sensor. The system
is fully electronic and does not use any cables.
I
PCM. This information allows the PCM to
compensate for factors such as carbon build up
within the throttle body and throttle body wear. The
throttle body also provides information to the PCM
to enable the flagging of a DTC.
Throttle
body
2006.0 Fiesta 1212006 G385113en
motor within the throttle body which is connected
to the throttle butterfly through gears.
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Fuel Charging and Controls - 2.OL
303-04B-5 Duratec-HE (M14) 303-04B-5
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
Fuel Charging and Controls
General Equipment
Wgnostic System (WDS) I
Principles of Operation
Ethanol equipped vehicles
Ethanol, is derived from cellulose waste. A large
proportion of Ethanol is distilled from corn, wheat
and sugar cane crops. The product that is to be
used in this vehicle is called Ethanol E85. E85 is
a mixture of 15% gasoline and 85% Ethanol.
Ethanol is a clear liquid and when fully burnt the
combustion gasses remaining are Carbon Dioxide
and water. This makes the use of Ethanol a good
environmental proposition. One drawback with pure
Ethanol is that it is corrosive to certain rubber and
plastic materials. The
introduction of Ethanol E85 has required some
major internal changes to the fuel supply and
delivery system. Some earlier vehicles used an
Ethanol mixture called Ethanol
El 5. This fuel was
made up of 15% Ethanol and 85% gasoline. At this
mixture ratio, no changes to the fuel charging or
delivery system where required, as no degradation
would occur with the cylinder head valves or
material content of the components, although some
performance loss would be noticeable.
The components used by vehicles running Ethanol
appear to be the same in construction as those
that use unleaded fuel only. The changes are
mainly to do with the materials used and increases
in fuel flow rates.
Ethanol has a much higher octane rating than
standard fuel which means that the ignition and
fuel injection calibrations for a vehicle that is
capable of using Ethanol E85 must be adapted
suitably.
I Item Description
I 1 I Fuel injectors
1ue1 rail I
2006.0 Fiesta 1212006 GI 65371 en
Item Description
3
4
Block heater
Fuel pump module
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Fuel Charging and Controls - 2.OL
303-04B-6 Duratec-HE (M14) 303-04B-6
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
1 6 1 Heated Oxygen sensor (H02s) I
Item Description Fuel supply
1 7 1 Intake manifold I
5
Fuel injectors
Throttle body
The fuel supply for all petrol fueled variants is
equipped with a return-less fuel system. This
means that the fuel delivery pressure at the fuel
injectors, is monitored and controlled by the fuel
tank module. This control is achived by switching
the fuel pump on and off.
The fuel pump module for both the Ethanol E85
TO maintain the same or similar power output to variant vehicle and the unleaded fueled vehicle are
that of the unleaded fuel vehicle, the fuel injectors
very similar, visual^ the only difference is the fuel
have been replaced with high flow fuel injectors. pump electrical connections which on the Ethanol
E85 variant is sealed. This is not the only
differance, both fuel pump modules have different
(
Fuel composition monitoring fuel level sensor resistor card values.
The quantity of Ethanol E85 in relation to the
quantity of unleaded fuel contained in the fuel tank
at any one time is not monitored at the fuel tank.
The Ethanol percentage volume can only decrease
from its maximum 85% (pure Ethanol
E85), to zero
(1 00% unleaded fuel).
The fuel charging system compensates for the
changes in fuel composition using the signal
received by the power train control module (PCM)
from the
H02s. The PCM adapts the fueling and
ignition calibrations to suit the current fuel tank
content composition.
Cold start
To overcome the problems relating to cold start
inherent with Ethanol E85 vehicles (temperatures
down to -29 degrees centigrade), a block heater
has been installed into the engine coolant system.
The block heater is located to the rear of the engine
under the exhaust manifold. The block heater is
fitted with a dedicated harness which terminates at an external plug connector fitted into the radiator
grill.
2006.0 Fiesta 1212006
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Fuel Charging and Controls - 2.OL
303-04B-7 Duratec-HE (M14) 303-04B-7
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
I
The block heater can be connected to an external Throttle body
power supply, which will pre-heat the engine
i coolant contained within the cylinder block. The
' heated coolant will radiate heat to the fuel rail,
which will warm the contained fuel. Sufficient
warmed fuel is stored in the fuel rail to allow the
engine to start and continue running correctly, until
the engine combustion generates sufficient heat
to maintain correct operating conditions.
Fuel rail
The throttle body on Ethanol E85 vehicles is the
same as non Ethanol E85 variants. This is a fully
electronic controlled and monitored component.
The PCM adapts to the wear characteristics of the
throttle plate. If a new throttle body is installed, it
is necessary to teach the values of the new throttle
body to the PCM. If installing a new throttle body,
follow the initialization procedure.
REFER to: Throttle Body
(303-04C, Removal and
Installation).
The fuel rail on Ethanol E85 vehicles is the same
' as non Ethanol E85 variants. The fuel rail function
is to supply a reservoir of fuel at equal pressure
for all four fuel injectors.
2006.0 Fiesta i212006 GI 65371 en
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Fuel Charging and Controls - 2.OL
303-04B-8 Duratec-HE (M14) 303-04B-8
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
lntake manifold
item Description
I 1 I Intake manifold tuning (IMT) swirl plates I Inspection and Verification
121
lntake manifold runner control (IMRC)
throttle plates
The intake manifold for both Ethanol
E85 and
standard unleaded fueled vehicles is the same
construction.
Built into the intake manifold, are the
IMRC throttle
plates and IMT swirl plates.
Under low demand throttle conditions, the air
charge is delivered to the cylinder head intake ports
through the primary air intake chambers. The clean
flow of the air charge is disturbed by the IMT swirl
plates to assist in the mixing of the air fuel mixture
at the fuel injectors.
1. Verify the customer concern.
2. Visually inspect for obvious signs of mechanical
or electrical damage.
Visual lnspection Chart
I Mechanical I Electrical I
- Fuel leak(s)
- Vacuum line(s)
- Gasket(s)
- Seal(s)
- Fuel injector(s)
- Throttle body
- Fuel rail
- Powertrain control
module (PCM)
- Wiring harness
- Electrical
connector(s)
- Throttle body
- Fuel injector(s)
2006.0 Fiesta 1212006 GI 65371en
During high demand throttle conditions, the IMRC
throttle plates are opened and the air charge is - Fuel supply line
allowed to use both primary and secondary intake
chambers. This means a higher volume of air 3. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported
charge can be accommodated by the intake concern
is found, correct the cause (if
possible) (
before proceeding to the next step. \. . manifold. During this high demand throttle
condition, the IMT swirl plates are fully open so as
4. If the cause is not visually evident, verify the
not to restrict the air charge flow.
symptom and refer to the Symptom Chart.
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