Page 209 of 1938

HYDRAULIC CLUTCH LINKAGE SYSTEM Ð RHD
CAUTION: Do not actuate the master cylinder or
step on the clutch pedal before the quick connect
coupling is joined or an over pressure condition
could result in damage to the master cylinder, the
quick connect coupling, or the dash panel.
NOTE: The hydraulic clutch linkage system is pre-
filled by the supplier who warrants the system to be
free of air, contamination, and leaks. No routine
maintenance is required. Except for the self-retain-
ing snap-on master cylinder pushrod bushing, the
hydraulic system is serviced only as a complete
assembly and individual components cannot be
overhauled or replaced.
REMOVAL
1. Disconnect the quick connect coupling to facili-
tate the removal of the master cylinder assembly and
slave cylinder assembly separately (Fig. 14). Refer to
the removal and installation procedure in this section
for detailed instructions on disconnecting and con-
necting the quick connect coupling.
2. Remove the master cylinder assembly (Fig. 15).
Refer to the master cylinder removal and installation
procedure in this section for detailed instructions on
removal of the master cylinder assembly.3. Remove the slave cylinder assembly. Refer to
the slave cylinder removal and installation procedure
in this section for detailed instructions on removal
and installation of the slave cylinder.
INSTALLATION
1. For installation of the hydraulic clutch linkage
system, reverse the above procedure.
Fig. 14 Hydraulic Clutch Linkage System Ð RHD
Fig. 15 Self-Retaining Snap-on Bushing Ð RHD
NS/GSCLUTCH 6 - 11
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 210 of 1938

QUICK CONNECT COUPLING Ð RHD
CAUTION: Do not actuate the master cylinder or
step on the clutch pedal before the quick connect
coupling is joined, or an over pressure condition
could result in damage to the master cylinder, the
quick connect coupling, or the dash panel.
REMOVAL
1. Disconnect the quick connect coupling by lightly
pushing down on the black release collar on the male
side of the quick connect coupling while separating it
from the female side of the quick connect coupling
(Fig. 14).
INSTALLATION
1. Connect the male side of the quick connect cou-
pling (part of the master cylinder assembly) by hold-
ing the clutch tube at the rear and inserting it into
the female side of the quick connect coupling (part of
the slave cylinder assembly) until an audible click is
heard (Fig. 14).Do not push on the black release
collar on the male side of the quick connect
coupling while inserting it into the female side
of the quick connect coupling.
2. Confirm the connection by pulling firmly on the
clutch tube.
MASTER CYLINDER SYSTEM Ð RHD
REMOVAL
(1) Disconnect the quick connect coupling. Refer to
the ªQuick Connect Couplingº removal and installa-
tion procedure in this section.
(2) Remove the master cylinder pushrod from the
clutch pedal pin by prying between the self-retaining
snap-on bushing, located in the master cylinder
pushrod, and the clutch pedal pin (Fig. 15).
(3) Disconnect the hydraulic line from the weld
stud clips (Fig. 14).
(4) Remove the rubber grommet at the master cyl-
inder pass through in the dash panel (Fig. 16).
(5) Remove the master cylinder assembly from the
engine compartment by rotating it clockwise from the
12 o'clock lock position to the 2 o'clock unlock posi-
tion and pulling the master cylinder out tilted 20
degrees down.NOTE: A ªTwist and Lockº type
mechanism is used to secure the master cylin-
der to the clutch pedal bracket which is
attached to the dash panel.
INSTALLATION
(1) Position the master cylinder assembly to the
clutch pedal bracket by tilting it 20 degrees upward
and at the 2 o'clock unlocked position.
(2) Rotate the master cylinder counterclockwise to
the 12 o'clock locked position.
(3) Install the rubber grommet into the dash panel
at the master cylinder pass through (Fig. 16).
(4) Connect the hydraulic line to the weld stud
clips in the engine compartment (Fig. 14).
(5) Connect the quick connect coupling. Refer to
the ªQuick Connect Couplingº removal and installa-
tion procedure in this section.
(6) Install the self-retaining snap-on bushing into
the master cylinder pushrod, if necessary.
(7) Install the master cylinder pushrod with self-
retaining snap-on bushing onto the clutch pedal pin
by pressing it onto the clutch pedal pin until seats in
the groove of the clutch pedal pin.
SLAVE CYLINDER ASSEMBLY Ð RHD
REMOVAL
1. Disconnect the quick connect coupling. Refer to
the ªQuick Connect Couplingº removal and installa-
tion procedure in this section.
2. Remove the nut and washer assemblies (2)
retaining the slave cylinder and mounting bracket
assembly to the transaxle (Fig. 14).
3. Remove the slave cylinder assembly from the
transaxle.
Fig. 16 Clutch Master Cylinder Ð RHD
6 - 12 CLUTCHNS/GS
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 211 of 1938

INSTALLATION
1. Position the slave cylinder assembly to the tran-
saxle deck and secure with the nut and washer
assemblies (2) and tighten to specifications (Fig. 14).
2. Make sure the slave cylinder pushrod is prop-
erly seated in the cup end of the clutch release lever.
3. Connect the quick connect coupling. Refer to the
ªQuick Connect Couplingº removal and installation
procedure in this section.
MODULAR CLUTCH ASSEMBLY (2.0L AND 2.4L
GASOLINE)
The transaxle must be removed to service the mod-
ular clutch assembly and components (Fig. 17). Refer
to Group 21 for the ªA-558 Manual Transaxleº
removal procedure.
CLUTCH ASSEMBLY (2.5L DIESEL)
The transaxle must be removed to service the
clutch disc assembly and components.
REMOVAL
(1) Remove the transaxle, refer to Group 21, Tran-
saxle.
(2) Install universal clutch alignment tool into the
clutch assembly (this will prevent the clutch from
inadvertently being dropped).
(3) To avoid distortion of the pressure plate,
remove the clutch pressure plate bolts a few turns at
a time. Use a crisscross pattern until all bolts are
loosened.
(4) Carefully remove the clutch pressure plate and
disc (Fig. 18).To service the flywheel, refer to Group 9, Engine.
INSPECTION
Inspect for oil leakage through engine rear main
bearing oil seal and transaxle input shaft seal. If
leakage is noted, it should be corrected at this time.
The friction faces of the flywheel and pressure
plate should not have:
²Excessive discoloration
²Burned areas
²Small cracks
²Deep grooves
²Ridges
Replace parts as required.
CAUTION: Do not polish flywheel to a mirror like
surface. Clean the flywheel face with medium sand-
paper (80-160 grade), then wipe the surface with
mineral spirits. If the surface is severely scored,
heat checked, or warped, replace the flywheel.
CAUTION: Do not flat-machine the flywheel face.
The surface profile is slightly tapered and has a
0.30 mm step.
The disc assembly should be handled without
touching the facings. Replace disc if the facings show
evidence of grease or oil soakage, or wear to within
less than .38 mm (.015 inch) of the rivet heads. The
splines on the disc hub and transaxle input shaft
should be a snug fit without signs of excessive wear.
Metallic portions of disc assembly should be dry and
clean, and not been discolored from excessive heat.
Each of the arched springs between the facings
should not be broken and all rivets should be tight.
Wipe the friction surface of the pressure plate with
mineral spirits.
Using a straight edge, check clutch cover (pressure
plate) for flatness. The clutch cover (pressure plate)
Fig. 17 Modular Clutch Assembly Ð 2.0L and 2.4L
Fig. 18 Clutch Disc, Cover and Pressure Plate
NS/GSCLUTCH 6 - 13
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 212 of 1938

friction area should be slightly concave, with the
inner diameter 0.02 mm to 0.1 mm (.0008 in. to .0039
in.) below the outer diameter. It should also be free
from discoloration, burned areas, cracks, grooves, or
ridges.
Using a surface plate, test cover for flatness. All
sections around attaching bolt holes should be in con-
tact with surface plate within .015 inch.
The cover should be a snug fit on flywheel dowels.
If the clutch assembly does not meet these require-
ments, it should be replaced.
INSTALLATION
(1) Position the clutch and pressure plate onto the
flywheel.
(2) Insert the universal clutch alignment tool into
the clutch disc.
(3) To avoid distortion of the pressure plate, bolts
should be tightened a few turns at a time (Fig. 19).
Use a crisscross pattern until all bolts are seated.
Tighten pressure plate bolts to 27 N´m (20 ft. lbs.).
(4) Remove the universal clutch alignment tool.
(5) Install the transaxle, refer to Group 21, Tran-
saxle.
(6) Fill transaxle to the proper level with the spec-
ified lubricant.
(7) While the vehicle is elevated slightly, run the
transaxle through all the forward gears. Apply
brakes and shift into reverse. Run the transaxle
through reverse gear.
(8) Check the transaxle for leaks and recheck the
level of the transaxle lubricant.
CLUTCH RELEASE BEARING AND FORK
Remove the transaxle from the vehicle. See Group
21, for removal and installation procedures.
REMOVAL
(1) Remove clutch release shaft E-clip (Fig. 20).
(2) Remove the clutch release shaft and then slide
the fork and bearing assembly off the bearing pilot
(Fig. 21).
Fig. 19 2.5 Diesel Clutch Assembly
Fig. 20 E-clip at Clutch Release Lever Shaft
Fig. 21 Clutch Release Shaft
6 - 14 CLUTCHNS/GS
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 213 of 1938

(3) Remove the fork from the bearing thrust plate
(Fig. 22).
(4) Examine the condition of the bearing. It is pre-
lubricated and sealed and should not be immersed in
oil or solvent.
(5) The bearing should turn smoothly when held in
the hand under a light thrust load. A light drag
caused by the lubricant fill is normal. If the bearing
is noisy, rough, or dry, replace the complete bearing
assembly with a new bearing.
(6) The bearing has a plastic sleeve pre-lubricated
at assembly. Wipe out the old grease. Refill the sleeve
cavities and coat the inner surface with multipurpose
grease. If the liner is cracked or worn, replace the
bearing assembly.
(7) Check the condition of the spring clips. If the
clips are broken or distorted, replace the bearing
assembly.
INSTALLATION
(1) Before assembling the fork, lubricate the
rounded thrust pads and the spring clip cavities with
multipurpose grease.
(2) Assemble the fork to the bearing by sliding the
thrust pads under the spring clips. Be careful to
avoid distorting the spring clips. These clips prevent
the bearing thrust plate from rotating with the bear-
ing.
(3) Slide the bearing and fork assembly onto the
input shaft bearing retainer.
(4) Position the release shaft bushings in the hous-
ing and install the release shaft. A small amount of
bearing grease between the release shaft bushing
and the shaft is beneficial but not required. Install
the retainer clip in the shaft groove near the large
bushing.
(5) Install the release lever and retaining clip on
the outer end of the release shaft.
CLEANING AND INSPECTION
CLUTCH CONTAMINATION
Fluid contamination is a frequent cause of clutch
malfunctions. Oil, grease, water, or other fluids on
the clutch contact surfaces will cause faulty opera-
tion.
During inspection, note if any components are con-
taminated. Look for evidence of oil, grease, or water/
road splash on clutch components.
OIL CONTAMINATION
Oil contamination indicates a leak at the rear main
seal and/or transaxle input shaft. Oil leaks produce a
residue of oil on the transaxle housing interior, clutch
cover and flywheel. Heat buildup caused by slippage
can bake the oil residue onto the components. This
glaze-like residue ranges in color from amber to
black.
GREASE CONTAMINATION
Grease contamination is usually a product of over-
lubrication. During clutch service, apply only a small
amount of grease to the input shaft splines. Excess
grease may be thrown off during operation, contami-
nating the disc.
ROAD SPLASH/WATER CONTAMINATION
Road splash contamination is usually caused by
driving the vehicle through deep water puddles.
Water can be forced into the clutch housing, causing
clutch components to become contaminated. Facing of
disc will absorb moisture and bond to the flywheel
and/or, pressure plate, if vehicle is allowed to stand
for some time before use. If this condition occurs,
replacement of clutch assembly may be required.
Drive the vehicle until normal clutch operating tem-
perature has been obtained. This will dry off disc
assembly, pressure plate, and flywheel.
CLEANING PRECAUTIONS
Condensation from steam vapors tend to accumu-
late on the internal clutch mechanism when the vehi-
cle is steam cleaned. Facing of disc will absorb
moisture and will bond to flywheel and/or pressure
plate, if vehicle is allowed to stand for some time
before use. If this condition occurs, it may require
replacement of clutch assembly. After cleaning, drive
the vehicle to its normal clutch operating tempera-
ture. This will dry off disc assembly, pressure plate,
and flywheel.
Fig. 22 Clutch Release Fork
NS/GSCLUTCH 6 - 15
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 214 of 1938

ADJUSTMENTS
CLUTCH CABLE Ð LHD
The manual transaxle clutch release system has a
unique self-adjusting mechanism to compensate for
clutch disc wear. This adjuster mechanism is located
within the clutch cable assembly. The preload spring
maintains tension on the cable. This tension keeps
the clutch release bearing continuously loaded
against the fingers of the clutch cover assembly.
ADJUSTER MECHANISM FUNCTION CHECK Ð
LHD
(1) With slight pressure, pull the clutch release
lever end of the cable to draw the cable taut. Push
the clutch cable housing toward the dash panel (With
less than 20 lbs. of effort, the cable housing should
move 30-50mm.). This indicates proper adjuster
mechanism function. If the cable does not adjust,
determine if the mechanism is properly seated on the
bracket.
(2) If the adjust mechanism functions properly,
route cable to the transaxle.
(3) Insert cable into transaxle and through clutch
release lever. Ensure the cable is routed through the
smaller hole in the transaxle deck (Fig. 10).
(4) Pull down on cable and insert cable retaining
clip onto clutch cable end.
(5) Check clutch pedal position switch operation.
CLUTCH PEDAL POSITION SWITCH
The clutch pedal position switch is mounted to a
bracket located behind the clutch pedal. The switch
is held in place by four plastic wing tabs.
The clutch pedal position switch IS NOT adjust-
able. The pedal blade contacts the switch in the down
position.
SPECIFICATIONS
CLUTCH TIGHTENING REFERENCE
2.0/2.4 LITER GASOLINE ENGINE
DESCRIPTION TORQUE
Drive Plate Bolts............95N´m(70ft.lbs.)
Lower Trans. Cover.........12N´m(105 in. lbs.)
Modular Clutch Bolts.........74N´m(55ft.lbs.)
Upper Trans. Cover.........12N´m(105 in. lbs.)
2.5 LITER DIESEL ENGINE
DESCRIPTION TORQUE
Flywheel Bolts..............95N´m(70ft.lbs.)
Lower Trans. Cover.........12N´m(105 in. lbs.)
Clutch Pressure Plate Bolts....27N´m(20ft.lbs.)
Upper Trans. Cover.........12N´m(105 in. lbs.)
6 - 16 CLUTCHNS/GS
Page 215 of 1938

COOLING SYSTEM
CONTENTS
page page
GENERAL INFORMATION
ACCESSORY DRIVE BELTS................ 1
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION OIL COOLERÐ
2.4L................................. 3
COOLANT RECOVERY SYSTEM (CRS)....... 3
COOLANT.............................. 3
COOLING SYSTEM....................... 2
ENGINE BLOCK HEATER.................. 5
ENGINE THERMOSTAT.................... 3
RADIATOR PRESSURE CAP................ 4
RADIATOR............................. 3
WATER PUMPS......................... 3
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
COOLANT PERFORMANCE................. 6
RADIATOR HOSES AND CLAMPS........... 6
WATER PIPESÐ3.0L ENGINE.............. 6
WATER PUMPÐ3.3/3.8L ENGINES.......... 7
WATER PUMPÐ2.4L ENGINE.............. 6
WATER PUMPÐ3.0L ENGINE.............. 6
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
ACCESSORY DRIVE BELT.................. 7
COOLING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS............. 8
DEAERATION.......................... 16
ELECTRIC FAN MOTOR TEST.............. 14
LOW COOLANT LEVEL AERATION.......... 15
PRESSURE TESTING RADIATOR CAP....... 15
RADIATOR CAP TO FILLER NECK SEAL
PRESSURE RELIEF CHECK.............. 15
RADIATOR COOLANT FLOW TEST.......... 14
RADIATOR FAN CONTROL................ 14
TEMPERATURE GAUGE INDICATION........ 16
TESTING COOLING SYSTEM FOR LEAKS.... 14
SERVICE PROCEDURES
COOLANT LEVEL CHECKÐROUTINE........ 16
COOLANT LEVEL SERVICE................ 16COOLANTÐADDING ADDITIONAL.......... 16
COOLING SYSTEMÐDRAINING............ 16
COOLING SYSTEMÐREFILLING........... 16
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
ACCESSORY DRIVE BELTSÐ2.4L.......... 23
ACCESSORY DRIVE BELTSÐ3.0L.......... 24
ACCESSORY DRIVE BELTÐ3.3/3.8L........ 24
ENGINE BLOCK HEATER................. 23
FAN MODULE.......................... 22
RADIATOR DRAINCOCK.................. 21
RADIATOR............................ 21
THERMOSTATÐ2.4L ENGINE............. 19
THERMOSTATÐ3.0L ENGINE............. 20
THERMOSTATÐ3.3/3.8L ENGINES......... 20
WATER PUMP INLET TUBEÐ2.4L ENGINE . . . 17
WATER PUMPÐ3.3/3.8L ENGINES......... 19
WATER PUMPÐ2.4L ENGINE............ 17
WATER PUMPÐ3.0L ENGINE............. 18
CLEANING AND INSPECTION
ACCESSORY DRIVE BELT................. 25
CHEMICAL CLEANING................... 25
COOLING SYSTEM CLEANING............. 25
RADIATOR PRESSURE CAP............... 25
REVERSE FLUSHING THE ENGINE......... 25
REVERSE FLUSHING THE RADIATOR....... 25
WATER PUMP......................... 24
ADJUSTMENTS
BELT TENSION CHART................... 26
BELT TENSION GAUGE METHOD........... 26
PROPER BELT TENSION................. 25
SPECIFICATIONS
COOLING SYSTEM CAPACITY............. 26
TORQUE CHART........................ 26
SPECIAL TOOLS
COOLING............................. 26
GENERAL INFORMATION
ACCESSORY DRIVE BELTS
The accessory drive system utilizes two different
style of drive belts. The conventional V-belt and the
Poly-V belt are used to drive the generator, air con-
ditioning compressor, power steering pump and waterpump. Satisfactory performance of these belts
depends on belt condition and proper belt tension.
Belt tensioning should be performed with the aid of a
Burroughs gauge Special Tool C-4162. Because of
space limitations in the engine compartment, the use
of the gauge may be restricted. Raise the vehicle on a
hoist and then remove the splash shield to gain
access to the drive belts.
NSCOOLING SYSTEM 7 - 1
Page 216 of 1938

COOLING SYSTEM
The cooling system has a radiator, coolant, electric fan
motor, shroud, pressure cap, thermostat, coolant reserve
system, transmission oil cooler, a water pump to circulate
the coolant, hoses, and clamps to complete the circuit.
²When Engine is cold: thermostat is closed, cool-
ing system has no flow through the radiator. The
coolant bypass flows through the engine only.
²
When Engine is warm: thermostat is open, cooling
system has bypass flow and coolant flow through radia-
tor.
Its primary purpose is to maintain engine temper-
ature in a range that will provide satisfactory engine
performance and emission levels under all expected
driving conditions. It also provides hot water (cool-
ant) for heater performance and cooling for automatic
transmission oil. It does this by transferring heat
from engine metal to coolant, moving this heated
coolant to the radiator, and then transferring this
heat to the ambient air.
Coolant flow circuits for 2.4L and 3.3/3.8L engines
are shown in (Fig. 1), and 3.0L engine coolant rout-
ing is shown in (Fig. 2)
Fig. 1 Cooling System Operation 2.4L and 3.3/3.8L Engines
Fig. 2 Cooling System Operation 3.0L Engine
7 - 2 COOLING SYSTEMNS
GENERAL INFORMATION (Continued)