1994 MAZDA MX-5 Workshop Manual

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE RELATIONSHIP CHART Fuel injector TEN Terminal (Data link connector) Ignition Switch (Start Position) Steering Pressure Sensor X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X xoo Blower Switch Headlight Switch Stoplight Switch Neutral and Clutch Switches (MT) Parklneutral switch (AT) Air Conditioning Sensor Idle Switch Throttle I BDL) Position Sensor I Sensor (NO) Barometric Absolute Pres- sure Sensor IGF Signal Heated Oxygen Sensor Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor Sensor Mass Air- flow Sensor Intake Air Temperature Sensor Crankshaft SGTSignal Position Sensor SGC-Signal Gartner Banana

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE USING THIS SECTION Introduction Most of the fuel and emission control system is electrically controlled, often making it difficult to diagnose '.-/ problems in the system, especially intermittent problems. Before undertaking actual checks, take a few minutes to talk with a customer who approaches with a driveability complaint. The customer is often a good source of information on such problems, especially intermittent ones. Through talks with the cus- tomer, one can find out what the symptoms are and under what conditions they occur. Work flow CHECK IN LISTEN TO CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS REFER TO TROUBLESHOOTING PAGE THAT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic index CORRESPONDS TO ACTUAL SYMPTOM (Refer to page F-18) 1-CHECKFORWHATISBADINSYSTEM--------------------- Inspection CHECKFORWHATPARTISBAD----------------------- Action Diagnostic index No.: / Each troubleshooting item is as- signed a number. TROUBLESHOOTING ITEM: There are 34 troubleshooting items. Choose the item that most closely corresponds to the actual symp- ,, tom. yes 1 CHECK OUT ---- -- TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE F DESCRIPTION: Describes each troubleshooting item. ' PAGE: Shows the reference page. Gartner Banana

F TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Troubleshooting chart F TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 7 I - page F-79 CRANKS NORMALLY BUT HARD TO START - AFTER WARM-UP 1 Check if PCME terminal voltaoes are OK Check If '00" is displayed on Sell-Diagnosis Check- er wilh lonillon switch ON I (2D* 2R and *) page 6145 'SCRIPTION Enginecranks at normal speed but requires excessive cranking time (more than 5 sec.) before starting after run- ning and hot soaked Battery In normal condition Engine starts normally when cold TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS] D AidFuel mixture too rich @ Vapor lock Fuel injection control malfunction . Fuel pressure not held In fuel line after engine stop Fuel injector fuel leakage . High RVP (winter) fuel used In warm weather ITEP I INSPECTlON Yes "88" flashes I Check PCME terminal I E ~Itg " p8gO F-I45 1 ACVON Go to next slep No Speclflcatlon: Baltery porltlve voltage (Ignition rwltch 1 ON) Diagnostic Trouble Code No. dlrplayed Check lor cause (Refer lo specified check sequence) a page F-81 If OK, replace PCME rr F-143 I:, if not OK, check wiring between PCME and Sell-Diagno- sis Checker LQ page M I No Check for cause (Refer to 'Check Pdnt for Each Terml- nal') page F-1 I -- ~ Yes Go lo next step I p- / Yes DESCRIPTION: Further describes the symptom. Confirm that the chart addresses the actual symptom before beginning troubleshooting. Go to next slep TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS: This describes the possible point of malfunction. STEP: This shows the order of troubleshooting. Proceed with troubleshooting as indicated. INSPECTION: This describes an inspection to quickly determine the malfunction of parts. If a detailed procedure is nec- essary to perform the INSPECTION, refer to the page shown by the "UW' mark. ACTION: This recommends the appropriate action to take as a result (YesINo) of the INSPECTION. How to per- form the action is described on the reference page shown by the "=" mark. Gartner Banana

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE DIAGNOSTIC INDEX Cranks normally but will not start (No com- Engine cranks at normal speed but shows no sign of bustion) I #firingN I F-17 I No. 1 TROUBLESHOOTING ITEM Will not crank or cranks slowly -- -- Cranks normally but will not start (Partial combustion) -When engine is cold Cranks normally but will not start (Partial combustion) - After warm-up Cranks normally but hard to start - Always Cranks normally but hard to start - When engine is cold - Engine cranks at normal speed but shows partial com- bustion and will not continue to run Engine cranks at normal speed but shows partial com- bustion and will not continue to run after running and hot soaked Engine cranks at normal speed but requires excessive cranking time (more than 5 sec.) before starting Same condition as No.5 when engine is cold Restarts OK after warm-up 8 DESCRIPTION Refer to Engine Electrical System Low idle speed1Rough idle - Before warm- UP Low idle speed/Rough idle -After warm-up PAGE SECTION G Cranks normally but hard to start - After warm-up Rough idle - Always Engine speed low or engine vibrates excessively at idle during warm-up Engine runs normally at idle during warm-up but vi- brates excessively after warm-up High idle speed - After warm-up Low idle speed - When NC, PIS, or EIL ON l5 1 Engine stalls at idle - Always Engine starts normally but vibrates excessively and stalls at idle in every condition I F40 1 13 14 Same condition as No.5 after running and hot soaked Starts normally when cold Engine vibrates excessively at idle in every condition Engine idle excessive for operation mode Engine speed decreases at idle when NC, PIS, or EIL is ON 18 1 Engine stalls during start-up 1 Engine unexpectedly stops running while starting I F-45 F-26 F-27 F-34 F-36 Rough idle just after starting Idle moves up and down 16 17 l9 1 Engine stalls on deceleration I Engine unexpectedly stops running while decelerating or after deceleration Engine starts normally but vibrates excessively only just after starting Engine speed up and down periodically at idle Engine stalls at idle - Before warm-up Engine stalls at idle - After warm-up Engine stalls at idle -When AIC, PIS, or EIL running at idle when 1 20 1 ON I F-50 1 F-37 F-38 I I . . I 21 1 Engine stalls suddenly (Intermittent) I Engine intermittently stops running I F-52 Engine starts normally but vibrates excessively and stalls at idle before warm-up Engine runs normally at idle during warm-up but be- comes rouclh and stalls after warm-up F-43 F-44 24 1 Lack of power Performance is poor under load Maximum speed re- 1 duced I F-57 I Hesitates/Stumbles on acceleration Surges while cruising I I I 25 / Poor acceleration I Performance is poor while accelerating 1 F-61 I Flat spot occurs just after accelerator is depressed or mild jerking occurs during acceleration Unexpected, usually repetitive change in engine speed Knocking F-53 F-55 Runs rough on deceleration1Afterburn Abnormal combustion accompanied by audible "ping- ing" noise I F-67 I Engine runs rough while decelerating and abnormal combustion in exhaust system 1 30 1 High oil consumption I Oil consumption excessive I F-70 1 F-65 28 1 Fuel odor 29 / Exhaust sulfur smell 1 31 1 Poor fuel economy I Fuel economy unsatisfactory I F-71 I Gasoline odor in cabin Exhaust gas smells abnormal (rotten egg smell) F-69 F-70 Gartner Banana

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Warning Fuel vapor is hazardous. It can very easily ignite, causing serious injury and damage. Always keep sparks and flames away from fuel. Fuel in the fuel system is under high pressure when the engine is not running. 4 Warning Fuel line spills and leaks are dangerous. Fuel can ignite and cause serious injuries or death and damage. Fuel can also irritate skin and eyes. To prevent this, always complete the following "Fuel Line Safety Procedures". 35UOFX-008 F-73 F-73 F-74 Fuel Line Safety Procedures A. Release the fuel pressure before disconnecting a fuel line. 1. Start the engine. u 2. Disconnect the fuel pump relay connector. 3. After the engine stalls, turn the ignition switch to OFF. 4. Reconnect the fuel pump relay connector. B. Avoid leakage. 1. When disconnecting a fuel line hose, wrap a rag around it to protect against fuel leakage. 2. Plug the hose after removal. C. Install hose clamps to secure the fuel pressure gauge connections. Self-Diagnosis Checker does not indicate Diagnostic Trouble Code No. but MIL comes on Self-Diagnosis Checker indicates Diagnostic Trouble Code No, of input device but MIL never comes ON Blower fan operates but no cool air is discharged 32 33 34 Pinching Hose When pinching an air hose or fuel hose with pliers, wrap the hose with a rag to prevent damage. MIL always ON MIL never ON NC does not work Checking ignition spark When checking ignition spark condition, hold the high- tension lead with insulated pliers. Note If a timing light is used to check for spark, some lights do not light at the number 2 and 4 cylinders even if the ignition system is normal. J Gartner Banana

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE SYMPTOM TROUBLESHOOTING 2 CRANKS NORMALLY BUT WILL NOT START (NO COMBUSTION) Engine cranks at normal speed but shows no sign of "firing" ESCwPTION : Battery in normal condition Throttle valve not held wide open throttle while cranking Fuel in tank rROUBLESHOOTlNG HINTS] ecause of no combustion, possibly no fuel is injected to engine or no ignition at all cylinders 1 No spark O Low fuel line pressure lanition control malfunction @ Low engine compression ignition system component malfunction I No fuel injection Fuel pump does not operate Fuel injector does not operate INSPECTION ACTION :heck if strong blue spark is visible at disconnected iigh-tension lead while cranking engine :heck if "00" is displayed on Self Diagnosis Checker ~ith ignition switch ON page F-79 Sonnect data link connector terminals F/P and GND ~ith jumper wire and check for fuel pump operating sound with ignition switch ON page F-114 Yes - No - Yes No - Yes - No Go to Step 3 Go to Step 2 Check ignition system (Refer to Troubleshooting "Misfire") mf Section G Diagnostic Trouble Code No. displayed Check for cause (Refer to specified check sequence) page F-81 "88" flashes Check PCME terminal 1 E voltage ojg. page F-145 Specification: Battery positive voltage (Ignition switch ON) 0 If OK, replace PCME us? page F-143 Q If not OK, check wiring between PCME and Self-Diagno- sis Checker page F-7 Check if engine starts in this condition 0 If starts, check fuel pump relay f@ page F-117 r3 If does not start, go to Step 5 Go to Step 4 Gartner Banana

F TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE INSPECTION Check if battery positive voltage exists at fuel pump connector fuel pump positive terminal with jumper wire connected.(~tep 3 Check for fuel injector operating sound while crank- ing engine Check if battery positive voltage exists at fuel injector connector B terminal wire with ignition switch ON Connect data link connector terminals F/P and GND with jumper wire and check for correct fuel line pres- sure with ignition switch ON page F-110 Fuel Line pressure: 265--314 kPa f2.7-3.2 kgf/crn2, 38-46 psi) Check for correct engine compression Section B Engine compression: 1,255--883 kPa {12.&9.0 kgf/crn2, 182-1 28 psi)-300 rpm Check if spark plugs are OK WEAR AND CARBON BUILDUP BURNS PLUG GAP 1.0-l.lmm DAMAGE AND (0.040-0.043 in) DETERIORATION DAMAGE Try known good PCME and check if condition im- proves page F-144 - Yes - No Yes Yes - No Yes Yes - No - Yes ACTION Check continuity of fuel pump page F-114 Check fuel pump relay page F-117 Go to Step 7 Go to Step 6 Check PCME terminals 2A, 2U, 2V, 2Y and 22 voltages @3F page F-147 Check for open circuit in wiring between main relay and fuel injector page F-7 Go to next step Low pressure Check fuel line pressure while pinching fuel return hose 0 If fuel line pressure quickly increases, check pressure regulator page F-118 0 If fuel line pressure gradually increases, check for clog- ging between fuel pump and pressure regulator If not clogged, check fuel pump maximum pressure page F-115 Go to next step Check engine condition @3F Section B w Worn piston, piston rings or cylinder wall Defective cylinder head gasket w Distorted cylinder head Improper valve seating w Valve sticking in guide Go to next step Repair, clean, or replace Section G Gartner Banana

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 3 CRANKS NORMALLY BUT WILL NOT START (PARTIAL COMBUSTION) -WHEN ENGINE IS COLD Engine cranks at normal speed but shows partial combustion and will not continue to run IESCRIPTION Battery in normal condition Fuel in tank TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS] B AirIFue! mixture too rich Q Low engine compression Air cleaner element clogged D AirIFuel mixture too lean Fuel injection control malfunction (Correction for coolant temperature) Low fuel line pressure Air leakage of intake air system 1 INSPECTION ACTION :heck if "00" is displayed on Self-Diagnosis Checker ~ith ignition switch ON as page F-79 Sheck if strong blue spark is visible at each discon- iected high-tension lead while cranking engine Connect data link connector terminals F/P and GND with jumper wire and check for correct fuel line pres- sure with ignition switch ON E+T page F-110 Fuel Line pressure: 265--314 kPa I2.7-3.2 kgf/cm2, 38-46 psi) INSTALL CLAPS ' Yes Yes Yes - No - Go to next step Diagnostic Trouble Code No. displayed Check for cause (Refer to specified check sequence) page F-81 "88" flashes Check PCME terminal 1 E voltage @f page F-145 Specification: Battery positive voltage (Ignition switch ON) O If OK, replace PCME page F-143 L:, If not OK, check wiring between PCME and Self-Diagno- sis Checker page F-7 Go to next step Check ignition system (Refer to Troubleshooting "Misfire") Section G Go to next step Low pressure Check fuel line pressure while pinching fuel return hose If fuel line pressure quickly increases, check pressure regulator page F-118 o If fuel line pressure gradually increases, check for clog- ging between fuel pump and pressure regulator If not clogged, check fuel pump maximum pressure page F-115 High pressure Check if fuel return hose is clogged or restricted O If OK, replace pressure regulator page F-119 s If not OK, repair or replace Gartner Banana