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08-54411-01
Stabilizer bar link lower nut
Tightening torque: 110 ~ 130 Nm
Coil spring mounting nut
Tightening torque: 60 ~ 80 Nm
Stabilizer bar link upper nut
Tightening torque: 30 ~ 50 NmUpper arm (frame side) bolt/nut
Tightening torque: 110 ~ 130 Nm
Stabilizer bar clamp bolt
Tightening torque: 40 ~ 60 Nm
Lower arm (end yoke) bolt
Tightening torque: 70 ~ 80 Nm
Lower arm (shock absorber yoke side) nut
Tightening torque: 150 ~ 170 Nm
Lower arm (frame side) bolt/nut
Tightening torque: 210 ~ 230 Nm Top View ▶
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08-6
4. SYSTEM LAYOUT AND TIGHTENING TORQUE OF REAR
SUSPENSION
Lower arm (link)
Stabilizer bar link
Stabilizer bar
Shock absorber
Coil spring seat (upper side)Lateral rod
Axle housing Upper arm (link)Top View ▶
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Lateral rod
Tightening torque: 150 ~ 180 Nm
Shock absorber upper bolt/nut
Tightening torque: 30 ~ 45 Nm
Shock absorber lower bolt/nut
Tightening torque: 80 ~ 100 Nm
Upper arm bolt/nut
Tightening torque:150~180 Nm
Lower arm bolt/nut
Tightening torque: 150 ~ 180 NmStabilizer bar link lower
Tightening torque: 60 ~ 80 Nm
Stabilizer bar mounting bracket
Tightening torque: 40 ~ 60 Nm
Stabilizer bar link upper
Tightening torque: 30 ~ 45 Nm
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08-8
5. TROUBLESHOOTING
Problem Cause Action
Vehicle rollingBroken stabilizer bar Replace
Faulty shock absorber Replace
Abnormal noise.Loosening mounting Retighten
Damaged or worn wheel bearing Replace
Damaged shock absorber Replace
Damaged tire Replace
Poor ridingOver inflated tire Adjust pressure
Faulty shock absorber Replace
Loosened wheel nut Tighten as specified torque
Bent or broken coil spring Replace
Damaged tire Replace
Worn bushing Replace
Vehicle pulls to one sideDeformed arm assembly Replace
Worn bushing Replace
Bent or broken coil spring Replace
Hard steeringExcessive resistance of lower arm
ball jointReplace
Insufficient tire pressure Replace
Faulty power steering Replace
Unstable steering
Worn or loosened lower arm
bushingRetighten or replace
Vehicle bottoming
Worn or broken coil spring Replace
Vehicle height loweredOver loaded on the vehicle -
Defective shock absorber Replace
Defective coil spring Replace
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08-94411-01
Under View (4WD, Automatic Transmission)
Rear suspension
1. SUSPENSION
The suspension is the device to connect the axle and vehicle. It absorbs the vibrations and
impacts from road surface, which enhances the comforts, driving force, braking force and
drivability.
Front suspension
Page 646 of 828

08-10
2. FRONT SUSPENSION (DOUBLE WISHBONE)
Advantage ▶
The advantage of a double wishbone suspension is that it is fairly easy to work out the effect
of moving each joint, so the kinematics of the suspension can be tuned easily and wheel
motion can be optimized.
It is also easy to work out the loads that different parts will be subjected to which allows more
optimized lightweight parts to be designed.
They also provide increasing negative camber gain all the way to full jounce travel unlike the
MacPherson strut which provides negative camber gain only at the beginning of jounce travel
and then reverses into positive camber gain at high jounce amounts. 1.
2.
3.
Disadvantage ▶
The disadvantage is that it is slightly more complex than other systems like a MacPherson strut.
Due to the increased number of components within the suspension setup it takes much longer to
service and is heavier than an equivalent MacPherson design. 1.
2. Double wishbone suspension is an independent suspension design using two (occasionally parallel)
wishbone-shaped arms to locate the wheel. Each wishbone or arm has two mounting points to the
chassis and one joint at the knuckle. The shock absorber and coil spring mount to the wishbones to
control vertical movement. Double wishbone designs allow the engineer to carefully control the
motion of the wheel throughout suspension travel, controlling such parameters as camber angle,
caster angle, toe pattern, roll center height, scrub radius, scuff and more.
Lower arm Upper arm Shock absorber Stabilizer
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3. REAR SUSPENSION (MULTI LINK TYPE)
Multi-link (5-Link) type suspension is the independent suspension. It provides good ride comfort
and drivability by reducing the coil spring weight. Also, it increases the space for passenger
compartment by lowering the floor. This type of suspension consists of multiple links such as coil
spring, shock absorber, upper and lower arms, lateral rod and stabilizer bar.
Shock absorber Stabilizer bar Rear coil spring
Lower arm Upper arm Lateral rod
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08-12
4. WHEEL ALIGNMENT
The front wheels have specific angle to allow control of the steering wheel with less effort, ensure
driving stability, improve steering wheel restoration and steering performance, and minimize the
tires wear.
1) Toe-in
The difference of measured distances between the front ends of the tires (A) and the rear ends of
the tires (B) along the same axle when viewed the wheels from the top
Toe-in
2 ± 2 mm (0~4 mm)
When viewed from the top, the distance between the tire centers is smaller in the front than in
the rear. ▶
Side slip protection
Parallel front wheels rotation (straight ahead driving is ensured by toe-in to prevent the wheels
from tilting outwards by the camber while driving)
Prevention of uneven (outward) tire wear
Prevention of toe-out from wearing of steering linkage -
-
-
-
Front