2006 LAND ROVER FRELANDER 2 torque

T ransmission Selector Lever PositionClutchBrakeO ne-Way clutch
C1C2C3B1B2F1
D6t h Gear-X-X--X = Operat ing
The planetary gear t rai ns are i n t he fol lowing condit ions :
Front planetary gear t rai n- Input : -- Locked: -- Out put : -
Rear pl anet ary gear t rain- Input : Carrier- Locked: Middle sun gear- Out put : Ring gear
Front Planetary Gear Train
The input s haft rot ates i n a cl ockwis e di recti on, driven by t he torque convert er. The int ermedi at e s haft rotat es cl ockwi se int he same direct ion as t he t orque convert er. Cl utch (C2) locks t he i nt ermedi ate s haft t o t he rear pl anet ary carrier.
Rear Pl anet ary Gear Trai n
The planetary carri er rot at es clockwi s e in the s ame di recti on as t he int ermediat e s haft . The pl anet ary long pinion gearrot ates clockwis e on i ts axi s and orbi t. The rot ati onal s peed of the middle sun gear increas es wit h i nput s haft s peedbecaus e it is l ocked.
The planetary ri ng gear rotat es in a clockwi s e direct ion. The s peed of t he ri ng gear is fast er than t he planetary carri erbecaus e t he long pini on gear's rotat ion i s combined wi th t he planet ary carrier's s peed. The count er drive gear rot ates i n aclockwi s e direct ion wi th the ring gear.
The count er driven gear is rotat ed in a count er-cl ockwis e di recti on which i n t urn drives the di fferenti al ri ng gear i n aclockwi s e direct ion.
• NOTE: Engine braking is avail abl e when t hi s gear is s elected.
Power Flow - Reverse Gear
Solenoid OperationT ransmission Selector Lever PositionSolenoid
SLC 1SLC 2SLC 3SLB 1S1S2
RRevers e Gear - Less than 11 volt sXX-X--RRevers e Gear - More than 11 vol tsXXXX--
X = Operat ing
C lutch and Brake Operation
T ransmission Selector Lever PositionClutchBrakeO ne-Way clutchC1C2C3B1B2F1
RReverse Gear - Les s t han 11 vol ts-X-X--
RReverse Gear - More t han 11 volt s----X-X = Operat ing
The planetary gear t rai ns are i n t he fol lowing condit ions :
Front planetary gear t rai n- Input : Ring gear- Locked: Sun gear- Out put : Carrier
Rear pl anet ary gear t rain- Input : Middle sun gear- Locked: Carrier- Out put : Ring gear
Front Planetary Gear Train
The input s haft rot ates i n a cl ockwis e di recti on, driven by t he torque convert er. The planetary ri ng gear rotat es clockwi s ewit h t he i nput s haft .
The pinion gear rot ates cl ockwis e on it s axi s and orbi t. The pl anet ary s un gear is locked by t he fl uid pump which caus es i tt o pres s agains t the pl anet ary ring gear and orbit the s un gear, rotat ing on i ts axis. The pl anet ary carrier rot ates clockwis ewit h t he pini on gear orbi t.
Clut ch (C3) i s act ivated and rot at es clockwi s e and locks the pl anet ary carrier t o t he rear planetary mi ddl e s un gear.
Rear Pl anet ary Gear Trai n
The mi ddl e s un gear rotat es clockwi se wit h t he clutch (C3), but at a l ower speed t han the i nput s haft . Brake (B2) isact ivat ed and locks the pl anet ary carrier. The long pini on gear rotat es counter-clockwis e whi ch in t urn rotat es t he ri ng gearcount er-cl ockwis e.
The count er drive gear rot ates i n a counter-clockwi s e direct ion wi th the ring gear at t he s ame s peed.
The count er driven gear is rotat ed in a clockwi s e direct ion whi ch in t urn drives t he different ial ri ng gear in a counter-clockwi s e direct ion.

• NOTE: Engine braking is avail abl e when t hi s gear is s elected.
Power Flow Neutral
Solenoid Operation
T ransmission Selector Lever PositionSolenoid
SLC 1SLC 2SLC 3SLB 1S1S2NNeutralXXXX--
X = Operat ing
C lutch and Brake OperationT ransmission Selector Lever PositionClutchBrakeO ne-Way clutch
C1C2C3B1B2F1
RRevers e Gear------X = Operat ing
In neut ral , all the sol enoi ds , except t he 3 way s olenoids , are energi s ed and the cl ut ches and brakes are all di sengaged.This al lows rot ati on from the i nput s haft t o rotat e t he front pl anet ary gear train wit hout t rans ferring any drive t o t hedifferent ial ri ng gear.
TRANSMISSION CONTROL MODULE (TCM)
ItemPart NumberDescription1-TCM
2-'Neutral 'N' pos it ion
3-Park 'P' posi ti on4-Pos it ion sens or/manual s haft
5-El ect ri cal connector
The TCM i s located on the t op of t he trans mi s si on cas i ng and is connect ed on t he high s peed CAN bus t o s end and receiveinformat ion t o and from other s ys t em modules .
The TCM out put s s ignals t o operat e t he transmis si on s olenoid valves t o cont rol t he hydraulic operat ion of t het ransmis s ion.
The ECM s upplies t he engine management dat a on t he high speed CAN bus s ys tem. The TCM requires engi ne dat a t oefficient ly control t he t rans mis s ion operat ion, usi ng for example; cranks haft torque, engine s peed, accel erat or pedal angl e,engi ne t emperature etc.
The TCM proces ses si gnal s from t he t rans mis s ion s peed and t emperature s ens ors , ECM and ot her vehicl e s ys t ems . Fromt he received s ignal i nput s and pre-programmed data, t he module calculat es the correct gear, t orque converter clut chs ett ing and opt imum pres sure s ett ings for gear s hift and lock-up clut ch control.
The s teeri ng angle s ensor and t he ABS module als o s uppl y data to t he TCM on the hi gh s peed CAN bus sys t em. The TCMus es dat a from thes e s yst ems t o s us pend gear changes when t he vehi cl e is cornering and/or t he Anti -l ock Brake Syst em(ABS) module is controll ing braking or t ract ion control .
The TCM i s posi ti oned over t he manual s haft whi ch protrudes through an oi l seal on the t op face of the main cas ing. Thes haft locates i n a rotary posi ti on s ens or and t urns t he sens or in t he appropri ate directi on when a s electi on is made us ingt he sel ect or lever. The rot ary pos it ion s ens or i s a Hal l effect s ens or which out put s a s pecifi ed volt age relat ing t o t hes elect ed s elector l ever posi ti on.
The s elect or lever is connect ed to the aut omati c transmis si on and t he rot ary pos it ion s ensor i n t he transmis si on by aBowden cabl e. Movement of the s elect or l ever moves t he posi ti on s wit ch vi a t he Bowden cabl e and the swi tch pos it ioninforms the TCM of t he s elected pos it ion; P, R, N or D. The s port and manual +/- 'CommandShi ft ™' s wit ch pas s es s port ormanual s elect ions to the TCM on a Local Interconnect Net work (LIN) bus . The TCM out put s appropri at e i nformati on on thehigh s peed CAN bus whi ch is received by t he i ns t rument clus ter t o dis play t he gear sel ect ion i nformati on in t he mes s agecent er.

SymbolDescription
44th gear s elected ('CommandShift™ 'mode)
55th gear s elected ('CommandShift™ 'mode)66th gear s elected ('CommandShift™ 'mode)
SPORTSport mode s elected
Message Center Display
The mes s age center i s located bel ow t he speedometer and t he tachometer at t he bot t om of t he ins trument cl ust er. Themes s age center i s a Liqui d Crys tal Di spl ay (LCD) t o rel ay vehi cl e s tat us informat ion t o t he dri ver.For addit ional informat ion, refer t o: Informat ion and Mes s age Cent er (413-08 Informat ion and Mes s age Cent er, Des cript ionand Operat ion).
CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK (CAN)
The high s peed CAN broadcast bus net work i s us ed to connect t he powert rai n modules . The CAN bus is connect ed betweent he foll owing el ect ronic uni ts :
High Speed CAN Bus
TCMIns t rument clus terSteering angle s ens orRest rai nts control modul eEngi ne Control Module (ECM)ABS moduleAdapt ive Front l ight ing Syst em (AFS) cont rol moduleDiagnost ic socket .
The CAN bus all ows a fast exchange of dat a between modules . The CAN bus compri ses two wires which are identi fied asCAN hi gh (H) and CAN low (L). The t wo wires are colored yel low/bl ack (H) and yell ow/brown (L) and are twi s ted t oget her tomi ni mi se el ect romagneti c int erference (nois e) produced by the CAN bus mes sages .For addit ional informat ion, refer t o: Communicati ons Net work (418-00 Modul e Communicati ons Net work, Des cript ion andOperat ion).
In the event of CAN bus fai lure, t he fol lowi ng s ympt oms may be obs erved:
Trans mis s ion operat es in default modeTorque converter lock-up clut ch cont rol is dis abl edGear pos it ion indicati on in ins trument cl us t er LCD inoperati ve (t his will al so occur wit h any t rans mis s ion faul t).
DRIVING MODES
A number of different dri ving modes are avai lable. Some can be s elected by the driver and some are aut omati cal ly i nit iatedby t he TCM t o adapt t o di fferent drivi ng condit ions .
NormalSportManual 'CommandShift ™'CoolingHil l Descent Cont rol (HDC)Crui seLimp homeCoastFast off recogni ti onUphill and TrailerDownhillW i de Throt tl eTerrai n Res pons eRevers e lock-out
Normal
Normal mode is automat icall y s elect ed by t he TCM when t he i gni ti on is swi tched on. In this mode all automat ic andadapt ive modes are acti ve. Normal mode uses gear s hi ft and l ock-up maps which provi de the opt imum of fuelcons umpt ion, emis s ions and dri veabil it y, depending on t he dri ving s tyl e.
If the t rans mis s ion is operat ed in sport mode or 'CommandShi ft ™' mode and t he s elector lever is moved back t o t he drive'D' pos it ion, then normal mode operat ion is resumed.
Sport
Sport mode provi des enhanced accelerat ion and respons ivenes s by t he us e of s ports shi ft maps . This mode al lows t het ransmis s ion t o down s hift more readil y and hol d gears for longer at hi gher engine speeds .
Manual 'CommandShift™'
Manual 'CommandShift ' mode al lows t he t rans mis s ion t o operat e as a semi -aut omati c trans mi s si on. The driver can changeup and down t he s ix forward gears wi th the freedom of a manual t rans mis s ion.
Shift maps are provi ded to protect t he engi ne at high s peeds . The TCM wi ll automat icall y change up t o a higher gear rat iot o prevent engine overspeed and change down to a lower gear rati o t o avoi d engine l aboring and s t al li ng.
W hen ki ck-down is reques ted the TCM shi ft s down t o t he lowes t avai lable gear. W hen the vehicl e is st ati onary, t he drivercan s el ect 1s t , 2nd or 3rd t o s tart off.

W hen movi ng from a st andst il l, ups hi ft s can be pre-s el ect ed by making '+' s el ect ions wi th the s elect or l ever for thenumber of ups hifts requi red. The TCM t hen performs t he reques ted number of upshi ft s when appropri at e s hift points arereached. For exampl e; when moving off in 1s t gear, if 3 '+' s elect ions are made i n quick s ucces si on, t he TCM willautomat ically ups hift t hrough the gears to 4t h gear as t he vehi cl e accelerates , wit hout any furt her s electi ons bei ng made.
Cooling
Cooling mode is act ivated when t he TCM det ect s exces s ively hi gh trans mi s si on fl uid or engine coolant temperatures . W hent hi s mode i s act ive torque converter l ock-up is acti vat ed earl ier t o mi ni mi ze a further ris e in fl uid and/or engine coolantt emperature and ass i st flui d cool ing.
Hill Descent Control (HDC)
The HDC mode as s is t s t he ABS module i n cont rol li ng the downhil l speed of t he vehi cl e. W hen HDC i s acti ve, t he TCMs elect s t he mos t appropri at e gear for t he descent to maxi mi ze engi ne braking.
Maximum engi ne braking i s applied us i ng a s hift map which i nit iat es later ups hift s and earl y downshi ft s .
Cruise
W hen s peed cont rol i s act ivated, t he TCM receives a speed control acti ve mes s age on the hi gh s peed CAN bus . The TCMact ivat es a s peed cont rol map whi ch minimizes up and down s hifts .
Crui se mode is act ive when s peed cont rol is sel ect ed on and t he transmis s ion i s in drive 'D', s port 'S', HDC or Terrai nRespons e Gras s /gravel /s now program. Unique cruis e maps overri de the current mode t o provide a smoot h driving feel andmode resel ect ion.
Limp Home
If a transmis s ion faul t is det ect ed by t he TCM, the TCM adopt s a l imp home s trategy and a mes s age 'TRANSMISSIONFAULT LIMITED GEARS AVAILABLE' i s dis played in the mes s age cent er. If the fault has an effect on engi ne emis s ions , theMIL in the i nst rument clus t er wi ll als o be il luminat ed.
In li mp home mode, P, R and N functi ons operate normall y (i f the fault al lows t hes e s elect ions) and t he TCM locks t het ransmis s ion i n 3rd gear t o all ow t he dri ver t o t ake the vehicle to a Land Rover deal er or approved repai rer. Torqueconvert er lock-up i s dis abled and reverse-lock-out wil l not funct ion.
If the vehicle is s t opped and s ubsequentl y res tarted in t he li mp home mode condi ti on, t he TCM operat es normall y unti l thefaul t which caus ed t he condi ti on is det ect ed agai n.
Coast
Coast mode provides earli er downs hifts during coast ing dependant on out put shaft decelerat ion rate to improve driveabili tyand refinement by avoi ding negati ve to pos it ive driveli ne torque revers als t rans mi ssion during t he downshi ft s .
Fast Off Recognition
Fast off recogni ti on is act ivated when t he TCM det ect s t hat t he dri ver has releas ed the accel erat or pedal qui ckl y. This isdetected by the TCM monit oring for a high level of negat ive pedal angl e from ECM s ignals on t he high speed CAN bus . Ift hi s condi ti on is det ect ed, t he TCM hol ds the current gear rati o to allow the driver t o compl ete the manoeuvre wi thout t heneed for a downs hift. The mode can remain acti ve for a predet ermined lengt h of ti me or i f the driving s t yl e remainspass i ve.
Fast off recogni ti on mode as si s ts vehicle st abili ty and is us ed i n conjunct ion a lateral accel erat ion i nput duri ng corneri ng tomaint ain t he current gear unti l the corner is negot iated.
Uphill and Trailer
Uphill and t rai ler mode can be acti ve when the trans mi s si on is operat ing in normal, s port or Terrai n Res pons e modes .W hen t he vehicle i s pull ing a t rai ler or dri vi ng up an i ncl ine, the TCM det ects t he i ncreas ed res i st ance by monit oring enginet orque and s peed s i gnal s received from the ECM on the hi gh s peed CAN bus and als o t rans mis s ion out put s haft s peeds ens or s ignals . Uphi ll and t rai ler mode wi ll provide downs hift s t o prevent a drop in t rans mi ss i on torque out put andmaint ain driving force.
Downhill
Downhill mode can be act ive when t he t ransmis s ion i s operati ng in normal, s port or Terrain Res pons e modes . W hen t hevehi cl e i s descendi ng an i ncl ine t he TCM detect s a reducti on in res is t ance by moni toring engine t orque and s peed si gnal sreceived from the ECM on t he high s peed CAN bus and als o t rans mis s ion out put shaft speed s ensor s ignals . Downhill modeas si st s engine braki ng by s elect ing an appropriat e gear reduci ng the load required on t he brakes .
Wide Throttle
W i de open thrott le mode operates for part thrott le ups hifts and ki ck-down ups hifts . It provides cons i st ent wide opent hrott le ups hift performance under all driving condit ions. The full engine s peed range is used i n all driving modes ; normal ,s port, hi ll modes and Commands hi ft . Compens at ion i s used for delays (hydrauli c and electroni c) in gear change reques t togear change s tart to provi de s mooth changes and correct shi ft point correct ion.
Terrain Response
The Terrai n Res pons e s ys tem has a unique s et of shi ft maps for each of t he Terrai n Res pons e programs . Thes e programsoverri de exis ti ng modes; for exampl e when HDC is acti ve and the 'Sand', 'Mud and Ruts ' or 'Grass /Gravel/Snow' programsare sel ect ed, a specific Terrain Res ponse map is used, not the HDC mode s hift map detai led previ ous ly.

Reverse Lock-Out
If the s elector l ever is moved from N to R and t he vehi cl e i s travel li ng forwards , revers e s electi on is prevent ed if t hevehi cl e s peed is 11 km/h (6.8 mph) or more. W hen revers e lock-out is act ivated, t he cl utch (C3) is released wit houtenergizing sol enoid (SLC3), preventi ng t he transmis si on from sel ect ing reverse gear.
TRANSMISSION FAULT STATUS
If the TCM det ect s a fault wi th the t rans mi ss ion sys tem, it wi ll enter a defaul t (l imp home) mode to prevent furt herdamage to the trans mi ss i on and allow the vehicl e to be dri ven. If pos s ibl e revers e gear wil l be avai lable and al s o 3rd gearonly.
W hen a fault i s detected a high s peed CAN mes s age is s ent from the TCM and is recei ved by the i nst rument clus ter. Theins t rument clus ter il lumi nat es t he MIL (i f required) and di spl ays an appl icabl e mes sage in t he mes s age cent er.For addit ional informat ion, refer t o: Informat ion and Mes s age Cent er (413-08 Informat ion and Mes s age Cent er, Des cript ionand Operat ion).
Some t rans mis s ion fault s may not il lumi nat e t he MIL or dis play a fault mes s age, but t he driver may not ice a reduct ion i ns hift quali ty.
ENGINE SPEED AND TORQUE MONITORING
The ECM const antl y s uppl ies t he TCM wi th informati on on engine s peed and torque through mes s ages on the CAN bus. TheTCM us es t hi s informat ion t o calculat e the correct and appropriat e t imi ng of shi ft changes .
If the mes s ages are not received by t he ECM, the TCM wil l impl ement a back-up st rat egy to prot ect t he transmis s ion fromdamage and all ow t he vehi cl e t o be dri ven.
In the event of an engi ne s peed or t orque s i gnal fai lure, t he t rans mis s ion wi ll adopt the el ect ri cal li mp home mode wit ht he trans mi s si on operati ng in a fixed gear.
TOWING FOR RECOVERY
W ARNING: Ens ure that t he remot e hands et remains docked whi ls t the vehicl e is bei ng towed. Removing t he remot ehands et wil l engage t he s teering l ock, which wi ll prevent the vehicle from s t eering correct ly.
If the engine cannot be run whi ls t the vehicl e is bei ng towed, t here wi ll be no power ass i st ance for the st eeri ng or brakes .This wi ll res ult in great er effort being requi red t o s t eer or s low the vehicle, and great ly i ncreas ed s t oppi ng dis tances.
CAUTION: The vehicle s hould only be towed wit h four wheels on the ground. Towing wi th two wheel s on t he groundwil l res ult i n s erious damage t o t he t ransmis s ion.
The vehi cl e s houl d only be towed for a maximum of 80 km (50 miles ), at a maximum s peed of 80 km/h (50 mph). Towi ngfor a greater dis t ance, or at a higher speed may res ul t in serious damage t o t he trans mi s si on.
• NOTE: The recommended recovery met hod is by trailer or recovery vehicle.
Secure t he towi ng att achment from the recovery vehicl e to the front t owing eye.
Ins ert the remote hands et in t he s tart cont rol module and swi tch on the i gni ti on by pres s ing t he s tart/s top but ton once.
• NOTE: Leavi ng the ignit ion s wit ched on for extended peri ods will cause the bat tery t o drain.
Apply t he foot brake, and move t he s el ect or lever to the neutral 'N' pos i ti on. W it h t he foot brake s ti ll appl ied, rel eas e t hepark brake. If elect rical power t o the sel ect or is not avai lable, t he emergency releas e l ever on t he s elect or lever can beus ed to releas e t he int erlock s olenoid.
The vehi cl e can be t owed a maximum of 80 km (50 mil es ) at a maxi mum speed of 80 km/h (50 mph).
Park t he vehicle on firm, l evel ground. Appl y the park brake and move t he s elector lever t o the park 'P' posi ti on.
Swit ch off t he ignit ion and remove t he remot e handset .
CAUTION: The vehicle cannot be towed i n a revers e direct ion.

Publi s hed: 11-May-2011
Automatic Transmission/Transaxle - Torque Converter SealI6 3.2L Petrol
Removal and Inst all ati on
Special T ool(s) 307-597
Inst all er, Torque Converter Seal 307-613
Hol di ng Pins , Torque Converter
Removal 1. W ARNING: Make sure t o s upport the vehicle wit h axle
s tands .
Rais e and s upport t he vehi cl e.
1.
Remove t he cover and dis connect the bat tery ground cabl e.
Refer t o: Specificati ons (414-00 Bat tery and Charging Sys tem -
General Informat ion, Specificati ons).
2.
Remove t he transmis si on and convert er.
Refer t o: Transmis s ion - I6 3.2L Pet rol (307-01 Automat ic
Trans mi ss ion/Transaxle, Removal).
3.
Remove t he torque convert er retai ner.
4. 5.
CAUTIONS: Be prepared t o collect es caping oi l.
Make s ure that all openings are sealed.
Remove t he torque convert er.
Speci al Tool (s ): 307-613 5.

Carefully remove and dis card t he t orque converter fl uid
s eal.
6.
Installation 1.
CAUTIONS: Ext reme cl eanli ness must be exerci sed when
handl ing t his component . Make s ure that t he mat ing faces are clean and
free of foreign mat eri al.
Inst all a new torque convert er flui d s eal .
Speci al Tool (s ): 307-597 1.
2.
CAUTIONS: Make s ure that t he mat ing faces are clean and
free of foreign mat eri al. Take extra care when handli ng the component.
Al ign t he t orque convert er and oil pump drive
before ins t al li ng the torque converter.
W hi le ins tall ing t he t orque convert er, carefully
rot ate the torque converter unt il the oi l pump
dri ve engages .
Speci al Tool (s ): 307-613 2.
Inst all t he torque convert er retai ner.
3.
Inst all t he transmis si on and convert er.
Refer t o: Transmis s ion - I6 3.2L Pet rol (307-01 Automat ic
Trans mi ss ion/Transaxle, Removal).
4.
Connect t he batt ery ground cable and ins tall t he cover.
5.

Publi s hed: 11-May-2011
Automatic Transmission/Transaxle - Torque Converter SealTD4 2.2L Diesel
Removal and Inst all ati on
Special T ool(s) 307-597
Inst all er, Torque Converter Seal 307-613
Hol di ng Pins , Torque Converter
Removal 1. W ARNING: Make sure t o s upport the vehicle wit h axle
s tands .
Rais e and s upport t he vehi cl e.
1.
Remove t he cover and dis connect the bat tery ground cabl e.
Refer t o: Specificati ons (414-00 Bat tery and Charging Sys tem -
General Informat ion, Specificati ons).
2.
Remove t he transmis si on and convert er.
Refer t o: Transmis s ion - TD4 2.2L Dies el (307-01 Aut omati c
Trans mi ss ion/Transaxle, Inst all ati on).
3.
Remove t he torque convert er retai ner.
4. 5.
CAUTIONS: Be prepared t o collect es caping oi l.
Make s ure that all openings are sealed.
Remove t he torque convert er.
Speci al Tool (s ): 307-613 5.