1995 NISSAN ALMERA N15 check engine

ON-BOARDDIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMDESCRIPTION
CONSULT (Cont'd)

FUNCTION TEST
CONDITION JUDGEMENTCHECKITEM(REMEDY)
ITEM
•After warming up,idle the
engine .
• Injector operation ofeach •Injector circuit(Injector,
cylinder isstopped one harnessorconnector)
after another, andresult-
Difference inengine speedisgreater •
Ignition circuit(Spark
POWER BALANCE ant
change inengine rota-
than25rpm before andafter cutting off plug,
power transistor,
lion isexamined toevalu-
theinjector ofeach cylinder. ignition
coil,harness or
ate combustion ofeach connector)
cylinder. (Thisisonly dis- •Compression
played formodels wherea •
Valve timing
sequential multiportfuel
injection systemisused.)
• After warming up,idle the
•Harness andconnector
engine. •IACV-AAC valve
• IACV-AAC valvesystem is
Difference inengine speedisgreater •
Air passage restriction
IACV-AACIV testedbydetecting change
than150rpm between whenvalveopen- betweenairinlet and
SYSTEM inengine speedwhen
ingisat 80% andat20%. IACV-AACvalve
IACV-AAC valveopening
•IAS (Idle adjusting screw)
is changed to0%, 20%
and 80%. adjustment

EC-56

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
Sensors
~ ECMActuators
~~.~ MEF036D
SEF234G Introduction

The engine hasanECM tocontrol majorsystems suchasfuel
control, ignitioncontrol, idleaircontrol system, etc.The ECM
accepts inputsignals fromsensors andinstantly drivesactua-
tors. Itis essential thatboth input andoutput signals areproper
and stable. Atthe same time,itis important thatthere areno
problems suchasvacuum leaks,fouled sparkplugs, orother
problems withtheengine.
It is much moredifficult todiagnose aproblem thatoccurs
intermittently ratherthancontinuously. Mostintermittent prob-
lems arecaused bypoor electric connections orimproper wir-
ing. Inthis case, careful checking ofsuspected circuitsmay
help prevent thereplacement ofgood parts.
A visual checkonlymaynotfind thecause ofthe problems. A
road testwith CONSULT oracircuit testerconnected shouldbe
performed. Followthe"Work Flow"onthe next page.
Before undertaking actualchecks, takejustafew minutes to
talk with acustomer whoapproaches withadriveability com-
plaint. Thecustomer cansupply goodinformation aboutsuch
problems, especially intermittent ones.Findoutwhat symptoms
are present andunder whatconditions theyoccur. A"Diagnos-
tic Worksheet" liketheexample onEC-61 should beused.
Start yourdiagnosis bylooking for"conventional" problems
first. Thiswillhelp troubleshoot driveabilityproblemsonan
electronically controlledenginevehicle.

EC-58

STEP
STEP I
STEP II
STEP III
STEP IV
STEP V
STEP VI
STEP VII
TROUBLE
DIAGNOSIS -General oescrip_ti_on
I_G_A_'

Description forWork Flow

DESCRIPTION
Get detailed information abouttheconditions andtheenvironment whentheincident/symptom occurred
using the"DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET" asshown onthe next page.
Before confirming theconcern, checkandwrite down (printoutusing CONSULT) theDiagnostic Trouble
Code (DTC), thenerase thecode. TheDTC canbeused when duplicating theincident atSTEP III
&
IV.
Study therelationship betweenthecause, specified byDTC, andthesymptom described bythe customer.
(The "Symptom MatrixChart" willbeuseful. RefertoEC-72.)
Try toconfirm thesymptom andunder whatconditions theincident occurs.
The "DIAGNOSTIC WORKSHEET" isuseful toverify theincident. ConnectCONSULT tothe vehicle inDATA
MONITOR (AUTOTRIG)modeandcheck realtime diagnosis results.
If the incident cannotbeverified, performINCIDENT SIMULATION TESTS.RefertoGI section.
If the malfunction codeisdetected, skipSTEP IVand perform STEPV.
Try todetect theDiagnostic TroubleCode(DTC) bydriving in(or performing) the"DTC CONFIRMATION
PROCEDURE". Checkandread theDTC byusing CONSULT.
During theDTC verification, besure toconnect CONSULT tothe vehicle inDATA MONITOR (AUTOTRIG)
mode andcheck realtime diagnosis results.

If
the incident cannotbeverified, performINCIDENT SIMULATION TESTS.RefertoGI section.
In case the"DTC CONFIRMATION PROCEDURE"isnot available, performthe"OVERALL FUNCTION
CHECK" instead.TheDTC cannot bedisplayed bythis check, however, thissimplified "check"isan effec-
tive alternative.
The "NG" result ofthe "OVERALL FUNCTIONCHECK"isthe same asthe DTC detection.
Take theappropriate actionbasedonthe results ofSTEP Ithrough IV.
If the malfunction codeisindicated, proceedtoTROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTCXX.
If the normal codeisindicated, proceedtothe BASIC INSPECTION. RefertoEC-65. Thenperform inspec-
tions according tothe Symptom MatrixChart.RefertoEC-72.
Identify wheretobegin diagnosis basedonthe relationship studybetween symptom andpossible causes.
Inspect thesystem formechanical binding,looseconnectors orwiring damage using(tracing) "Harness
Layouts".
Gently shaketherelated connectors, components orwiring harness withCONSULT setin"DATA MONITOR
(AUTO TRIG)" mode.
Check thevoltage ofthe related ECMterminals ormonitor theoutput datafrom therelated sensors with
CONSULT. RefertoEC-74.
The "DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE" inEC section contains adescription basedonopen circuit inspection. A
short circuit inspection isalso required forthe circuit checkinthe DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE. Fordetails,
refer toGI section ("HOWTOPERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSIS FORANELECTRICAL INCIDENT","Circuit
Inspection' ').
Repair orreplace themalfunction parts.
Once youhave repaired thecircuit orreplaced acomponent, youneed torun theengine inthe same condi-
tions andcircumstances whichresulted inthe customer's initialcomplaint.
Perform the"DTC CONFIRMATION PROCEDURE"andconfirm thenormal code(Diagnostic troublecodeNo.
55) isdetected. Ifthe incident isstill detected inthe final check, perform STEPVIby using adifferent
method fromtheprevious one.
Before returning thevehicle tothe customer, besure toerase theunnecessary (alreadyfixed)DTCinECM.
Refer toEC-46.

EC-60

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
Diagnostic TroubleCode(DTC) Chart
ENGINE RELATED ITEMS

Detected items
Diagnostic
trouble code
(ScreentermsforCONSULT, Malfunction
isdetected when...
No. "SELF-DIAG RESULTS"mode)
11 Camshaftpositionsensorcircuit
•Either
l'
or 180' signal isnot detected bythe ECM forthe first few
(CAMSHAFT POSISEN)
secondsduringengine cranking .
• Either
l'
or 180' signal isnot detected bythe ECM often enough
while theengine speedishigher thanthespecified rpm.
• The relation between
l'
and 180' signals isnot inthe normal range
during thespecified rpm.
12 Massairflow sensor circuit
•An excessively highorlow voltage isentered toECM.
(MASS AIRFLOW SEN) •Voltage senttoECM isnot practical whencompared withthecam-
shaft position sensorsignalandthrottle position sensorsignal.
13 Enginecoolant temperature sen-•An excessively highorlow voltage fromthesensor isdetected by
sor circuit
theECM.
(COOLANT TEMPSEN)
21 Ignitionsignalcircuit
•The ignition signalinthe primary circuitisnot detected bythe ECM
(IGN SIGNAL-PRIMARY)
duringengine cranking orrunning .
28*1 OVERHEAT •The engine coolant temperature sensoroutputvoltage isbelow
0.35V .
34"2 Knocksensor circuit •An excessively loworhigh voltage fromthesensor isdetected by
(KNOCK SENSOR) theECM.
41 *3 Intakeairtemperature sensorcir-•An excessively highorlow voltage fromthesensor isdetected by
cuit theECM.
(INT AIRTEMP SEN) •Voltage senttoECM isnot practical whencompared withtheengine
coolant temperature sensorsignal.

55
Nofailure •No malfunction isdetected bythe ECM.
(NO SELF DIAGNOSTIC FAILURE
INDICATED ...)
"1: Except forAustralia
*2: Except forEurope andIsrael
"3: For Australia
*4: This isQuick Reference of"DTC CONFIRMATION PROCEDURE".
Details aredescribed ineach TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTCXX
Abbreviations areasfollows:
IGN: ON :Turning theignition switchONisrequired forthe ECM todetect amalfunction (ifone exists).
RUNNING: Runningengineisrequired forthe ECM todetect amalfunction (ifone exists).
*5: •The "OVERALL FUNCTIONCHECK"isasimplified andeffective waytoinspect acomponent orcircuit.
In some cases, the"OVERALL FUNCTIONCHECK"isused rather thana"DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLECODECONFIRMA-
TION PROCEDURE".
When noDTC CONFIRMATION PROCEDUREisavailable, the"NG" result ofthe OVERALL FUNCTION CHECKcanbe
considered tomean thesame asaDTC detection .
• During an"NG" OVERALL FUNCTION CHECK,theDTC might notbeconfirmed.

EC-62

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
mJ

Diagnostic TroubleCode(DTC) Chart(Cont'd)

X:Applicable
-: Not applicable
"DTC *4
*5
Check Items CONFIRMATION
"OVERALLFUNC-Fail ReferencePage
(Possible Cause) PROCEDURE"
TIONCHECK" Safe
Quick Ref. QuickRef. System
• Harness orconnectors
(The sensor circuitisopen orshorted.)
• Camshaft positionsensor
RUNNING EC-94

-
-

• Starter motor
• Starting systemcircuit(ELsection)
• Dead (Weak) battery
• Harness orconnectors
.

(The sensor circuitisopen orshorted.) RUNNING
RUNNING
X
EC-101
• Mass airflow sensor
• Harness orconnectors
(The sensor circuitisopen orshorted.) IGN:ON
-

X
EC-108
• Engine coolant temperature sensor
• Harness orconnectors
(The ignition primary circuitisopen orshorted.)
• Power transistor unit RUNNING
-
-
EC-113
• Camshaft positionsensor
• Camshaft positionsensorcircuit
• Harness orconnector IGN:
ON
EC-108

- -

• Engine coolant temperature sensor (after
warming up)
• Harness orconnectors
(The sensor circuitisopen orshorted.) RUNNING
-
-
EC-119
• Knock sensor
• Harness orconnectors
(The sensor circuitisopen orshorted.)
IGN:ON
-
-
EC-124
• Intake airtemperature sensor
• No failure

----

EC-63
•

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description

Goto
(J.

Adjust ignition timingby
turning distributor.

No
NG

(Go to
@
onnext page.)

OK
CONNECT
CONSULTTOTHE VEHICLE.

Connect "CONSULT" tothe data link
connector forCONSULT andselect
"ENGINE" fromthemenu. Referto

EC-36
DOES ENGINE START?
BEFORE
STARTING

1. Check service records forany recent
repairs thatmay indicate arelated •
problem, orthe current needfor
scheduled maintenance.
2. 9pen engine hoodandcheck thefol.
lowing:
• Harness connectors forimproper con-
nections
• Vacuum hosesforsplits, kinks,or
improper connections
• Wiring forimproper connections,
pinches, orcuts

CHECK IGNITION TIMING.

1. Warm upengine sufficiently.
2. Stop engine anddisconnect throttle
position sensorharness connector.
3. Start engine.
4. Check ignition timingatidle using
timing light.

Ignition liming:

Refer toEC-36.
Basic
Inspection
Precaution:
Perform BasicInspection withoutelectrical or
mechanical loads

applied;
• Headlamp switchisOFF,
• Air conditioner switchisOFF,
• Rear defogger switchisOFF,
• Steering wheelisin the straight-ahead position,etc.

m

\\

~
~ SEF1421

~use box

~-~

vll-JI-
Datalinkconnector~'

EC-65

@

(Go tonext page)

(;]

1

CHECK IDLEADJ. SCREW INITIALSET
NG
Adjust engine speedby

~
RPM.
turning
idleadjusting

Base idlespeed: RefertoEC-36.
screw.

II
t
K

CHECK THROTTLE POSITIONSENSOR
NG
Adjust output
voltage
to

~
IDLE POSITION.
0.50

:l:
0.1V byrotating

00
1.
Perform ''THRTlPOSSEN throttle
position sensor
ADJ" in"WORK SUPPORT" body.
mode.
2. Check thatoutput
voltage
of
throttle position sensoris
approx. 0.35to0.65V (Throttle

valve
fullycloses.) and"ClSD
THlIP SW"stays "ON".
OR

00
Measure
output
voltage
ofthrot-
tle position sensorusing

voltmeter,
andcheck thatitis
approx. 0.35to0.65V. (Throttle

valve
fullyclosed.)
OK

RESETIDLEPOSITION
MEMORY.

1. Warm upengine suffi-
ciently.
2. Turn ignition switch
"OFF" andwait at
least 5seconds.
3. Disconnect
throttle
position sensorhar-
ness connector.

4.
Start
engine andwait
at least 5seconds in
"N" position .
5. Reconnect throttle
position sensorhar-
ness connector while
running engine.

TROUBLE
DIAGNOSIS -General Description
Basic Inspection (Coni'd)
@

• THRTl POSSEN ADJ.
0

* **
ADJ MONITOR
***

THRTL POSSEN 0.52V

==========
MONITOR
==========

CMPS.RPM (REF)Orpm
CLSD THLIPOSI ON

SEF516Q
SEF12BR EC-66

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description

*
MONITOR
*
NO FAIL
ENG TEMP SEN 80°C

RECORD

Cam follower
lever
o

SEF214N
SEF147N Fast
IdleCam (FIC) Inspection andAdjustment
- For Europe andIsrael

1. Start engine andwarm itup.

(ij\
2.See "ENG TEMP SEN"or"COOLAN TEMP/S"in
~ "DATAMONITOR" modewithCONSULT.
3. When engine coolant temperature is80:l: 5°C
(176:l:9°F), makesurethatmark @isaligned with
mark ~asshown inthe figure.

SEF536H •
2.
Disconnect enginecoolant temperature sensorhar-
ness connector andcheck resistance asshown in
the figure.
3. When theresistance ofengine coolant temperature
sensor is0.26 to0.39 kQ,make surethatmark @is
aligned withmark
@
asshown inthe figure.
If NG, adjust byturning adjusting screw.

Adjusting serewtightening torque:
0.98 -1.96 N.m(10-20 kg-em, 8.7-17.4 in-Ib)
Cam follower
lever Fast
idleearn
Thermo-
element
SEF148N
4.
Stop engine.

rF.i\
5.Turn ignition switch"ON"andsee "ENG TEMP
~ SEN"or"COOLAN TEMP/S"in"DATA MONITOR"
mode withCONSULT.
6. When engine coolant temperature is25:l: 5°C
(77:l: 9°F), make surethatmark
CID
isaligned with
mark @asshown inthe figure.
~ 5.When theresistance ofengine coolant temperature
~ sensoris1.65 to2.40 kQ,make surethatmark
CID
is
aligned withmark
@
asshown inthe figure.
• IfNG, replace thermo-element andperform theabove
inspection andadjustment again.

Fast IdleCam (FIC) Inspection andAdjustment
- Except forEurope andIsrael

1. Remove throttlebodyfromengine.
2. Wait foratleast 3hours.
(This stepisnecessary tobring thetemperature ofthe
thermo-element tothe room temperature

EC-68