2006 LAND ROVER FRELANDER 2 engine

Interpretation of the Results
• NOTE: Due t o t he poss ibi li ty of l oos e carbon t hat has become t rapped between t he valve face and seat effect ing thepres s ure readi ngs , when carryi ng out a compres s ion t est and cyli nders are found to have low press ures , ins t al l the s parkplugs , road t est t he vehicle and re-t est the s us pect cyl inders . If the correct pressures are rest ored, no further acti on isrequired.
The indicat ed compress i on pres sures are cons idered wi thi n s pecificati on if t he l owest readi ng cyl inder is wi thi n 75% of t hehighest reading.
If the cyli nder pres s ures are found t o be l ow, carry out a l eakdown t est to det ermi ne the locat ion of t he faul t (i f anyleakback can be heard through t he engine breat her sys tem s uspect the pi st on rings , if any leakback can be heard throught he inlet s ys tem sus pect t he i nl et val ve or seat , if any leakback can be heard through the exhaus t mani fold sus pect t heexhaus t val ve or s eat . If t he meas urements for t wo cyl inders next t o each ot her are bot h t oo low then i t is very likely thatt he cyl inder head gas ket bet ween them is burnt t hrough. Thi s can als o be recognized by t races of engi ne oil in the coolantand/or cool ant i n t he engi ne oil ).
Oil Consump tion Test
The amount of oi l an engi ne uses will vary wit h t he way t he vehi cl e is driven i n addit ion t o normal engine-t o-enginevariat ion. This i s es pecial ly t rue during t he fi rs t 16,100 km (10,000 mil es) when a new engine i s bei ng broken i n or unt ilcert ai n i nt ernal components become condit ioned. Vehicles us ed i n heavy-dut y operati on may us e more oil . The fol lowingare exampl es of heavy-duty operat ion:
Trai ler towi ng appl icati onsSevere loading appli cat ionsSust ained high speed operat ion
Engi nes need oi l to lubri cat e t he fol lowing internal component s :
Cylinder block cyl inder wallsPis t ons and pi st on ringsInt ake and exhaus t val ve s temsInt ake and exhaus t val ve guidesAll i nt ernal engi ne component s
W hen t he pis t ons move downward, a t hi n film of oil i s left on the cyli nder wal ls . As t he vehi cl e is operated, s ome oil i sals o drawn int o t he combus t ion chambers pas t the i ntake and exhaus t valve s tem s eal s and burned.
The fol lowing are examples of condi ti ons that can affect oil consumpt ion rates :
Engi ne s izeOperat or driving habit sAmbient t emperaturesQuali ty and vi scos it y of oi lEngi ne is bei ng run in an overfil led condit ion (check t he oil level at least five minutes after a hot s hutdown wi th thevehi cl e parked on a level surface. The oi l level s hould not be above the top of t he cros s-hatched area and t he l et t er"F" i n FULL).
Operat ion under varyi ng condi ti ons can frequent ly be mi sl eadi ng. A vehi cl e t hat has been run for s everal t housand miles ons hort t rips or i n below-freezi ng ambient temperat ures may have cons umed a "normal" amount of oil . However, whenchecking t he engine oil l evel , it may meas ure up to the full mark on t he oil l evel indicator due t o dil uti on (condens ati onand fuel ) in t he engine crankcas e. The vehi cl e t hen might be driven at high s peeds on the hi ghway where t he condens at ionand fuel boil off. The next t ime t he engi ne oil is checked it may appear that a l it er of oi l was us ed i n about 160 km (100mi les ). Oi l cons umpti on rat e is about one l it er per 2,400 km (1,500 mil es).
Make s ure t he s elected engine oi l meets manufact urer s pecificati on and t he recommended API performance cat egory "SG"and SAE vis cos i ty grade as s hown in t he vehicle O wner's Gui de. It is al s o important t hat t he engine oi l i s changed at t heint ervals s peci fi ed for t he t ypi cal operati ng condi ti ons .
The fol lowing di agnos t ic procedure i s us ed to det ermi ne t he s ource of excess i ve oi l cons umpti on.
• NOTE: Oi l us e i s normal ly great er during the first 16,100 km (10,000 mi les ) of servi ce. As mil eage i ncreas es , oil us edecreas es . High s peed dri vi ng, towing, high ambi ent temperat ure and ot her factors may res ult in great er oil use.
1. Defi ne exces si ve cons umpti on, s uch as t he number of miles driven per li ter of oil used. Al so det ermine cust omersdriving habit s , such as s us tai ned hi gh s peed operat ion, t owing, ext ended i dle and other cons iderat ions.1.
2. Verify t hat the engine has no ext ernal oi l leaks as descri bed under Engine Oi l Leaks i n thi s s ect ion.2.
3. Carry out an oil cons umpti on t es t :
Run t he engi ne to normal operati ng t emperature. Swi tch engine OFF and al low oi l to drain back for at l eas tfi ve mi nut es .W i th vehi cl e parked on l evel s urface, check t he engi ne oil l evel.If required, add engine oil t o s et level exactl y t o t he FULL mark.Record t he vehi cl e mi leage.Ins t ruct the cus tomer t o return for a l evel check after driving t he vehi cle as us ual for 1,610 km (1000 mi les ).Check t he oil l evel under t he s ame condit ions and at the same locat ion as the i nit ial check.
3.
• NOTE: If the oi l cons umpti on rat e is unaccept abl e go t o St ep 4.
4. Check t he Posi ti ve Crankcas e Vent ilat ion (PCV) sys t em. Make sure t he s ys t em i s not pl ugged.4.
5. Check for pl ugged oi l drain-back holes i n t he cyl inder head and cyli nder bl ock.5.
6. Carry out a cyl inder compress ion tes t. Refer t o t he Compres s ion Tes t procedure in thi s s ect ion. Thi s can help6.

det ermi ne the source of oi l cons umpt ion such as valves , pi s ton rings or other areas .
7. Check valve guides for exces si ve gui de clearance. Ins tall new val ve st em seals aft er verifyi ng val ve guideclearance.7.
8. W orn or damaged i nternal engine component s can caus e exces s ive oi l cons umpti on. Small depos it s of oi l on t het ips of t he s park plugs can be a cl ue t o int ernal oi l cons umpti on.8.
Intake Manifold Vacuum Test
Bri ng t he engi ne to normal operati ng temperature. Connect a vacuum gauge or equi val ent t o t he i nt ake manifold. Run theengi ne at t he specified i dle s peed.
The vacuum gauge s hould read bet ween 51-74 kPa (15-22 i n-Hg) dependi ng upon the engine condit ion and t he alt it ude atwhich t he t es t i s performed. Subt ract 4.0193 kPa (1 in-Hg) from t he s peci fi ed reading for every 304.8 m (1,000 feet ) ofelevati on above s ea l evel .
The reading should be st eady. As necess ary, adjus t t he gauge damper cont rol (where us ed) if t he needl e is fl ut t eringrapi dl y. Adjust damper unti l needle moves eas il y wi thout exces si ve fl utt er.
Interpreting Vacuum G auge Readings
A careful s t udy of the vacuum gauge reading whi le t he engine i s idli ng wi ll help pi npoint t rouble areas. Al ways conductother appropri at e t es ts before arrivi ng at a final di agnos ti c deci s ion. Vacuum gauge readi ngs , alt hough hel pful, mus t beint erpret ed careful ly.
Mos t vacuum gauges have a normal band indicated on the gauge face.
The fol lowing are pot ent ial gauge readings. Some are normal; ot hers s houl d be i nves ti gat ed furt her.
1. NORMAL READING: Needle bet ween 51-74 kPa (15-22 i n-Hg) and holding st eady.1.
2. NORMAL READING DURING RAPID ACCELERATION: W hen the engine i s rapi dl y accel erated, t he needle wil l dropt o a low (not to zero) reading. W hen t he t hrott le is s uddenl y rel eas ed, the needle will s nap back up to a highert han normal figure.
2.
3. NORMAL FOR HIGH-LIFT CAMSHAFT W ITH LARGE OVERLAP: The needle wi ll regi st er as low as 51 kPa (15 in-Hg)but wi ll be rel ati vel y s teady. Some oscil lat ion i s normal .3.
4. W ORN RINGS OR DILUTED OIL: W hen t he engine i s accelerated, the needle drops to 0 kPa (0 in-Hg). Upondecelerat ion, the needle runs s li ght ly above 74 kPa (22 in-Hg).4.
5. STICKING VALVES: W hen the needle remains s t eady at a normal vacuum but occas ionall y flicks (sharp, fastmovement ) down and back about 13 kPa (4 in-Hg), one or more val ves may be s ti cki ng.5.
6. BURNED OR BENT VALVES: A regul ar, evenl y-s paced, downs cale fli cking of t he needle i ndi cat es one or moreburned or damaged valves. Ins uffi cient hydraul ic valve t appet or hydrauli c las h adjus ter clearance wi ll als o causet his react ion.
6.
7. POOR VALVE SEATING: A smal l but regul ar downs cale fli cking can mean one or more valves are not seat ing7.

correct ly.
8. W ORN VALVE GUIDES: W hen t he needl e os ci ll at es over about a 13 kPa (4 i n-Hg) range at i dle s peed, t he valveguides could be worn. As engine s peed increas es , t he needl e wil l become st eady if guides are res pons ibl e.8.
9. W EAK VALVE SPRINGS: W hen the needle os cil lati on becomes more vi ol ent as engi ne RPM is increas ed, weakvalve s prings are indicated. The reading at i dle could be relat ively s t eady.9.
10. LATE VALVE TIMING: A s teady but low reading could be caus ed by lat e valve t imi ng.10.
11. IGNITION TIMING RETARDED: Retarded i gnit ion t imi ng wil l produce a s teady but s omewhat l ow readi ng.11.
12. INSUFFICIENT SPARK PLUG GAP: W hen s park pl ugs are gapped too clos e, a regul ar, s mall puls ati on of theneedle can occur.12.
13. INTAKE LEAK: A l ow, st eady reading can be caused by an int ake mani fol d or throt t le body gas ket l eak.13.
14. BLOW N HEAD GASKET: A regul ar drop of fai r magnit ude can be caus ed by a blown head gas ket or warpedcyli nder head t o cyl inder bl ock surface.14.
15. RESTRICTED EXHAUST SY STEM: W hen t he engine i s fi rs t s tarted and is i dl ed, the readi ng may be normal, butas t he engine RPM is i ncreas ed, the back pres s ure caus ed by a clogged muffler, ki nked tail pi pe or ot her concernswi ll cause the needle t o s l owl y drop to 0 kPa (0 in-Hg). The needl e t hen may s lowly ri se. Exces s ive exhaus tclogging will cause the needle to drop t o a l ow point even if t he engine i s onl y i dling.
15.
W hen vacuum leaks are indicated, s earch out and correct the caus e. Excess ai r leaking i nt o t he s yst em will ups et the fuelmi xt ure and caus e concerns s uch as rough i dle, mi ss i ng on accelerat ion or burned valves . If the l eak exi st s i n an acces s orys uch as the power brake boost er, t he unit wi ll not functi on correctl y. Always repair vacuum leaks .

Publi s hed: 11-May-2011
Engine - I6 3.2L Petrol - Engine Oil Draining and Filling
General Procedures
• NOTE: Removal s t eps in t his procedure may cont ain i nst all ati on det ail s.
1. W ARNING: Make sure t o s upport the vehicle wit h axle
s tands .
Rais e and s upport t he vehi cl e.
1.
Remove t he oil fi lt er.
Refer t o: Oil Fil ter Element (303-01A Engi ne - I6 3.2L Pet rol,
Removal and Ins tall ati on).
2.
Remove t he engi ne undershi eld.
Refer t o: Engi ne Unders hi eld (501-02 Front End Body Panel s ,
Removal and Ins tall ati on).
3. 4. W ARNING: Avoi d s ki n cont act wit h t he
s peci fi ed material.
• CAUTIONS: Hot fluid.
Be prepared t o collect es caping flui ds .
T orque: 38 Nm Remove and dis card t he s ealing was her.4.
5. CAUTIONS: Make s ure that t he component is cl ean, free of foreign
mat eri al and l ubricant. Make s ure that new s eali ng washers are ins tall ed.
To i nst all , revers e t he removal procedure.
5.
Check and top-up the engine oi l.
6.

Publi s hed: 11-May-2011
Engine - I6 3.2L Petrol - Valve Clearance Adjustment
General Procedures
Special T ool(s) 303-1235
Hol der, Camshaft
1. W ARNING: Make sure t o s upport the vehicle wit h axle
s tands .
Rais e and s upport t he vehi cl e.
1.
Remove t he cover and dis connect the bat tery ground cabl e.
Refer t o: Specificati ons (414-00 Bat tery and Charging Sys tem -
General Informat ion, Specificati ons).
2.
Remove t he camshaft s .
Refer t o: Camshafts (303-01A Engine - I6 3.2L Pet rol , Removal and
Inst all at ion).
3.
Replace t he val ve s hi ms , wit h t he s mall es t s him avai lable.
4. Us ing t he s peci al t ools , posi ti on and s ecure the
exhaus t cams haft.
Speci al Tool (s ): 303-1235 5.
Us ing t he original bol t, i nst all t he camshaft sprocket and li ght ley
t ighten.
6. Us ing a feeler gauge, meas ure the cl earance bet ween
t he camshaft and the valve s him.
7.
Meas ure and record t he tappet cl earances .
8.
Remove t he camshaft sprocket.
9.
Remove t he s pecial t ool .
10.
Remove t he exhaus t cams haft .
11.
Remove t he val ve tappets , repl ace wit h s elect ed t appet s.
12.
Inst all t he camshaft s .
13.

Refer t o: Camshafts (303-01A Engine - I6 3.2L Pet rol , Removal andInst all at ion).
Connect t he batt ery ground cable and ins tall t he cover.
Refer t o: Specificati ons (414-00 Bat tery and Charging Sys tem -General Informat ion, Specificati ons).
14.

Publi s hed: 11-May-2011
Engine - I6 3.2L Petrol - Valve Clearance Check
General Procedures
Special T ool(s) 303-1235
Hol der, Camshaft
• NOTE: Only the exhaus t cam shaft has adjus t abl e t appet s. 1. W ARNING: Make sure t o s upport the vehicle wit h axle
s tands .
Rais e and s upport t he vehi cl e.
1.
Remove t he cover and dis connect the bat tery ground cabl e.
Refer t o: Specificati ons (414-00 Bat tery and Charging Sys tem -
General Informat ion, Specificati ons).
2.
Remove t he camshaft bearing housi ng.
Refer t o: Val ve Cover (303-01A Engine - I6 3.2L Pet rol , Removal and
Inst all at ion).
3. Us ing t he s peci al t ools , posi ti on and s ecure the
exhaus t cams haft.
Speci al Tool (s ): 303-1235 4.
Us ing t he original bol t, i nst all t he camshaft sprocket and li ght ley
t ighten.
5.
For val ve cl earance dat a, refer t o s peci fi cat ions .
Refer t o: Specificati ons (303-01A Engine - I6 3.2L Petrol ,
Speci fi cat ions ).
6.

Us ing a feeler gauge, meas ure the cl earance bet weent he camshaft and the valve s him.7.
Remove t he camshaft sprocket.8.
Remove t he s pecial t ool s.9.
Inst all t he camshaft bearing housi ng.
Refer t o: Val ve Cover (303-01A Engine - I6 3.2L Pet rol , Removal andInst all at ion).
10.
Connect t he batt ery ground cable and ins tall t he cover.
Refer t o: Specificati ons (414-00 Bat tery and Charging Sys tem -General Informat ion, Specificati ons).
11.