2006 LAND ROVER FRELANDER 2 brake

Publi s hed: 11-May-2011
General Information - General Service Information
Des cript ion and Operat ion
Introduction
This manual has been wri tt en in a format t hat i s desi gned to meet the needs of Land Rover technicians worl dwide and t oas si st them in t he efficient repai r and maintenance of Land Rover vehi cl es .
This manual provides descripti ons and methods for accomplis hing adjust ment, s ervi ce and repair work usi ng t es t ed andeffect ive procedures . Fol lowi ng thes e procedures wil l hel p ens ure product rel iabil ity.
Special Tools
The Speci al Tool(s ) Tabl e provided at t he begi nni ng of each procedure li st s t he s pecial t ool (s ) requi red t o carry out repairoperati ons wit hin t hat specific procedure. W herever poss i bl e, ill ust rat ions are provided whi ch wil l as s is t t echnicians i nidenti fyi ng the s pecial tool(s ) required and als o s howing s uch tool (s ) in use.
Speci al t ools may be obt ained from the manufact urer, SPX Tool s, t he addres ses of t heir branches will be found in theSpeci al Tools Gl oss ary.For addit ional informat ion, refer t o: Special Tool Glos sary (100-00 General Informati on, Des cri pti on and Operati on).
Important Safety Instructions
Appropri at e s ervi ce methods and correct repai r procedures are es sent ial for t he s afe and reli abl e operati on of all mot orvehi cl es as well as ens uri ng the personal s afety of t he i ndi vi dual carryi ng out the work.
This manual cannot poss ibl y anti ci pat e al l s uch vari at ions and provi de advi ce or cauti ons as to each. Any pers on whodeparts from t he ins t ructi ons provi ded in this manual mus t firs t es tabl is h t hat t hey compromis e nei ther thei r personals afety nor t he vehicle i ntegri ty by their choice of met hods , tool s or parts .
Indi vi dual s who undert ake their own repai rs should have s ome skil l or training and limi t repairs t o component s which coul dnot affect t he s afety of t he vehicle or i ts pas s engers. Any repai rs requi red to s afet y cri ti cal i tems such as s t eering, brakes,s uspens ion or s uppl ement al res traint s yst em s hould be carri ed out by a Land Rover Dealer. Repairs t o s uch i tems s houldNEVER be at tempt ed by untrai ned indivi duals .
Warnings, Cautions and Notes which appear in this manual
As you read through t his manual, you wi ll come acros s W arnings, Caut ions and Notes . A W arning, Cauti on or Not e i splaced at the beginni ng of a s eries of s t eps . If the warning, caut ion or note onl y appl ies t o one s t ep, i t is pl aced at t hebegi nning of t he specific s t ep aft er the s t ep number.
Warnings, Cautions and Not es have the foll owing meanings :
Warning: Procedures which mus t be foll owed to avoid the pos s ibil it y of pers onal i njury.
Caution: Cal ls at tent ion t o procedures which mus t be foll owed to avoid damage to components .
Note: Gi ves hel pful informati on.
References
References t o the Left Hand (LH) or Right Hand (RH) si de given i n t hi s manual are made when vi ewing t he vehi cl e or unitfrom the rear.
Fault Diagnostic Equipment
The vehi cl e i s equi pped wit h a number of electroni c cont rol s yst ems t o provide opt imum performance of the vehicl e'ss ys t ems .
Land Rover approved diagnos t ic equipment is avai lable and mus t be us ed where s pecified. The use of this equi pment willas si st wit h t he fault di agnos ti c abili ti es of the Deal er workshop. In parti cul ar, t he equi pment can be us ed t o i nterrogat et he elect roni c s ys t ems for di agnos is of faul ts whi ch may become evident during t he li fe of the vehicle.
This manual is produced as a reference s ource t o s uppl ement Land Rover approved di agnos ti c equipment.
Feat ures of t he equi pment include:
a. Ful ly upgradeable s upport for t he t echnician
b. Struct ured di agnos ti cs to accommodate al l ski ll levels
c. Direct print-out of screen i nformati on and tes t res ult s
Testing the vehicle
Operat ions covered in t his manual do not include reference t o t es t ing t he vehicle after repai r. It is es s ent ial t hat work i sins pect ed and t es t ed aft er compl eti on and if neces s ary, a road tes t of the vehicle is carried out , part icul arl y where s afet yrel ated i tems are concerned.
Repairs and Replacement Parts

Publi s hed: 11-May-2011
General Information - Standard Workshop Practices
Des cript ion and Operat ion
Vehicle in Workshop
W hen working on a vehicl e in the workshop al ways make sure t hat :
W here practi cable, t he parking brake is appli ed and t he wheel s are securely chocked to prevent t he vehi cl e movingforwards or backwards .W henever pos si ble, t he ignit ion key i s removed before any work is carried out on t he vehi cle.If the engine i s t o be run, t here i s adequat e vent il ati on, or an extract ion hos e i s us ed to remove exhaus t fumes.There i s adequat e room to rais e the vehicle and remove t he wheel s , if neces s ary.Fender covers are al ways ins tal led i f any work i s to be carri ed out in t he engine compart ment.W here practi cable, t he batt ery i s dis connected if worki ng on the engi ne, underneath t he vehicle, or if t he vehi cl e i srai sed.
• CAUTIO NS:
Prior to dis connect ing the bat tery, refer to the El ect ri cal Secti on of this manual - Bat tery dis connect ion/connect ion.For addit ional informat ion, refer t o: Specificati ons (414-01 Bat t ery, Mount ing and Cables , Speci ficat ions).
W hen el ect ri c arc wel ding on a vehi cl e, al ways dis connect t he generator wi ri ng to prevent t he pos si bili ty of a s urgeof current caus i ng damage to the i nternal component s of the generat or.
If us i ng welding equipment on t he vehicle, a s uit abl e fire exti nguis her is readily avail able.
Battery - General
• CAUTIO NS:
Prior to carrying out any procedures which i nvol ve dis connect ing/ or connecti ng the bat tery, refer t o t he ElectricalSect ion of t his manual - Batt ery di sconnect ion/connect ion.For addit ional informat ion, refer t o: Specificati ons (414-01 Bat t ery, Mount ing and Cables , Speci ficat ions).
A di s charged bat tery condit ion may have been caus ed by an electrical short ci rcuit . If t his condit ion exis t s there wil lbe an apparentl y li ve circuit on the vehicle even when al l normal circuit s are s wit ched off. This can cause arcing when t hejumper cables are connect ed.
W hi le it i s not recommended that the vehicl e is jump s t art ed, i t is recognized t hat thi s may occas ionall y be t he onl ypracti cal way t o mobi lize a vehi cl e. Prior t o at tempt ing a jump s t art , reference must be made to the El ect ri cal Secti on oft hi s manual - Jump St art ing.
Followi ng jump s tart ing of a dis abl ed vehi cle, the di s charged bat tery mus t be checked for s erviceabili ty and recharged offt he vehi cl e as s oon as poss ibl e t o avoi d permanent damage.
Do not rel y on t he generator t o res t ore a di s charged bat tery. For a generat or t o recharge a batt ery, it woul d take i n exces sof eight hours cont inuous dri vi ng wi th no addi ti onal loads placed on t he batt ery.
Always make s ure that t he jumper cabl es are adequate for the tas k.Always make s ure that t he s lave batt ery i s of the same vol tage as t he vehicle bat tery. The bat teries mus t beconnected i n paral lel.Always make s ure that s wit chabl e electric circui ts are s wi tched off before connecti ng jumper cabl es. This reducest he ri sk of arci ng occurring when the final connecti on is made.
Towing the Vehicle
W ARNING: W hen t owing i s neces sary, reference mus t be made to the Jacki ng, Lift ing and Towing Secti on of thi sManual .
W hen t he vehicle i s being t owed dock the remote cont rol and s wit ch on the ignit ion. (s t eering l ock releas ed and warni ngli ght s i ll uminated). Onl y t hen wil l the s t eering, turn s ignal lamps , horn and s t op lamps be operat ional. Fail ure t o followt hes e i nst ructi ons may res ult in pers onal injury. It mus t be noted that wit h t he engine not running, t he power s t eering andbrake boost er wil l be inoperat ive t herefore, great er effort wil l be needed t o s t eer t he vehicle and apply the brakes .
General Installation Instructions
Component removal
W henever pos si ble, clean component s and the surroundi ng area before removal .
Blank off openings expos ed by component removal .Followi ng dis connecti on, s eal fuel, oil or hydrauli c li nes i mmediat ely us ing sui table bl anki ng plugs or caps .Seal open ends of expos ed oil ways us i ng sui table tapered hardwood pl ugs or cons pi cuous pl as t ic pl ugs .Immediat el y a component i s removed, place it i n a sui table contai ner; us e a s eparate cont ai ner for each componentand it s as s ociat ed part s .

Clean bench and provide marking mat eri al s , labels and containers before di s as s embli ng components .
Disassembling
Obs erve s crupul ous cl eanl ines s when dis as sembl ing component s, parti cul arly when brake, fuel, air s us pens ion or hydrauli cs ys t em parts are dis as sembl ed. A part icle of dirt or cloth fragment could caus e a s eri ous malfunct ion i f trapped i n t hes es ys t ems .
Blow out al l tapped holes , crevi ces , oil ways and flui d pass ages wit h dry, compres s ed air.
W ARNING: Sui table eye protecti on mus t be worn.
Us e s uit abl e marker i nk to identi fy mat ing parts , do not us e a s cri ber or cent re punch as t hey coul d ini ti at e cracksor dis torti on.W i re or t ape mat ing part s t oget her where neces s ary t o prevent acci dent al i nterchange.Suit abl y identi fy parts which are to be renewed and t o thos e part s requi ri ng further ins pect ion. Keep thes e part ss eparate.To make s ure that t he correct replacement part has been obt ained, do not dis card a part due for renewal unt il aftercomparing i t wit h t he new part.
Cleaning Components
Always us e cleaning agents whi ch are s uit able for the work being undert aken and the component s being cleaned. NEVERus e gasol ine (pet rol ) as a cleaning agent (degreas er). Always make s ure that the component bei ng cleaned is compati blewit h t he cleaning agent.
Always follow the manufact urer's i ns t ructi ons regarding the us e of cleaning agents and make sure t hat t he envi ronment inwhich t he work is being undert aken is s uit able. See Healt h and Safet y Precaut ions for furt her informati on regardi ngcleaning.
General Inspection of Components
All component s s houl d be i ns pect ed for wear or damage before reas s embl ing.
Always make s ure that component t o be i ns pected i s clean and free from oil or greas e.W hen a component is t o be checked di mensi onal ly agains t desi gn s pecified values , use the appropriat e meas uringequi pment i.e. micromet ers , verniers, s urface plates , dial t es t i ndi cat ors (DTI).Always make s ure that all meas uri ng equi pment is correct ly cali brat ed before us e.Reject a component which i s not wit hin specified values /l imi ts or i f it appears t o be damaged.A component may be rei ns t alled if dimens ions obt ai ned during checki ng are at t he maximum t olerance l imi t and itis in an undamaged condi ti on.Bearing journal clearances should be checked where neces s ary us ing Pl ast igauge.
Joints and Joint Faces
All gas ket s s houl d be i ns t alled dry unles s s tat ed otherwis e. Always appl y t he s pecified l ubricant to O-rings and i nst allO-ri ngs us ing the fingers onl y.
Us e gasket removal s pray and/or plas t ic s crapers t o remove traces of old gas ket.
CAUTION: DO NOT us e met al s crapers or emery clot h as t hes e may damage the s eali ng s urfaces.
Many joi nts us e s ealants ins tead of gasket s as t he seal ing medium. W here t his is t he cas e, t he s eal ant t oget her wit h i tspart number wil l be found l is ted i n t he rel evant repair operat ion and al so in the s ealants table.
CAUTION: Always remove all t races of the ol d s eal ant prior t o reas s embly. Use plas tic s crapers, s pecifi ed s olvent swhere avail abl e or dry, l int free clot h. DO NOT us e met al scrapers or emery clot h as t hese may damage the seali ngs urfaces . Make sure t hat s eali ng s urfaces are free from oi l or greas e as sealant s wil l not adhere properly to contaminateds urfaces .
Do not all ow s ealant to ent er tapped holes or oil ways .
Locking Devices
Always repl ace locki ng devi ces wit h one of the s ame des ign and of t he correct s ize.
Tab washers
Always release locki ng t abs before l oos ening fixings , do not reus e t ab washers.
Locknuts
Always us e a backing s panner when l oos ening and t ighteni ng locknut s, brake and fuel pipe unions .
Roll pins
Always i ns t all new roll pins of t he correct s ize.
Circlips
Always i ns t all new circl ips ens uri ng that t hey are of t he correct s ize for t he groove.

CAUTION: Service t ools have been devel oped for ins tal ling the majori ty of beari ngs ; t hese must al ways be usedwhere specified.
In the cas e of greas e l ubricated beari ngs , fil l t he s pace bet ween t he bearing and out er s eal wit h t he recommendedgrade of greas e before ins t al li ng the seal.
CAUTION: W hen a waxed oil s eal (ins tal led dry) t ype of oil s eal i s to be ins t al led, take great care that greas e doesnot cont aminate the runni ng s urface of t he s eal .
Always make s uit able reference marks bet ween t he components of s eparable bearings e.g. t aper roller beari ngswhen dis as sembl ing t o make s ure correct locati on of components when as s embli ng. Never ins tall new roll ers i n anouter ring, al ways ins tal l a new beari ng ass embly.
Brake Pads and Linings
Always i ns t all t he correct grade and s peci fi cat ion of brake pads and li nings . W hen repl acing thes e it ems , always repl ace ascomplete axl e s ets .
Brake Hydraulics
Always obs erve t he fol lowing recommendat ions when worki ng on t he braking s ys tem:
W ARNING: Do not int ermi x brake fluid of di fferent specificati ons .
Always us e t wo s panners when loos eni ng or ti ght ening brake pi pes or hos e connect ions.Make s ure t hat hos es run in a natural curve and are not kinked or twi st ed.Ins t all brake pipes and hos es s ecurel y in their retaini ng clips and make sure t hat they cannot cont act a pot enti alchafing point .Containers used for brake fluid must be kept abs ol utel y cl ean.Do not s tore brake fluid in uns ealed containers, t he fluid will abs orb wat er which wi ll lower t he boili ng point of thefl uid.Do not all ow brake flui d to be cont aminat ed wit h ot her fluids such as mi neral oil and do not put brake fl uid i n acont ainer which has previous ly been us ed for s t oring ot her fl ui ds.Do not reus e brake flui d which has been bled from t he s ys t em.Always us e brake flui d or a s uit abl e brake cleaning flui d t o clean hydraulic component s .Unles s s tat ed otherwis e, us e onl y clean brake fluid to lubri cat e hydraulic seals and components .Always i ns t all blanking plugs t o hos es, pi pes or component s immediatel y aft er dis connect ion.Check t hread compati bili ty of origi nal equipment wit h repl acement component s.Obs erve absol ute cl eanli ness when working wi th hydraul ic component s .
Pipes and Hoses
W hen removing or ins t al li ng fl exi ble hydrauli c pipes and hoses , make s ure that t he foll owing procedures are observed tomake s ure component servi ceabil it y:
Pri or to removal , clean area around hos e or pipe end which is to be dis connect ed.Obtai n appropri at e bl anking pl ugs or caps before dis connecti ng hose or pi pe end fi ttings i n order t hat connect ionscan be plugged immedi atel y fol lowing di sconnect ion.Always i ns t all blanking plugs or caps to pipes and unions immedi atel y fol lowing di sconnect ion.Clean hos e or pipe and bl ow t hrough wit h an ai r line.
W ARNING: Sui table eye protecti on mus t be worn.
Check hos es external ly for cracks , separat ion of pl ies , securi ty of end fit ti ngs and ext ernal damage; repl ace fault yhoses .Check pi pes for s igns of corros ion and chafi ng, replace as neces s ary.
CAUTION: If pipes are found to be chafed, rect ify cli ps, mount ing point s etc., to prevent furt her probl ems in service.
W hen i nst all ing hos es , make s ure that no unneces s ary bends are i ntroduced and t hat hos es are not ki nked, twi s tedor pos i ti oned cl os e t o pot ent ial chafing poi nt s .W hen i nst all ing pipes , make s ure t hat pipes are pos it ioned and cli pped cl ear of potent ial chafing point s .Always repl ace seali ng was hers i ns t alled to banjo bol ts , s ealing pl ugs etc.Always us e a backing s panner when t ightening uni ons and do not overt ight en union nuts or banjo bol ts .Aft er any work on hydraul ic s yst ems , always check for flui d leaks whil s t a s econd operat or appli es worki ng pres suret o the brake pedal or operates t he s yst em that has been worked on.
Fuel s ys tem hos es

Invert the compres s or and gravi ty drain the oi l into a calibrated meas uri ng cyl inder. Rotat e t he compres sor clut ch tomake s ure the compres s or is complet el y drai ned.Note the quanti ty of oi l drained (Y cm³).Calculate the quanti ty of oi l to be drained from t he new compres sor us ing t he fol lowi ng formula:X cm³ — (Y cm³ +20 cm³) = Q cm³Remove the drain pl ug from the new compres s or and drain Q cm3 of oi l. ins t al l and tight en t he compres sor drai nplug.
Vehicle Weights
Itemkglb
Maximum Gros s Vehicle W eight (GVW ) - Al l model s (1)25055511Approximate unladen w eight (2):
3.2 Petrol18254015
2.2 Diesel18204004Maximum weight of unbraked trailer:
On-road7501650
Off-road7501650Maximum towable weight (mass) - T railers with overrun brakes:
On-road20004400
Off-road20004400Gross train weight - T railers with overrun brakes (3):
On-road45059911
Off-road45059911Nose w eight:
On-road150330
Off-road150330Maximum front axl e l oad - All models (4)13102882
Maximum rear axle load - All models (4)13602992
Maximum roof rack l oad - All models (5)75165(1) T he maximum permissible weight of the vehicle including passengers and load.
(2) T his figure includes the toolkit, all fluids to the correct levels and spare w heel but excludes the driver andpassengers.
(3) T he maximum permissible weight of the vehicle and braked trailer and their respective loads.
(4) T he front and rear maximum loads cannot be reached simultaneously as this will exceed the GVW limit. Whencalculating rear axle loading, remember that the trailer nose w eight, the load in the vehicle' s luggage area, w eighton the roof rack, and the weight of rear seat passengers must all be added together.
(5) T his figure includes the weight of the roofrack.
Vehicle Dimensions
ItemmminLengt h - excluding l icens e pl ate pl int h - All models4500177.2
Width - All models:
Mirrors extended218085.83Mirrors folded200578.95
Maximum height - including roof rail s - Al l model s182071.65
W heelbas e - Al l model s2660104.7T rack:
Front w ith 16" wheels161163.43
Front w ith 17"/18"/19" wheels160163.03Rear with 16" wheels162463.94
Rear with 17"/18"19" wheels161463.54
Vehicle ride height (1):Front490.7±1219.32±0.47
Rear504.6±1219.87±0.47
Underbody running cl earance t o exhaus t - Mi nimum - Kerb wei ght2299.0Front axle t o underbody clearance2168.5
Rear axl e t o different ial cas i ng cl earance26710.5
Suspension travel from kerb - ROW (unladen):2278.9Front (bump/rebound)105/804.13/3.15
Rear (bump/rebound)130/905.12/3.54
T otal articulation33513.2Suspension travel from kerb - NAS (unladen):
Front (bump/rebound)102/764/3
Rear (bump/rebound)127/895/3.5T otal articulation33013.2
W adi ng dept h50019.7
Depart ure angle - Towbar NOT ins tall ed34°Depart ure angle - Fi xed hei ght towbar - NOT NAS vehicles19°
Depart ure angle - Detachabl e towbar ins t al led - NOT NAS vehicle18°
Depart ure angle - Towbar i ns t alled - NAS vehi cl es19°Approach angl e31°
Breakover angle157°
Maximum gradient for conti nuous operat ion30°Maximum gradient for drive t hrough operat ion (2)45°

Publi s hed: 11-May-2011
General Information - Health and Safety Precautions
Des cript ion and Operat ion
Introduction
Modern vehicles contai n many mat erial s and li qui ds which i f not handled wi th care can be hazardous to bot h pers onalheal th and the environment . Als o, many of t he procedures as s oci ated wit h vehi cl e maint enance and repai r involve physi calhazards or ot her ri sks t o healt h.
This s ubsect ion l is ts some of thes e hazardous operat ions and t he mat erial s and equi pment as s oci ated wi th them.Precaut ions necess ary to avoid thes e hazards are ident ified.
The li s t is not exhaus ti ve and all operat ions and procedures and the handli ng of materials , s houl d be carried out wi thheal th and s afety in mind.
Before usi ng any product the Mat eri al s Safet y Data Sheet s uppl ied by t he manufacturer or s uppli er s hould be cons ul ted.
W ARNING: Many liqui ds and ot her subs tances used in mot or vehi cl es are poi sonous and s houl d under nocircums t ances be consumed and should, as far as pos s ible, be kept from contact wit h t he s kin. Thes e l iquids ands ubs t ances i nclude acid, anti -freeze, brake fl uid, fuel , windscreen washer addi ti ves, l ubricants , refri gerant s and vari ousadhes ives .
Acids and Alkalis
For example - alkali s s uch as caus ti c soda us ed i n cleaning mat eri al s ; aci ds such as s ulphuri c aci d us ed in bat teries .
Both al kal is and acids are i rrit ant and corrosi ve t o the ski n, eyes , nos e and t hroat. They cause burns and can des t royordi nary prot ect ive clot hing.
Avoi d s plas hes to the s kin, eyes and cl othi ng. W ear s uit able prot ecti ve impervi ous apron, gl oves and goggles . Do notbreat h mi st s .
Make s ure acces s t o eye was h bott les , s hower and s oap are readil y avai lable for s pl ashi ng accident s.
Dis play Eye Hazard si gn.
Air Bags
Highly fl ammable, expl osi ve – obs erve No Smoking pol icy.
Us ed wit hin the vehicle as safety rest rai nts .
The inflat or contai ns a high-energy propel lant which, when ignit ed, produces a VERY HOT GAS (2500°C).
The gas inflator (generator) us ed i n air bags is Sodi um Azide. This mat eri al i s hermet icall y s eal ed in each ai r bag modul eand is compl et ely cons umed during depl oyment . No att empt s houl d be made t o open an ai r bag infl ator as t hi s wi ll lead t ot he ri sk of exposure t o Sodium Azi de. If a gas generator i s rupt ured, full prot ecti ve cl othing should be worn when deali ngwit h t he s pil lage.
Aft er normal depl oyment , gloves and s afety goggles s hould be worn during t he handl ing proces s.
Deployed air bags s hould be dis posed of i n a pl ast ic bag i n accordance wi th local regul ati ons at an approved chemicalwas te si te.
Follow ing any direct contact with Sodium Azide:
W as h affected areas thoroughly wi th water.SEEK IMMEDIAT E MEDICAL ASSIST ANCE.
Air Bags - Do' s
Do s t ore modules in an upright pos i ti on.Do keep modules dry.Do carry modules wi th the cover si de pointi ng away from the body.Do pl ace modul es wit h t hei r cover s ide upwards .Do careful ly ins pect modules for damage.Do s t and to one si de when connecti ng modules .Do make s ure all t es t equipment is properly cal ibrat ed and maint ained.Do was h hands aft er handli ng depl oyed ai r bags .
Air Bags - Do Not
Do Not s t ore highl y fl ammable materi al together wit h modul es or gas generat ors .Do Not s t ore gas generators at temperatures exceedi ng 80°C.Do Not s t ore modules ups ide down.Do Not at tempt t o open a gas generator hous ing.Do Not expos e gas generat ors t o open flame or s ources of heat .Do Not place anythi ng on top of a module cover.Do Not us e damaged modules .Do Not t ouch a fi red modul e or gas generat or for at leas t 10 mi nut es aft er fi ri ng.Do Not us e any electrical probes on t he wiring circui t.

Any s praying s houl d preferably be carri ed out in venti lat ed boot hs which i ncorporat e faci li ti es for removi ng vapors ands pray dropl et s from the breathing zone.
W ear appropri at e gl oves , eye and res pirat ory protecti on.
Antifreeze
May be flammabl e when undilut ed.
Vapors may be gi ven off from coolant anti freeze when heat ed. Avoid breathi ng thes e vapors .
Anti freeze may be absorbed through t he s kin i n t oxi c or harmful quanti ti es. Ant ifreeze, i f s wal lowed, can be fat al; SEEKIMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION.
Battery Acids
See als o Al kal is and Acids .
Gas es releas ed duri ng bat t ery charging are expl osi ve. Al ways remove t he batt ery from t he vehi cl e pri or to chargi ng. Neverus e naked flames or al low s parks near charging or recentl y charged bat t eries . NEVER add aci d t o a bat tery, t he chemicalreacti on produced wil l be vi olent and expl os i ve. In cases of eye contact, was h affected area wit h copious amount s of wat erand SEEK IMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION.
Make s ure t here i s adequat e vent il ati on during bat tery charging, obs erve NO SMOKING POLICY .
Brake Pads and Linings
Always fit t he correct grade and s peci fi cat ion of brake pads and l inings . W hen renewi ng pads and lini ngs , always repl aceas complete axl e s ets .
Brake and Clutch Fluid
Splas hes to t he s kin and eyes are irri tat ing and i n t he long t erm can be damagi ng, avoid prolonged s ki n cont act. In casesof eye cont act , wash affect ed area wi th copious amount s of water and SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION.
Chemical Materials
All chemical materials should al ways be used wit h caut ion and st ored and handled wi th care. They may be toxic, harmful,corros ive, irri tant or highly fl ammable and gi ve ri se to hazardous fumes and dus t s.
The effect s of exces s ive expos ure to chemi cal s may be i mmediat e or delayed; briefl y experienced or permanent ;cumulati ve; s uperficial; life t hreatening; or may reduce l ife expect ancy.
Chemical Materials - Do's
Do careful ly read and observe hazard and precaut ion warnings given on material cont ai ners (labels ) and in anyaccompanyi ng leaflets , pos ters or ot her ins truct ions . Material heal th and safet y data s heet s can be obtained frommanufacturers .Do remove chemi cal mat eri al s from the s kin and cl othing as soon as pract icable after s oil ing. Change heavily soi ledclothi ng and have it cleaned.Do organi se work pract ices and prot ect ive clot hing t o avoi d s oil ing of t he s ki n and eyes .Do avoid breat hing vapors , aeros ols , dus t s or fumes ; inadequat e container labell ing; fi re and expl os i on hazards .Do was h before job breaks, before eati ng, s moking, dri nki ng or usi ng t oi let faci lit ies when handli ng chemicalmat erial s.Do keep work areas clean, unclut tered and free of s pi ll s.Do s t ore chemical materials according to nat ional and local regul at ions .Do keep chemical materi als out of t he reach of chi ldren.
Chemical Materials - Do Not
Do Not mi x chemical materials except under the manufact urers ins truct ions ; s ome chemicals can form ot her toxic orharmful chemi cal s, gi ve off t oxi c or harmful fumes or become explos ive when mixed t oget her.Do Not s pray chemical materials , part icularly t hose bas ed on s olvents , i n confined spaces , for example when peopleare ins ide a vehicle.Do Not apply heat or fl ame t o chemical materi als except under the manufact urers ins truct ions . Some are hi ghlyfl ammable and some may rel ease toxic or harmful fumes .Do Not l eave contai ners open. Fumes given off can bui ld up to t oxic, harmful or explos ive concentrati ons . Somefumes are heavier than ai r and wil l accumulate in confi ned areas s uch as pi ts .Do Not t rans fer chemical materi als t o unlabell ed cont ainers .Do Not clean hands or cl othing wit h chemicals . Chemical s , parti cul arly sol vent s and fuel s, wi ll dry ski n and maycaus e i rrit ati on leading t o dermat it is or be abs orbed t hrough t he s ki n i n t oxi c or harmful quanti ti es .Do Not us e empt ied containers for ot her mat eri al s except when t hey have been cleaned under s upervis edcondi ti ons .Do Not s niff or smel l chemi cal mat eri al s , even brief expos ure to hi gh concentrat ions of fumes can be toxic orharmful.
Corrosion Protection Materials
Some corrosi on prot ect ion mat eri als are highly flammabl e – obs erve NO SMOKING POLICY.
Thes e materials are vari ed and the manufact urers ins truct ions mus t always be foll owed. The mat eri als may contai ns olvent s , res ins or petroleum product s. Skin and eye cont act s houl d be avoided. They s hould only be s prayed in condit ionsof adequate vent il at ion and not i n confined s paces .

Flammabl e - OBSERVE NO SMOKING POLICY .
Irrit at ion of t he mout h and t hroat may res ult from s wallowi ng. The main hazard from s wallowi ng ari ses if li qui d as pirat ionint o t he lungs occurs.
Liquid contact dri es the ski n and can caus e i rrit at ion or dermati ti s. Splas hes in the eye may be s light ly i rrit ati ng.
In normal circums t ances t he low vol ati lit y does not give ris e t o harmful vapors . Expos ure to mis t s and vapors fromkeros ene at el evat ed t emperature s houl d be avoi ded (mis ts may ari s e in dewaxing). Avoi d s ki n and eye cont act and makes ure t here i s adequat e vent il ati on.
If sw allow ed, DO NOT induce vomiting - SEEK IMMEDIAT E MEDICAL AT T ENT ION.
Gas Cylinders
Gas es such as oxygen, acet ylene, argon and propane are normall y s tored in cyli nders at pres s ures of up t o 138 bar (13800kPa) (2000 lbf/i n²) and great care should be taken i n handl ing t hese cyli nders t o avoi d mechani cal damage t o t hem or t ot he val ve gear at tached. The contents of each cylinder s houl d be clearl y ident ifi ed by appropri ate markings .
Cylinders should be s tored in wel l vent il at ed encl osures, and protected from ice and s now or direct sunli ght . Fuel gas es,for example acetyl ene and propane should not be st ored i n clos e proximit y t o oxygen cylinders .
Care should be exerci sed to prevent l eaks from gas cyl inders and l ines and als o t o avoid s ources of ignit ion.
Only trai ned pers onnel s houl d undertake work involving gas cyli nders .
General Workshop Tools and Equipment
It is es s ent ial t hat al l tools and equipment are maint ained in good condit ion and t he correct s afet y equi pment is us edwhere required.
Never us e t ools or equipment for any purpos e other t han that for whi ch they were desi gned. Never overl oad equi pments uch as hoi st s , jacks, axle and chas si s s tands or li ft ing sl ings . Damage caus ed by overloading i s not always immediatel yapparent and may res ult i n a fatal fai lure the next t ime that t he equi pment is us ed.
Do not us e damaged or defect ive t ools or equipment, part icularly hi gh s peed equipment s uch as gri ndi ng wheel s . Adamaged grindi ng wheel can dis int egrate wit hout warning and cause serious i njury.
W ear s uit abl e eye prot ect ion when us ing grinding, chis elli ng or s and bl ast ing equi pment .
W ear a s uit able breat hing mas k when us i ng abrasi ve blas ti ng equi pment or us i ng sprayi ng equi pment.
Make s ure t here i s adequat e vent il ati on to cont rol dust s , mis t s and fumes .
High Pressure Air, Lubrication and Oil Test Equipment
Always keep high press ure equi pment i n good condi ti on, and regul arly maint ai ned, parti cularly at joint s and uni ons.
Never di rect a high press ure nozzle, for example dies el i njector, at t he s kin as the fluid may penet rat e t o t he underlyingt is sue and caus e s eri ous i njury.
Jacking
Always refer to the Jacki ng and Lifti ng s ect ion of t hi s manual prior t o rai s ing t he vehi cl e off the ground.
W hen vehicle is t o be rais ed by means of a jack, ensure t hat i t is st andi ng on l evel ground, that parking brake is appli edand wheels are chocked. ALW AY S us e t he recommended jacking poi nt s and ens ure t hat vehi cl e jack has s ufficient loadcapacit y for t he weight of t he vehi cl e.
W ARNING: Do not work on or under a vehi cle s upported onl y by a jack. Always s upport t he vehi cl e on s afet y s tands .
Ensure t hat hois t s have s uffi ci ent load capacit y for t he wei ght of t he vehi cl e.
Legal Aspects
There are many l aws and regulat ions rel at ing to healt h and s afet y i n the us e and di spos al of materials and equipment i n aworks hop.
For a s afe worki ng envi ronment and t o avoi d environment al poll uti on, workshops s hould be famil iar, i n detai l, wi th t hemany healt h and s afety laws and regul ati ons wit hi n t hei r count ry, publ is hed by both nat ional and local aut horit ies .
Lubricants and Greases
Avoi d all prolonged and repeat ed contact wit h mi neral oils . All l ubricants and greases may be irri tat ing t o t he eyes ands ki n.
Used Engine Oil
Prol onged and repeat ed cont act wi th engi ne oil wil l res ult i n t he removal of nat ural fat s from the s kin, leading to drynes s ,irri tat ion and dermati ti s. In addit ion, used engi ne oil cont ains potent iall y harmful cont aminants whi ch may caus e s kincancer. Adequat e means of s kin protecti on and washi ng facil it ies mus t be provi ded.
Do not employ us ed engine oi ls as l ubricants or for any appli cat ion where appreciable s kin cont act i s li kel y t o occur.