EXCESSIVE BLACK SMOKE
POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Engine Control Module (ECM) not calibrated or ECM
has incorrect calibration.Refer to Powertrain Diagnostic Procedures Information.
Exhaust system restriction is above specifications. Check exhaust pipesfor damage/restrictions. Repair as
necessary.
Fuel grade is not correct or fuel quality is poor. Temporarily change fuel brands and note condition.
Change brand if necessary.
Fuel injection pump malfunctioning. A DTC may have been set. If so, refer toPowertrain
Diagnostic Procedures Information.
Fuel injector malfunctioning. A DTC may have been set. Perform “Cylinder
Performance Test
orCylinder Cutout Testusing DRB
scan tool to isolate individual cylinders. Also refer to
Powertrain Diagnostic Procedures Information and, to
(Refer to 14 - FUEL SYSTEM/FUEL INJECTION/FUEL
INJECTOR - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING).
Fuel return system restricted. Check fuel return lines for restriction (Refer to 14 -
FUEL SYSTEM/FUEL DELIVERY - DIAGNOSIS AND
TESTING).
Intake manifold restricted. Remove restriction.
Manifold Air Pressure (Boost) Sensor or sensor circuit
malfunctioning.A DTC should have been set. Refer to Powertrain
Diagnostic Procedures Information.
Raw fuel in intake manifold. Fuel injectors leaking on engine shutdown. DoFuel
Injector Test (Refer to 14 - FUEL SYSTEM/FUEL
INJECTION/FUEL INJECTOR - DIAGNOSIS AND
TESTING).
Turbocharger air intake restriction. Remove restriction.
Turbocharger damaged. (Refer to 11 - EXHAUST SYSTEM/TURBOCHARGER
SYSTEM/TURBOCHARGER - INSPECTION).
Turbocharger has excess build up on compressor
wheel and/or diffuser vanes.(Refer to 11 - EXHAUST SYSTEM/TURBOCHARGER
SYSTEM/TURBOCHARGER - CLEANING).
Turbocharger wheel clearance out of specification. (Refer to 11 - EXHAUSTSYSTEM/TURBOCHARGER
SYSTEM/TURBOCHARGER - INSPECTION).
EXCESSIVE WHITE SMOKE
POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Air in fuel supply: Possible leak in fuel supply side.(Refer to 14 - FUEL SYSTEM/FUEL DELIVERY/FUEL
TRANSFER PUMP - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING).
Coolant leaking into combustion chamber. Do pressure test of cooling system (Refer to 7 -
COOLING - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING).
Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC’s) active or multiple,
intermittent DTC’s.Refer to Powertrain Diagnostic Procedures Information.
In very cold ambient temperatures, engine block heater
is malfunctioning (if equipped).(Refer to 7 - COOLING/ENGINE/ENGINE BLOCK
HEATER - REMOVAL).
Engine coolant temperature sensor malfunctioning. A DTC should have beenset. Refer to Powertrain
Diagnostic Procedures Information. Also check
thermostat operation (Refer to 7 - COOLING/ENGINE/
ENGINE COOLANT THERMOSTAT - DIAGNOSIS AND
TESTING).
Engine Control Module (ECM) not calibrated or has
incorrect calibration.A DTC should have been set. Refer to Powertrain
Diagnostic Procedures Information.
EXCESSIVE WHITE SMOKE
POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Fuel filter plugged. Refer to Powertrain Diagnostic Manual for fuel system
testing.
Fuel grade not correct or fuel quality is poor. Temporarily change fuel brands and note condition.
Change brand if necessary.
Fuel heater element or fuel heater temperature sensor
malfunctioning. This will cause wax type build-up in fuel
filter.Refer to Fuel Heater Testing (Refer to 14 - FUEL
SYSTEM/FUEL DELIVERY/FUEL HEATER -
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING).
Fuel injector malfunctioning. A DTC should have been set. Perform “Cylinder
Performance Test
orCylinder cutout Testusing DRB
scan tool to isolate individual cylinders. Also refer to
Powertrain Diagnostic Procedures Information and,
(Refer to 14 - FUEL SYSTEM/FUEL INJECTION/FUEL
INJECTOR - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING).
Fuel injector hold-downs loose. Torque to specifications.
Fuel injector protrusion not correct. Check washer (shim) at bottom of fuel injector for
correct thickness. (Referto 14 - FUEL SYSTEM/FUEL
INJECTION/FUEL INJECTOR - INSTALLATION)
Fuel injection pump malfunctioning. A DTC should have been set. Refer to Powertrain
Diagnostic Procedures Information.
Fuel supply side restriction. Refer to Powertrain Diagnostic Manual for fuel system
testing.
Fuel transfer (lift) pump malfunctioning. A DTC may have been set. Refer toPowertrain
Diagnostic Procedures Information.
Intake/Exhaust valve adjustments not correct (too tight). (Refer to 9 - ENGINE/CYLINDER HEAD/INTAKE/
EXHAUST VALVES & SEATS - STANDARD
PROCEDURE).
Intake manifold air temperature sensor malfunctioning. A DTC should havebeen set. Refer to Powertrain
Diagnostic Procedures Information.
Intake manifold heater circuit not functioning correctly in
cold weather.A DTC should have been set. Refer to Powertrain
Diagnostic Procedures Information. Also check heater
elements for correct operation.
Intake manifold heater elements not functioning
correctly in cold weather.A DTC should have been set if heater elements are
malfunctioning. Refer to Powertrain Diagnostic
Procedures Information.
Internal engine damage (scuffed cylinder). Analyze engine oil and inspect oil filter to locate area of
probable damage.
Restriction in fuel supply side of fuel system. Refer to Powertrain Diagnostic Manual for fuel system
testing.
EXCESSIVE BLUE SMOKE
POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTION
Dirty air cleaner or restricted turbocharger intake duct. Check Filter Minder
at air filter housing. (Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/AIR INTAKE SYSTEM/AIR CLEANER
ELEMENT - REMOVAL).
Air leak in boost system between turbocharger
compressor outlet and intake manifold.Service air charge system..
Obstruction in exhaust manifold. Remove exhaust manifold and inspect forblockage
(Refer to 9 - ENGINE/MANIFOLDS/EXHAUST
MANIFOLD - REMOVAL).
34. Remove lower fan shroud bracket (3) from
engine.
35. Remove upper fan shroud brackets from engine.
36. Disconnect engine block heater connector.
37. Disconnect A/C compressor and pressure sensor
electrical connectors.
38. Remove the passenger battery ground cable from
the engine block. Remove the driver side battery
ground cable from the engine block.
39. Remove power steering pump from engine by
removing 3 bolts.
40. Disconnect the ECM power connector.
41. Disconnect the ECM ground wire from the hydro-
form screw.
42. Disconnect the fuel supply and return hoses.
43. Remove the cylinder head cover (1). (Refer to 9 - ENGINE/CYLINDER HEAD/CYLINDER HEAD COVER(S) -
REMOVAL).
44. Disconnect the wire harnesses from the injectors (3).
45. Remove the cylinder head cover carrier gasket (2).
19. Connect fuel supply and return hoses.
20. Connect ECM ground to hydroform screw. Con-
nect ECM power connector.
21. Install the power steering pump.
22. Install the damper and speed indicator ring.
Torque to 40 Nꞏm (30 ft. lb) plus 60 degrees.
23. Install lower fan shroud bracket (3). Torque to 24
Nꞏm (18 ft. lb).
24. Install upper fan shroud brackets, but do not
tighten fasteners at this time.
25. Connect the engine block heater connection.
26. Connect the A/C compressor and pressure sensor
connectors
27. Install the charge air cooler (2). Install and tighten
the charge air cooler mounting bolts (1) to 2 Nꞏm
(17 in. lbs).
28. Connect the charge air cooler tubes (4). Torque all
clampsto8Nꞏm(72in.lbs).
CYLINDER HEAD
DESCRIPTION
The cylinder head is constructed of cast iron and is a one piece cross flow design with four valves per cylinder. The
arrangement of two intake and two exhaust valves per cylinder allows for a centrally located injector. The cylinder
head also includes an integral intake manifold, an integral thermostat housing, and a longitudal fuel return rifle,
which exits at the rear of the head. The 24 valve design also includes integrally cast valve guides and hardened
intake and exhaust valve seat inserts.
REMOVAL
1. Disconnect battery negative cables.
2. Raise vehicle on hoist.
3. Drain engine coolant.
4. Disconnect exhaust pipe from turbocharger elbow.
5. Remove turbocharger drain tube bolts at turbocharger. Cap off ports to prevent dirt or foreign material from enter-
ing.
6. Lower vehicle.
7. Disconnect air inlet temperature/pressure sensor.
8. Remove air cleaner housing and snorkel from the vehicle. Cap off turbocharger air inlet to prevent intrusion of
dirt or foreign material.
9. Disconnect cab heater core supply and return hoses from the cylinder head and heater pipe.
10. Disconnect turbocharger oil supply line at the turbocharger end. Cap off open ports to prevent intrusion of dirt
or foreign material.
11. Remove exhaust manifold-to-cylinder head bolts, spacers, heat shield, retention straps, and cab heater plumb-
ing. Remove exhaust manifold and turbocharger from the vehicle as an assembly.
12. Remove cooling fan/drive/shroud assembly. (Refer to 7 - COOLING/ENGINE/RADIATOR FAN - REMOVAL)
13. Remove accessory drive belt (Refer to 7 - COOLING/ACCESSORY DRIVE/DRIVE BELTS - REMOVAL).
14. Remove cooling fan support from cylinder block.
15. Remove upper generator bolt, loosen lower generator bolt, and rotate generator away from cylinder head.
16. Disconnect radiator upper hose from the thermostat housing.
17. Disconnect the Intake Air Temperature/Manifold Air Pressure, and Coolant Temperature sensor connectors.
18. Remove the engine harness to cylinder head attaching bolts and P-clipsat front of head.
19. Remove the intake air grid heater wires from the grid heater.
20. Remove engine oil level indicator tube attaching bolt at fuel filter housing bracket and inlet air connection..
21. Remove the charge air cooler-to-air inlet housing pipe.
22. Remove the engine wire harness attaching bolt and wire harness push-infastener from air inlet housing.
23. Remove the air inlet housing and intake grid heater from the intake manifold cover.
24. Remove the two grid heater harness-to-cylinder head attaching bolts at front of cylinder head.
NOTE: Extreme care should be used to keep dirt/debris from entering the fuel lines. Plastic caps should be
used on the ends of the fuel lines.
25.Remove the high pressure pump to fuel rail fuel line as follows:
a. Loosen fuel line nuts at fuel pump and at fuel rail.
b. Use a back-up wrench on the fitting at the fuel pump to keep it from loosening.
26. Remove the fuel rail to cylinder head fuel lines as follows:
a. Loosen No. 6 high pressure fuel line shield and position out of way.
b. Loosen the fuel line nuts at the fuel rail and at the cylinder head. Use a back-up wrench on HPC nut.
c. Remove the fuel line bracket bolts at the intake manifold cover.
27. Remove the engine lift bracket from the rear of the cylinder head.
28. Remove the fuel rail as follows:
a. Remove fuel rail pressure sensor connector.
b. Remove banjo fitting at pressure limiting valve.
c. Remove fuel rail bolts and fuel rail.
29. Remove the low pressure lines as follows:
a. Remove the fuel drain banjo fitting on the front side of fuel filter housing.
b. Remove the fuel drain banjo fitting on rear side of fuel filter housing.
c. Remove the fuel drain line support bracket on rear side of filter housing.
d. Disconnect fuel drain hose.
e. Remove banjo fitting at bottom of fuel filter housing.
f. Disconnect fuel supply hose at fuel filter.
30. Disconnect fuel heater, and water in fuel sensor.
31. Remove the fuel filter assembly-to-cylinder head bolts and remove filter assembly from vehicle.
32. Remove wire harness P-clip from cylinder head (located behind filter housing).
NOTE: For early builds. Verify that the cylinder head cover ground spring is retained in the cylinder head
cover.
33. Remove the cylinder head cover (Refer to 9 - ENGINE/CYLINDER HEAD/CYLINDER HEAD COVER(S) -
REMOVAL).
34.For early builds.Disconnect rocker housing injector harness connectors.
35. Remove injector harness nuts from injectors.
4. Install push rods into their original locations.Ve r i f y
that they are seated in the tappets.
5. Inspect rocker housing gasket for cuts and proper installation into groove. Replace if damaged.
6. Install rocker housing and bolts. Tighten to 24 Nꞏm (18 lb. ft.).
7. Install fuel injector (Refer to 14 - FUEL SYSTEM/FUEL INJECTION/FUEL INJECTOR - INSTALLATION).
8. Lubricate valve stem tips and install the cross-
heads in their original locations.
9. Lubricate the rocker arms (1) and pedestals (2)
and install them in their original locations. Install
the bolts and torque them to 36 Nꞏm (27 ft. lbs.).
10. Verify that the valve lash settings are maintained
(Refer to 9 - ENGINE/CYLINDER HEAD/INTAKE/
EXHAUST VALVES & SEATS - STANDARD
PROCEDURE).
11. Install cylinder head cover gasket onto rocker housing.
12. Install injector harness nuts. Tighten to 1.25 Nꞏm (11 in. lbs.).
13. Connect injector harness connectors at cylinder head cover gasket.
14. Install wire harness P-clip to cylinder head behind filter housing 24 Nꞏm (18 ft. lbs.).
15. Connect the IAT/MAP sensor connector.
16. Install the fuel filter housing assembly and hand tighten mounting bolts, Do not torque at this time.
17. Connect WIF sensor, and fuel heater.
CAUTION: Failure to follow procedure will result in fuel leaks and/or fuelsystem failure.
18.Install the fuel rail and high pressure fuel lines as follows:
a. Hand tighten fuel rail bolts.
b. Hand tighten fuel drain line to pressure limiting valve. Hand tighten banjo bolt at fuel filter housing.
c. Hand tighten fuel rail-to-cylinder head high pressure fuel lines.
d. Install fuel line brace bolts-to-intake manifold finger tight for fuellines#2thru#5.
e. Install fuel line brace nut to rear lift bracket stud, finger tight, for fuel line #6.
f. Hand tighten fuel pump to fuel rail line.
g. Torque fuel line nuts at cylinder head to 30 Nꞏm ( 22 ft. lbs.).
h. Torque fuel line nuts at fuel rail to 30 Nꞏm (22 ft. lbs.)
i. Usingabackupwrench,torquefuelpumptofuelraillineto37Nꞏm(27ft.lbs.). At injection pump.
j. Torque fuel pump to fuel rail line to 37 Nꞏm (27 ft. lbs.) at fuel rail.
k. Torque fuel drain banjo bolt at pressure limiting valve and front of fuelfilter housing to 24 Nꞏm (18 ft. lbs.).
l. Torque fuel line brace bolts to 24 Nꞏm (18 ft. lbs.).
m. Torque fuel line brace nut to 24 Nꞏm (18 ft. lbs.).
n. Torque rail bolts to 24 Nꞏm (18 ft. lbs.).
o. Connect fuel pressure sensor.
p. Torque fuel filter mounting bolts to 24 Nꞏm (18 ft. lbs.).
19. Reposition number 6 fuel line shield and torque to 43 Nꞏm (32 ft. lbs.).
20. Install the fuel filter to injection pump low pressure line. Inspect and replace sealing washers if necessary.
Torque banjo bolts to 24 Nꞏm (18 ft. lbs.).
21. Connect fuel return line at back of cylinder head hand tight.
22. Connect fuel return line at filter housing hand tight.
23. Torque banjo connections at cylinder head and fuel filter housing to 24Nꞏm (18 ft. lbs.)
24. Install bracket to rear of filter housing. Torque to 24 Nꞏm (18 ft. lbs.).
25. Using new gaskets, install the intake grid heater and air inlet housing. Torque bolts to 24 Nꞏm (18 ft. lbs.).
26. Install wire harness P-clip and push on clip to air inlet housing.
27. Connect engine oil level indicator tube at fuel filter housing and at air inlet housing.
28. Install the charge air cooler-to-air inlet housing duct assembly. Torque all clamps to 11 Nꞏm (100 in. lbs.).
29. Connect intake grid heater wires.
30. Secure engine harness to front of cylinder head with bolt at four locations.
31. Connect engine coolant temperature sensor connector.
32. Connect radiator upper hose to thermostat housing.
33. Rotate generator into position. Install upper bolt and torque upper and lower bolts.
34. Install wire harness push-on clip below bracket.
35. Install wire harness P-clip to top of bracket.
36. Install fan support and torque to 32 Nꞏm (24 ft. lbs.).
37. Install cooling fan/drive refer to (Refer to 7 - COOLING/ENGINE/RADIATOR FAN - INSTALLATION).
38. Install accessory drive belt (Refer to 7 - COOLING/ACCESSORY DRIVE/DRIVE BELTS - INSTALLATION).
39. Install exhaust manifold/turbocharger assembly, using new gaskets.Start all bolts/spacers by hand. Starting
from the center bolts out, Torque bolts to 43 Nꞏm (32 ft. lbs.), then retorque from the center out again.
40. Install exhaust manifold heat shield to exhaust manifold studs. Install retaining nuts.Torque to 24 Nꞏm (18 ft.
lbs.).
41. Install exhaust bolt retention straps across cylinders 5 & 6.
42. Using a new gasket, connect the turbocharger oil drain tube. Torque to 24Nꞏm(18ft.lbs.).
43. Perform the turbocharger pre-lube procedure. (Refer to 11 - EXHAUST SYSTEM/TURBOCHARGER SYSTEM/
TURBOCHARGER - INSTALLATION)
44. Connect the turbocharger oil supply line. Torque to 24 Nꞏm (18 ft. lbs.).
45. Install air cleaner housing and duct.
46. Connect air inlet temperature/pressure sensor.
47. Raise vehicle on hoist.