lever (Fig. 1). The ACM monitors the system to deter-
mine the system readiness. The ACM contains
on-board diagnostics, and will illuminate the AIR-
BAG warning lamp in the cluster when a fault
occurs. The warning equipment is tested for six to
eight seconds every time the vehicle is started.
CLOCKSPRING
The clockspring is mounted to the steering column
behind the steering wheel (Fig. 2). The clockspring is
used to maintain a continuous electrical circuit
between the wiring harness and the:
²Driver's airbag module
²Speed control switches
²Horn switch
The clockspring consists of a flat, ribbon like, elec-
trically conductive tape which winds and unwinds
with the steering wheel rotation.
DRIVER and PASSENGER AIRBAG MODULE
WARNING: NEVER DISASSEMBLE THE DRIVER OR
PASSENGER AIRBAG MODULES, THERE ARE NO
SERVICEABLE PARTS WITH IN THE MODULES.
The Driver Airbag Module located on the steering
wheel is the most visible part of the system (Fig. 3).
The airbag module contains a housing to which the
cushion, inflator and cover are attached to.
The driver side inflator assembly is mounted from
the back of the module housing. When supplied with
the proper electrical signal the inflator assembly will
produce a gas and discharge it directly into the cush-
ion. A protective cover is fitted to the front of the
Driver Airbag Module and forms a decorative cover
in the center of the steering wheel. The Driver Air-bag Module is mounted directly to the steering
wheel.
The Passenger Airbag Module is located beneath
the decorative cover of the instrument panel, facing
the passenger seat (Fig. 3).
The passenger inflator assembly is within the mod-
ule housing. The module is mounted to the instru-
ment panel retainer and support structure. When
supplied with the proper electrical signal the inflator
will produce a gas and discharge it directly into the
cushion. A protective cover is fitted over the airbag
module and forms a decorative cover.
Fig. 1 Airbag Control Module (ACM) Location -
Typical
1 ± AIRBAG CONTROL MODULE
Fig. 2 Clockspring Location
1 ± STEERING COLUMN
2 ± CLOCKSPRING
3 ± CLOCKSPRING ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR
4 ± IGNITION SWITCH ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR
Fig. 3 Driver/Passenger Airbag Modules
1 ± DRIVER AIRBAG
2 ± PASSENGER AIRBAG
8M - 2 PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEMSPL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
AIRBAG SYSTEM
(1) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable (Fig. 4).
(2) Connect the DRB llltscan tool to the Data
Link Connector (DLC), located at left side of the
steering column and at the lower edge of the lower
instrument panel (Fig. 5). Ensure that the latest ver-
sion is being used.
(3) Turn the ignition key to ON position. Exit vehi-
cle with the DRB llltscan tool.
(4) After checking that no one is inside the vehicle,
connect the battery negative cable.
(5) Using the DRB llltscan tool, read and record
active Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) data.
(6) Read and record any stored DTC's.
(7) Refer to the proper Body Diagnostic Procedures
Manual if any DTC's are found in Step 5 or Step 6.
(8) Erase stored DTC's if there are no active
DTC's. If problems remain, DTC's will not erase.
Refer to the proper Body Diagnostic Procedures Man-
ual to diagnose the problem.If airbag warning
lamp either fails to light, or goes on and stays
on, there is a system malfunction. Refer to the
proper Body Diagnostic Procedures Manual to
diagnose the problem.
SERVICE PROCEDURES
CLEAN UP PROCEDURE
Roll of fold the driver side airbag towards the
steering wheel and tape the airbag module cover over
deployed bag.
Roll or fold the passenger airbag towards the
instrument panel surface and close the door over the
folded bag. Then tape the door shut.
Use a vacuum cleaner to remove any residual pow-
der from the vehicle interior. Work from the outside
in to avoid kneeling or sitting in a contaminated
area. Vacuum the heater and A/C outlets as well. If
the heater or air conditioner was in RECIRC mode at
time of airbag deployment, operate blower motor on
low speed and vacuum powder residue expelled from
the heater and A/C outlets. Multiple vacuum cleaning
may to necessary to decontaminate the interior of the
vehicle.
NOTE: Dispose deployed airbag properly, contact
dealer or government agency for disposal recom-
mendations.
SERVICE OF DEPLOYED AIRBAG MODULE
DRIVER AIRBAG
After a Driver Airbag Module has been deployed
the following components must be replaced because
they cannot be reused. Other driver airbag system
components are replaced if damaged.
²Driver Airbag Module
Fig. 4 Battery Negative Cable Remove/Install
1 ± NEGATIVE CABLE
2 ± NEGATIVE BATTERY POST
Fig. 5 Data Link Connector (DLC) Location
1 ± DATA LINK CONNECTOR (DLC)
2 ± BRAKE PEDAL
PLPASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEMS 8M - 3
²Clockspring assembly
²Steering Column Assembly w/Lower Steering
Column Coupler
PASSENGER AIRBAG
After a Passenger Airbag Module has been
deployed, replace the following components because
they cannot be reused.
²Passenger Airbag Module
Inspect all the attaching hardware and instrument
panel for damage. If damage is evident, components
should be replaced.
HANDLING AIRBAG MODULES
DEPLOYED AIRBAG MODULE
The vehicle interior may contain a very small
amount of sodium hydroxide powder, a by-product of
airbag deployment. Sodium hydroxide powder can
irritate the skin, eyes, nose and throat. Wear safety
glasses, rubber gloves, and long sleeved clothing
when cleaning any of the powder residue from the
vehicle.
If you find that the cleanup is irritating your skin,
run cool water over the affected area. Also, if you
experience nasal or throat irritation, exit the vehicle
for fresh air until the irritation ceases. If irritation
continues, see a physician.
UNDEPLOYED AIRBAG MODULE
The airbag modules must be stored in its original
special container until used for service. At no time
should a source of electricity be permitted near the
inflator on the back of an airbag module. When car-
rying or handling an undeployed airbag module, the
trim side of the airbag should be pointing away from
the body to minimize possibility of injury if acciden-
tal deployment occurs. Do not place undeployed air-
bag face down on a solid surface, the airbag will
propel into the air if accidentally deployment occurs.
MAINTENANCE INSPECTION
(1) Check the airbag warning lamp for proper
operation as follows:
(a) Turn ignition switch to the ON position, the
airbag warning lamp should light. If not, test the
system using a DRB llltscan tool and the proper
Body Diagnostic Procedures Manual.
(b) The airbag warning lamp lights, but fails to
go out after eight seconds. Test the system using a
DRB llltscan tool and the proper Body Diagnostic
Procedures Manual.
(c) After correcting active malfunction erase
stored Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC's).
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
AIRBAG CONTROL MODULE (ACM)
WARNING: THE ACM CONTAINS THE SENSING
ELEMENT AND A SAFING SENSOR WHICH
ENABLES THE SYSTEM TO DEPLOY THE AIR-
BAGS. TO AVOID ACCIDENTAL DEPLOYMENT,
NEVER CONNECT ACM ELECTRICALLY TO THE
SYSTEM WHILE VEHICLE BATTERY IS CON-
NECTED.
DISCONNECT AND ISOLATE THE BATTERY NEG-
ATIVE (GROUND) CABLE BEFORE BEGINNING ANY
AIRBAG SYSTEM COMPONENT REMOVAL OR
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE. THIS WILL DISABLE
THE AIRBAG SYSTEM. FAILURE TO DISCONNECT
BATTERY COULD RESULT IN ACCIDENTAL AIRBAG
DEPLOYMENT AND POSSIBLE PERSONAL INJURY.
ALLOW SYSTEM CAPACITOR TO DISCHARGE
FOR 1 MINUTE BEFORE REMOVING ANY AIRBAG
COMPONENTS.
REMOVAL
(1) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable (Fig. 4).
(2) Remove center console. Refer to Group 23 Body,
Floor Console Removal and Installation.
(3) Remove module mounting nuts and remove
module (Fig. 6).
(4) Disconnect ACM 23-way connector.
(5) Remove ACM from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Connect ACM connector and ensure that the
connector and all locking tabs are engaged.
CAUTION: USE SUPPLIED NUTS ONLY
(2) Position ACM (arrow pointing forward) in the
console floor bracket, attach the nuts and tighten to
9.6 to 14 N´m (85 to 125 in. lbs.) torque.
Fig. 6 Airbag Control Module (ACM) Remove/Install
8M - 4 PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEMSPL
SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued)
(3) Install center console assembly. Refer to Group
23 Body, Floor Console Removal and Installation.
(4) Do not connect battery negative cable. Refer to
Diagnosis and Testing for Airbag System Test for the
proper procedures.
CLOCKSPRING
WARNING: DISCONNECT AND ISOLATE THE BAT-
TERY NEGATIVE (GROUND) CABLE BEFORE
BEGINNING ANY AIRBAG SYSTEM COMPONENT
REMOVAL OR INSTALLATION PROCEDURE. THIS
WILL DISABLE THE AIRBAG SYSTEM. FAILURE TO
DISCONNECT BATTERY COULD RESULT IN ACCI-
DENTAL AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT AND POSSIBLE
PERSONAL INJURY.
ALLOW SYSTEM CAPACITOR TO DISCHARGE
FOR 1 MINUTE BEFORE REMOVING ANY AIRBAG
COMPONENTS.
REMOVAL
(1) Place the front road wheels in the straight
ahead position then:
²Rotate the steering wheel half turn (180
degrees) to the right (clockwise).
²Lock column with ignition lock cylinder.
(2) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable (Fig. 4).
(3) Wait one minute for the reserve capacitor to
discharge before removing non-deployed module.
(4) Remove steering wheel. Refer to Steering
Wheel Removal and Installation in this section.
(5) Remove upper and lower steering column
shrouds to gain access to clockspring wiring. Refer to
Group 8E Instrument Panel Systems, Steering Col-
umn Shroud Removal and Installation.
(6) Remove multi-function switch. Refer to Group
8J-Turn Signal and Hazard Warning Systems, Multi-
Function Switch Removal and Installation.
(7) Disconnect the 7-way connector between the
clockspring and the instrument panel wiring harness
at the base of the clockspring.
(8) Remove clockspring by lifting the top latch tab
up slightly to guide it over the lock housing (Fig. 7).
The clockspring cannot be repaired, and must be
replaced if faulty.
(9) Rotate clockspring rotor a half turn (180
degrees) to the left (counter clockwise).
(10) Lock the clockspring rotor in the center posi-
tion as follows: Insert a paper clip wire through the
hole in the rotor at the 10 O'clock position and bend
to prevent it from falling out.
INSTALLATION
(1) Confirm that:²The steering wheel position is a half turn (180
degrees) to the right (clockwise)
²The column is locked with the ignition cylinder
lock.
²Check that the turn signal stalk is in the neu-
tral position
²When reusing the clockspring, remove locking
wire and rotate clockspring rotor one half turn (180
degrees) to the right (clockwise). Locate the clock-
spring on the steering shaft and push down on the
rotor until the clockspring is fully seated on the
steering column.
²When installing a new clockspring, position the
front wheels straight a head. Remove grenade pin.
Rotate clockspring rotor one half turn (180 degrees)
to the right (clockwise).
(2) Connect the clockspring to the instrument
panel harness, ensure wiring is properly routed.
Then check that the connectors, locking tabs are
properly engaged and the halo lamp wire is in posi-
tion.
(3) Install steering column shrouds. Be sure all
wires are inside of shrouds.
(4) Install steering wheel ensuring the flats on hub
align with the clockspring. Pull the horn, airbag and
speed control leads through the larger slot. Ensure
leads do not get pinched under the steering wheel.
(5) Route speed control wires under and behind
the airbag module mounting tabs.
(6) Connect the horn lead wire and the airbag lead
wire to the airbag module.
(7) Install the airbag module and tighten bolts to
12 to 14 N´m (105 to 125 in. lbs.) torque.
(8) Connect the speed control wires to the switches
and install switches. Tighten screws to 2 N´m (20 in.
lbs.) torque.
Fig. 7 Clockspring Latch Hooks
1 ± CLOCKSPRING
2 ± LATCH HOOKS
3 ± STEERING COLUMN
PLPASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEMS 8M - 5
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
PASSENGER AIRBAG MODULE
WARNING: DISCONNECT AND ISOLATE THE BAT-
TERY NEGATIVE (GROUND) CABLE BEFORE
BEGINNING ANY AIRBAG SYSTEM COMPONENT
REMOVAL OR INSTALLATION PROCEDURE. THIS
WILL DISABLE THE AIRBAG SYSTEM. FAILURE TO
DISCONNECT BATTERY COULD RESULT IN ACCI-
DENTAL AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT AND POSSIBLE
PERSONAL INJURY.
ALLOW SYSTEM CAPACITOR TO DISCHARGE
FOR 1 MINUTE BEFORE REMOVING ANY AIRBAG
COMPONENTS.
NON-DEPLOYED MODULE
REMOVAL
When removing a module for any reason other
than DEPLOYMENT.
(1) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable (Fig. 4).
(2) Wait one minute for the reserve capacitor to
discharge before removing non-deployed module.
(3) Remove instrument panel top cover. Refer to
Group 8E Instrument Panel Systems, Instrument
Panel Top Cover Removal and Installation.
(4) Remove three screws to glove box door and
remove door from instrument panel.
(5) Remove three passenger airbag cover screws
attaching cover to top of instrument panel (Fig. 9).(6) Remove two passenger airbag cover screws
attaching cover to front lower instrument panel.
(7) Remove three module attaching nuts from the
support structure.
(8) Lift module up until the wire connector is visi-
ble and disconnect the 4-way wire connector from
module. Unlock the red locking tab and compress
lock to release the connector (Fig. 10).
Fig. 9 Passenger Airbag Module Remove/Install
Fig. 10 Airbag Module Connector
1 ± UNLOCK
2 ± LOCK
3 ± PRESS LOCK
4 ± RED LOCKING TAB
PLPASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEMS 8M - 7
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
INSTALLATION
For installation, reverse the above procedures.
Ensure that the red locking tab is in the lock position
after installing the connector. Tighten trim screws to
2 N´m (20 in. lbs.) torque. Tighten the three module
retaining nuts to 22 to 34 N´m (200 to 300 in. lbs.)
torque. Do not connect battery negative cable. Refer
to Diagnosis and Testing for Airbag System Test pro-
cedures.
DEPLOYED MODULE
REMOVAL
When removing a deployed module, rubber gloves,
eye protection, and a long-sleeved shirt should be
worn, as there may be deposits on the surface which
could irritate the skin and eyes.
(1) Roll/fold airbag towards instrument panel.
(2) Close door over folded airbag and tape door
closed.
(3) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable (Fig. 4).
(4) Remove instrument panel top cover. Refer to
Group 8E Instrument Panel Systems, Instrument
Panel Top Cover Removal and Installation.
(5) Remove three screws to glove box door and
remove door from instrument panel.
(6) Remove three passenger airbag cover screws
attaching cover to top of instrument panel (Fig. 9).
(7) Remove two passenger airbag cover screws
attaching cover to front lower instrument panel.
(8) Remove three module attaching nuts from the
support structure.
(9) Lift module up until the wire connector is visi-
ble and disconnect the 4-way wire connector from
module. Unlock the red locking tab and compress
lock to release the connector (Fig. 10).
INSTALLATION
For installation, reverse the above procedures.
Ensure that the red locking tab is in the lock position
after installing the connector. Tighten trim screws to
2 N´m (20 in. lbs.) torque. Tighten the module nuts to
22 to 34 N´m (200 to 300 in. lbs.) torque. Do not con-
nect battery negative cable. Refer to Diagnosis and
Testing for Airbag System Test procedures.
STEERING WHEEL
WARNING: DISCONNECT AND ISOLATE THE BAT-
TERY NEGATIVE (GROUND) CABLE BEFORE
BEGINNING ANY AIRBAG SYSTEM COMPONENT
REMOVAL OR INSTALLATION PROCEDURE. THIS
WILL DISABLE THE AIRBAG SYSTEM. FAILURE TO
DISCONNECT BATTERY COULD RESULT IN ACCI-DENTAL AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT AND POSSIBLE
PERSONAL INJURY.
ALLOW SYSTEM CAPACITOR TO DISCHARGE
FOR 1 MINUTE BEFORE REMOVING ANY AIRBAG
COMPONENTS.
REMOVAL
(1) Adjust the steering wheel so that the tires are
in the straight ahead position. Then:
(a) Rotate the steering wheel half turn (180
degrees) to the right (clockwise).
(b) Lock column with the ignition cylinder lock.
(2) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable (Fig. 4).
(3) Remove the speed control switches and discon-
nect the wire connectors or covers (Fig. 11).
(4) Remove the Driver Airbag Module attaching
bolts from the back of steering wheel.
(5) Lift module and disconnect the airbag and horn
wire connectors.
(6) Remove steering wheel retaining nut.
(7) Remove the steering wheel with a steering
wheel puller (Fig. 12). While removing the steering
wheel take care to feed the wires gently through the
holes in the steering wheel.
INSTALLATION
(1) Confirm that:
(a) The steering wheel position is a half turn
(180 degrees) to the right (clockwise).
(b) The column is locked with the ignition cylin-
der lock.
(c) Check that the turn signal stalk is in the
neutral position.
(2) Install the steering wheel ensuring the flats on
hub align with the clockspring. Pull the horn lead,
airbag and speed control leads through the larger
Fig. 11 Steering Wheel Remove/Install
8M - 8 PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEMSPL
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
ELECTRICALLY HEATED SYSTEMS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER SYSTEM.........1
REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER SWITCH.........1
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
GRID LINES.............................2
REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER SWITCH.........2REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER SYSTEM.........2
SERVICE PROCEDURES
GRID LINE AND TERMINAL REPAIR..........3
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER SWITCH.........4
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER SYSTEM
For proper operation of the Rear Window Defogger
system refer to the Owner's Manual.
The system consists of a rear glass with two verti-
cal bus bars and a series of electrically connected
grid lines fired on the inside surface (Fig. 1). A con-
trol switch and a timing circuit are combined into a
single assembly.
Circuit protection is provided by a cartridge fuse
located in the Power Distribution Center (PDC) for
the heated grid circuit, and by a fuse in the fuse
block for the control circuit.
When the switch is turned to the ON position, cur-
rent is directed to the rear defogger grid lines. The
heated grid lines heat the rear glass to clear the sur-
face of fog or frost.CAUTION: Grid lines can be damaged or scraped
off with sharp instruments. Care should be taken in
cleaning glass or removing foreign materials,
decals or stickers. Normal glass cleaning solvents
or hot water used with rags or toweling is recom-
mended.
REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER SWITCH
The rear window defogger switch is a control
switch and timing circuit integrated into a single
panel mounted assembly (Fig. 2). Actuating the
switch energizes the circuit which allows current to
flow through the grid lines. Upon initial actuation for
approximately eight to ten minutes, or until either
the switch or ignition is turned off. An indicating
lamp illuminates a Light Emitting Diode (LED)
inlaid in the control switch.
Fig. 1 Rear Window Defogger - Typical
1 ± REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER
Fig. 2 Rear Window Defogger Switch Location
1 ± REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER SWITCH
2 ± TRACTION CONTROL SWITCH
3 ± CIGAR LIGHTER/AUXILIARY POWER OUTLET
PLELECTRICALLY HEATED SYSTEMS 8N - 1
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
GRID LINES
The horizontal grid lines and vertical bus bar lines
printed and fired on the inside surface of rear win-
dow glass (Fig. 5) comprise an electrical parallel cir-
cuit. The electrically conductive lines are composed of
a silver-ceramic material which when fired on glass
becomes bonded to the glass and is highly resistant
to abrasion. It is possible however, that a break may
occur in an individual grid line resulting in no cur-
rent flow through the line. To detect breaks in grid
lines the following procedure is required:
(1) Turn ignition ON and turn control switch to
ON. The LED should come on.
(2) Using a DC voltmeter with 0-15 volt range,
contact terminal (B) with the negative lead of the
voltmeter. With the positive lead of the voltmeter,
contact terminal (A) (Fig. 5). The voltmeter should
read 10-14 volts. A lower voltage reading indicates a
poor connection in the feed or the ground circuit.
(3) With the negative lead of the voltmeter, contact
a good body ground point. The voltage reading should
not change.
(4) Connect the negative lead of the voltmeter to
terminal (B) and touch each grid line at Mid-Point
with the positive lead. A reading of:
²Approximately 6 volts indicates the line is OK.
²0 volts indicates a break in line between Mid-
Point (C) and terminal (A).
²10-14 volts indicates a break between Mid-Point
(C) and terminal (B).
Move the lead toward the break and voltage will
change as soon as the break is crossed. Refer to (Fig.
5).
REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER SWITCH
The rear window defogger switch may be tested in
the vehicle or out of the vehicle, on the bench.
IN-VEHICLE TESTING
(1) Remove the switch from the instrument panel
but leave the switch connected, refer to Group 8E-In-
strument Panel and Systems, Auxiliary Switch Bezel
Removal and Installation.
(2) Turn the ignition switch ON.
(3) Using a voltmeter, check for battery voltage at
Pin 1 and 2 (Fig. 3).
(a) If OK, go to Step 4.
(b) If NOT OK, check fuse 7 in the fuse block
and the 40 Amp cartridge fuse in the Power Distri-
bution Center (PDC). If fuses are OK, check wiring
circuit. Refer to Group 8W-Wiring Diagrams.
(4) Check Pin 5, with switch in the ON position
there should be battery voltage and no voltage in the
OFF position.(a) If OK, go to Step 5.
(b) If NOT OK, no voltage in the ON position or
voltage in the OFF position. Replace the switch.
(5) Press switch to ON position. The indicator
lamp should come on and remain on for approxi-
mately 10 minutes. If the indicator lamp fails to light
or no voltage is present for approximately 10 min-
utes. Replace Rear Window Defogger Switch. Refer to
Group 8E-Instrument Panel and Systems, Auxiliary
Switch Bezel Removal and Installation.
BENCH TESTING
(1) First remove switch. Refer to Group 8E-Instru-
ment Panel and Systems, Auxiliary Switch Bezel
Removal and Installation.
(2) With switch removed from vehicle, use a
jumper wire and connect a 12 volt supply to Pin 1
and 2. Using a third jumper wire, ground Pin 3.
Refer to (Fig. 4) and the Rear Window Defogger
Switch and Harness Connector Pin Call-Outs table.
(3) Follow the same procedures used for IN-VEHI-
CLE TESTING, except for step Step 2.
REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER SYSTEM
Electrically heated rear window defogger operation
can be checked in the vehicle in the following man-
ner:
(1) Turn the ignition switch to the ON position.
Fig. 3 Rear Window Defogger Switch Harness
Connector
REAR WINDOW DEFOGGER SWITCH AND
HARNESS CONNECTOR PIN CALL-OUTS
PIN FUNCTION
1 FUSED B+
2 FUSED IGNITION SWITCH OUTPUT
(RUN)
3 GROUND
4 PANEL LAMPS DRIVER
5 PANEL LAMPS DRIVER
8N - 2 ELECTRICALLY HEATED SYSTEMSPL