1995 NISSAN ALMERA N15 Throttle

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description

KEY POINTS
WHAT .....Vehicle &engine model
WHEN Date,Frequencies
WHERE Roadconditions
HOW Operatingconditions,
Weather conditions,
Symptoms
SEF907L
WORKSHEET SAMPLE
Diagnostic
Worksheet

There aremany operating conditions thatlead tothe malfunc-
tion ofengine components. Agood grasp ofsuch conditions can
make troubleshooting fasterandmore accurate.
In general, eachcustomer feelsdifferently aboutaproblem. It
is important tofully understand thesymptoms orconditions for
a customer complaint.
Utilize adiagnostic worksheet liketheone shown belowin
order toorganize allthe information fortroubleshooting.

•

Customer name
MR/MS Model
&
Year
.

VIN
Engine
#
Trans. Mileage
Incident Date Manu!.Date InService Date

o
Impossible tostart
o

No combustion

o
Partial combustion

o
Startability
o

Partial combustion affectedbythrottle position
LJ Partial combustion NOTaffected bythrottle position

o
Possible buthard tostart
o
Others [

1

o
Idling
o

No fast idle
o
Unstable
o

High idle
o
Low idle

o
Others [

1

Symptoms

o
Stumble
o
Surge
o
Knock
o
Lack ofpower

o
Driveability
i.J
Intake backfire
o
Exhaust backfire

o
Others [

1

o
At the lime ofstart
o

While idling

[.J
Engine stall

o
While accelerating
o

While decelerating

o
Just after stopping
o

While loading
Incident occurrence
o

Just after delivery
o
Recently

o
Inthe morning
o
At night
o
Inthe daytime
Frequency
o
All the time
o

Under certain conditions

o
Sometimes
Weather conditions
o
Not affected
Weather
o
Fine DRaining
o
Snowing
o
Others [

1

Temperature
o
Hot
o
Warm
o
Cool
o

Cold

o
Humid OF

o
Cold
o
During warm-up
o
After warm-up
Engine conditions
Enginespeed

I
I
I
I

I
I
I

I

I

0 2,000 4,000
6,000 8,000
rpm

Road conditions
o
Intown
o
Insuburbs
o

Highway

o
Off road (up/down)

o
Not affected

o
At starting
o
While idling
o
At racing

o
While accelerating
o
While cruising
Driving conditions
o

While decelerating
o

While turning (RH/LH)
Vehicle speed
I
,

I
I
I III
I
I
I
II

0 10 20 30
40
5060
MPH

Malfunction indicatorlamp
o
Turned on
o
Not turned on

EC-61

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
Diagnostic TroubleCode(DTC) Chart
ENGINE RELATED ITEMS

Detected items
Diagnostic
trouble code
(ScreentermsforCONSULT, Malfunction
isdetected when...
No. "SELF-DIAG RESULTS"mode)
11 Camshaftpositionsensorcircuit
•Either
l'
or 180' signal isnot detected bythe ECM forthe first few
(CAMSHAFT POSISEN)
secondsduringengine cranking .
• Either
l'
or 180' signal isnot detected bythe ECM often enough
while theengine speedishigher thanthespecified rpm.
• The relation between
l'
and 180' signals isnot inthe normal range
during thespecified rpm.
12 Massairflow sensor circuit
•An excessively highorlow voltage isentered toECM.
(MASS AIRFLOW SEN) •Voltage senttoECM isnot practical whencompared withthecam-
shaft position sensorsignalandthrottle position sensorsignal.
13 Enginecoolant temperature sen-•An excessively highorlow voltage fromthesensor isdetected by
sor circuit
theECM.
(COOLANT TEMPSEN)
21 Ignitionsignalcircuit
•The ignition signalinthe primary circuitisnot detected bythe ECM
(IGN SIGNAL-PRIMARY)
duringengine cranking orrunning .
28*1 OVERHEAT •The engine coolant temperature sensoroutputvoltage isbelow
0.35V .
34"2 Knocksensor circuit •An excessively loworhigh voltage fromthesensor isdetected by
(KNOCK SENSOR) theECM.
41 *3 Intakeairtemperature sensorcir-•An excessively highorlow voltage fromthesensor isdetected by
cuit theECM.
(INT AIRTEMP SEN) •Voltage senttoECM isnot practical whencompared withtheengine
coolant temperature sensorsignal.

55
Nofailure •No malfunction isdetected bythe ECM.
(NO SELF DIAGNOSTIC FAILURE
INDICATED ...)
"1: Except forAustralia
*2: Except forEurope andIsrael
"3: For Australia
*4: This isQuick Reference of"DTC CONFIRMATION PROCEDURE".
Details aredescribed ineach TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTCXX
Abbreviations areasfollows:
IGN: ON :Turning theignition switchONisrequired forthe ECM todetect amalfunction (ifone exists).
RUNNING: Runningengineisrequired forthe ECM todetect amalfunction (ifone exists).
*5: •The "OVERALL FUNCTIONCHECK"isasimplified andeffective waytoinspect acomponent orcircuit.
In some cases, the"OVERALL FUNCTIONCHECK"isused rather thana"DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLECODECONFIRMA-
TION PROCEDURE".
When noDTC CONFIRMATION PROCEDUREisavailable, the"NG" result ofthe OVERALL FUNCTION CHECKcanbe
considered tomean thesame asaDTC detection .
• During an"NG" OVERALL FUNCTION CHECK,theDTC might notbeconfirmed.

EC-62

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description
Fail-Safe Chart

The ECM enters fail-safe mode,ifany ofthe following DTCsisrecorded duetothe open orshort circuit.

DTC No. Detected
items
Engineoperating conditioninfail-safe mode
12 Massairflow sensor
Enginespeedwillnotrise more than3,000 rpm*1 duetothe fuel cut.
circuit
13 Engine
coolant tem-
Engine coolant temperature willbedetermined basedonthe time after turning ignition
perature sensorcir-switch "ON"or"START".
cuit ExceptforEurope andIsrael
Condition Enginecoolant temperature decided
Just asignition switchisturned ONorStart 30'C(B6'F)
More than5minutes afterignition ONorStart BO'G
(176'F)
Except asshown above 30
-BO'C (B6-176'F)
(Depends onthe time)
For Europe andIsrael
Condition Enginecoolant temperature decided
Just asignition switchisturned ONorStart 35'C
(95'F)
More than4.5minutes afterignition ONor
BO'G(176'F)
Start
Except asshown above 35
-BO'C (95-176'F)
(Depends onthe time)
When thefail-safe systemforengine coolant temperature sensorisactivated, thecooling
fan operates whileengine isrunning.
43 Throttle position Throttle
position willbedetermined basedonthe injected fuelamount andtheengine
sensor circuit speed.
Therefore, acceleration willbepoor.
Condition Driving
condition
When engine isidling Normal
When accelerating Poor
acceleration

-
ECM
Fail-safe
systemactivating conditionwhenECMismalfunctioning

The computing functionofthe ECM wasjudged tobe malfunctioning.
When thefail-safe systemactivates (i.e.,ifthe ECM detects amalfunction conditionin
the CPU ofECM), theMALFUNCTION INDICATORLAMPonthe instrument panellightsto
warn thedriver.

Engine control, withfail-safe system,operates whenECMismalfunctioning

When thefail-safe systemisoperating, fuelinjection, ignitiontiming,fuelpump
operation, IACV-AACvalveoperation andcooling fanoperation arecontrolled undercer-
tain limitations.
Operation

Engine speed Engine
speed
will
notrise more than3,000 rpm

Fuel injection Simultaneous
multipartfuelinjection system
Ignition timing Ignition
timingisfixed atthe preset valve
Fuel pump Fuel
pump' relayis"ON" when engine isrunning and"OFF" whenengine
stalls
IACV-AAG valve Full
open
Cooling fans Cooling
fanrelay "ON" whenengine isrunning, and"OFF" whenengine
stalls
EC-64

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description

Goto
(J.

Adjust ignition timingby
turning distributor.

No
NG

(Go to
@
onnext page.)

OK
CONNECT
CONSULTTOTHE VEHICLE.

Connect "CONSULT" tothe data link
connector forCONSULT andselect
"ENGINE" fromthemenu. Referto

EC-36
DOES ENGINE START?
BEFORE
STARTING

1. Check service records forany recent
repairs thatmay indicate arelated •
problem, orthe current needfor
scheduled maintenance.
2. 9pen engine hoodandcheck thefol.
lowing:
• Harness connectors forimproper con-
nections
• Vacuum hosesforsplits, kinks,or
improper connections
• Wiring forimproper connections,
pinches, orcuts

CHECK IGNITION TIMING.

1. Warm upengine sufficiently.
2. Stop engine anddisconnect throttle
position sensorharness connector.
3. Start engine.
4. Check ignition timingatidle using
timing light.

Ignition liming:

Refer toEC-36.
Basic
Inspection
Precaution:
Perform BasicInspection withoutelectrical or
mechanical loads

applied;
• Headlamp switchisOFF,
• Air conditioner switchisOFF,
• Rear defogger switchisOFF,
• Steering wheelisin the straight-ahead position,etc.

m

\\

~
~ SEF1421

~use box

~-~

vll-JI-
Datalinkconnector~'

EC-65

@

(Go tonext page)

(;]

1

CHECK IDLEADJ. SCREW INITIALSET
NG
Adjust engine speedby

~
RPM.
turning
idleadjusting

Base idlespeed: RefertoEC-36.
screw.

II
t
K

CHECK THROTTLE POSITIONSENSOR
NG
Adjust output
voltage
to

~
IDLE POSITION.
0.50

:l:
0.1V byrotating

00
1.
Perform ''THRTlPOSSEN throttle
position sensor
ADJ" in"WORK SUPPORT" body.
mode.
2. Check thatoutput
voltage
of
throttle position sensoris
approx. 0.35to0.65V (Throttle

valve
fullycloses.) and"ClSD
THlIP SW"stays "ON".
OR

00
Measure
output
voltage
ofthrot-
tle position sensorusing

voltmeter,
andcheck thatitis
approx. 0.35to0.65V. (Throttle

valve
fullyclosed.)
OK

RESETIDLEPOSITION
MEMORY.

1. Warm upengine suffi-
ciently.
2. Turn ignition switch
"OFF" andwait at
least 5seconds.
3. Disconnect
throttle
position sensorhar-
ness connector.

4.
Start
engine andwait
at least 5seconds in
"N" position .
5. Reconnect throttle
position sensorhar-
ness connector while
running engine.

TROUBLE
DIAGNOSIS -General Description
Basic Inspection (Coni'd)
@

• THRTl POSSEN ADJ.
0

* **
ADJ MONITOR
***

THRTL POSSEN 0.52V

==========
MONITOR
==========

CMPS.RPM (REF)Orpm
CLSD THLIPOSI ON

SEF516Q
SEF12BR EC-66

TROUBLEDIAGNOSIS -General Description

*
MONITOR
*
NO FAIL
ENG TEMP SEN 80°C

RECORD

Cam follower
lever
o

SEF214N
SEF147N Fast
IdleCam (FIC) Inspection andAdjustment
- For Europe andIsrael

1. Start engine andwarm itup.

(ij\
2.See "ENG TEMP SEN"or"COOLAN TEMP/S"in
~ "DATAMONITOR" modewithCONSULT.
3. When engine coolant temperature is80:l: 5°C
(176:l:9°F), makesurethatmark @isaligned with
mark ~asshown inthe figure.

SEF536H •
2.
Disconnect enginecoolant temperature sensorhar-
ness connector andcheck resistance asshown in
the figure.
3. When theresistance ofengine coolant temperature
sensor is0.26 to0.39 kQ,make surethatmark @is
aligned withmark
@
asshown inthe figure.
If NG, adjust byturning adjusting screw.

Adjusting serewtightening torque:
0.98 -1.96 N.m(10-20 kg-em, 8.7-17.4 in-Ib)
Cam follower
lever Fast
idleearn
Thermo-
element
SEF148N
4.
Stop engine.

rF.i\
5.Turn ignition switch"ON"andsee "ENG TEMP
~ SEN"or"COOLAN TEMP/S"in"DATA MONITOR"
mode withCONSULT.
6. When engine coolant temperature is25:l: 5°C
(77:l: 9°F), make surethatmark
CID
isaligned with
mark @asshown inthe figure.
~ 5.When theresistance ofengine coolant temperature
~ sensoris1.65 to2.40 kQ,make surethatmark
CID
is
aligned withmark
@
asshown inthe figure.
• IfNG, replace thermo-element andperform theabove
inspection andadjustment again.

Fast IdleCam (FIC) Inspection andAdjustment
- Except forEurope andIsrael

1. Remove throttlebodyfromengine.
2. Wait foratleast 3hours.
(This stepisnecessary tobring thetemperature ofthe
thermo-element tothe room temperature

EC-68

•

2**
5*
Go
tostep

L:

Thermo-element stroke
*: Thermo-element isnormal. Adjustfirstidlecam only.
**: Thermo-element ismalfunctioning. Replacethermo-element, andperform
inspection beginningwithstep 2.
TROUBLE
DIAGNOSIS -General Description ~
Fast IdleCam (FIC) Inspection andAdjustment
- Except forEurope andIsrael (Cont'd)
3. Measure thermo-element stroke(L)and room temperature.
4. Check thermo-element stroke(L)asshown inthe figure.
Thermo-element

1645
1(0.6476)

I
15.35
: (06043)
'14.24
: (05610)

I

: 1290 :

I
(0.508)
I

I I

I I

I I

: I

I
r

I
r
r
I

I
I

-20 02025 40
HI (32)(68)(77) (104)

Thermo-element temperature°C(OF)
17

(0.669)

16

C (0630)

"" 15

~ (0591)

::J
14

-; (0.551)

t5
13

fJi
(0.512)
12 11.05
(0472) (0435)

11

(0433)

10

(0.394) 9.95
(0.392)
SEF0810

GA15DE
*.
GA16DE
Clearance
@ Adjusting
screw (s)
Lock nut

Fast idle

carn

SEF0820
SEF0830
5.
Adjust clearance
@
between throttlestopper andthrottle
adjusting screwtospecification byturning adjusting screw
(8).
Engine models Clearance
@
mm (in)
M/T 0.40-0.75 (0.0157 -0.0295)
GA15DE A/T0.61
-0.95 (0.0240 -0.0374)
M/T 0.72
-1.18 (0.0283 -0.0465)
GA16DE
A/T0.95
-1.43 (0.0374 -0.0563)
6. Rotate adjusting screw(8)clockwise orcounterclockwise
by Zturns according tothe following equation, thentighten
the adjusting screwlocknut.
L (mm) -L8* (mm) L(in) -L8* (IN)
Z =-------~ /Z =--------

Y
(mm)
Y
(in)
Value ofthe specified line(Ls) atthe temperature ofthermo-
element actuallymeasured.
Y
=
0.5 (GA 15DE)
0.8 (GA 16DE)
• Direction ofadjusting screw(8)rotation
(1) Positive (+)Z:Counterclockwise
(2) Negative (- )Z: Clockwise
EC-69

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES -General Description
Symptom MatrixChart(Cont'd)

SYMPTOM
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~
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- ECCS system
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w

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page

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AA ASAC AD AEAFAG AH AJAK ALAM HA
ECCS Camshaft
positionsensorcircuit

•••
0
0
()

0 0
EC-94
Mass airflow sensor circuit

••
•
0

•
••

•
EC-101
(Heated) oxygensensorcircuit

••
0

• •
•

•
EC-189,194
Engine coolant temperature sensor

••
•
0

••
•

•
•
•
EC-108
circuit
Throttle position sensorcircuit

•• ••• ••
•
EC-128
Incorrect throttleposition sensor

•
()
()

•
0
0

•
()

EC-65
adjustment
Vehicle speedsensor circuit
0
C)
()

0
EC-133
Knock sensor circuit

000 0
EC-119
ECM
0
()

0 0
()

0
()

()()

0 0
EC-64
Start signal circuit
0
EC-138
Park/Neutral positionswitchcircuit

0
0
0
0

0
EC-173
Power steering oilpressure switchcir-

0
(J

0
EC-169
cuit
• ;High Possibility Item

0;
Low Possibility Item

EC-72
(continued
onnext page)