
BRAKES 5-3 
DIAGNOSIS AND INSPECTION 
BRAKE SYSTEM  TESTING 
(Figures 
2 through 4) 
Brakes  should be tested  on dry,  clean,  reasonably 
smooth and  level roadway.  A true test of brake performance 
cannot  be made if  the  roadway is  wet, greasy or covered 
with  loose  dirt so that  all tires  do not  grip  the road  equally. 
Testing  will  also be  affected  if the  roadway  is  crowned 
which  would throw  the weight of  the car toward the  wheels 
on  one side.  If the  roadway  is too rough, the wheels will tend 
to bounce.  Test  brakes  at different car  speeds with  both light  and 
heavy  pedal pressure,  avoid locking the brakes  and sliding 
the  tires.  Locked brakes and  sliding  tires  do  not indicate 
brake  efficiency,  because  heavily  braked,  but  turning 
wheels  will stop  the car  in less distance than locked brakes. 
More  tire-to-road friction  is present with  a  heavily braked 
turning tire than with a sliding tire.  The  brake system  is  designed  and  balanced  to avoid 
locking the  wheels, except  at very  high deceleration levels. 
The shortest  stopping distance and  best control  is achieved 
without brake lock-up. 
Because  of high deceleration capability,  a firmer pedal 
may  be felt  at higher deceleration levels. 
External  Conditions  That Affect Brake Performance 
1. Tires. Tires having unequal contact and grip  on road 
will  cause  unequal  braking.  Tires  must be  equally 
inflated and tread pattern  of right and left tires  must 
be approximately equal. 
2. Car  Loading. A  heavily  loaded  car requires  more 
braking effort.  When a car has unequal loading, the 
most  heavily  loaded  wheels  require  more  braking 
power  than others. 
3. Wheel Alignment. Misalignment  of the  wheels,  par- 
ticularly excessive camber and caster, will cause the  
brakes to  pull to one side. 
4. Front  Wheel Bearings. A loose  front wheel  bearing 
BRAKE  FLUID LEAKS 
With engine running  at idle  and  the transmission  in neu- 
tral,  depress the brake pedal  and hold a constant foot pres- 
sure. 
If the  pedal  gradually  falls  away with  the  constant 
pressure, the hydraulic system  may be leaking. Perform a 
visual  check to  confirm any suspected  leak. 
Check  the master  cylinder fluid  levels. While a slight drop 
in  reservoir  level does  result from  normal  lining wear,  an 
abnormally  low level  in either  reservoir  indicates 
a leak in 
the  system.  The hydraulic  system  may  be  leaking  either 
internally  or externally.  See "Master  Cylinder  Check." 
Also,  the system may appear to  pass this test but still have 
slight  leakage. 
If  fluid  levels  are normal,  check  the  vacuum  booster 
pushrod length. If an  incorrect  length pushrod is found, 
adjust  or  replace the 
pushrod. Check  the  service  brake 
pedal travel  and the parking brake adjustment. 
When  checking the fluid  levels, the master  cylinder reser- 
voir  may  be as low  as 
25 mm (1 inch)  from the top  if the front 
linings  are worn.  This is not abnormal. 
MASTER CYLINDER  CHECK 
These checks will help locate  some master  cylinder mal- 
functions.  Use the Brake Diagnosis Charts  to help isolate 
the  problem  if it  is not  found  by using these  tests. 
1. Check for a cracked  master cylinder casting  or brake 
fluid around the  master cylinder.  Leaks are indicated 
only  if there is  at least a drop  of fluid. A damp condi- 
tion is  not abnormal. 
2. Check  for a binding pedal linkage. 
3. Disassemble  the master  cylinder  and check for  swol- 
len  or stretched  piston 
seal(s). If swollen  seals  are 
found,  substandard  or contaminated  brake  fluid 
should  be suspected. 
If contaminated,  all  compo- 
nents should be disassembled  and cleaned. All  rub- 
ber components should be replaced and all the pipes 
should be  flushed. 
permits the front  wheel to tilt and  lose contact with the 
SUBSTANDARD OR CONTAMINATED brake  shoe linings causing erratic brake operation. BRAKE FLUID 
WARNING  LAMP OPERATION 
The brake  system uses  a single  red "BRAKE"  warning 
lamp  located  in the  instrument  panel  cluster.  When the 
ignition switch is  in the  "START"  position, the  "BRAKE" 
warning  lamp should come  on. It should  go  off when the 
ignition switch returns  to the "RUN"  position. 
The  following  conditions  will  activate the "BRAKE" 
warning lamp: 
1. Parking brake applied. The lamp should be  on when 
tfie parking brake is applied and the ignition switch is 
"ON." 
2. Pressure  differential  switch  detects  a  failure.  See 
"Brake  Pressure Differential Warning Switch"  in this 
section.  Improper 
brake fluid, mineral oil  or water  in the  fluid  may 
cause  the  brake fluid  to boil  or the  rubber components  to 
deteriorate. 
If piston cups  are swollen, the  rubber parts  have dete- 
riorated. This deterioration  may also  be  seen  by  swollen 
wheel  cylinder piston cups  on the drum brake wheels or a 
swollen master  cylinder cover diaphragm. 
If  rubber deterioration is evident, disassemble all hydrau- 
lic parts and  wash with alcohol. Dry  these parts with com- 
pressed  air before  assembly  to  keep  alcohol  out of the 
system.  Replace  all  rubber parts in the  system,  including 
hoses. Check  for fluid  on the  linings.  If excessive fluid  is 
found,  replace the linings. 
If  master  cylinder piston  seals are satisfactory, check  for 
leakage  or excessive  heat  conditions. If condition  is  not 
found,  drain fluid, flush with brake fluid,  fill and  bleed  the 
system.   

BRAKES 5-17 
maintaining proper wheel balance, brake drums should be 
checked  for balance.  Brake  drums  may be checked  for 
balance on most off-the-car balancers. 
COMBINATION VALVE 
Testing  Combination  Valve Electrical  Circuit 
When  removing  the electrical  wire  connector  from  the 
pressure  differential  switch, squeeze  the 
eliptical shaped 
plastic  locking  ring and  pull up. This  will  move the  locking 
tangs  away from  the  switch.  Pliers  can be  used  to  help 
remove the connector. 
1. Disconnect  wire  from  switch  terminal  and  use  a 
jumper to connect wire to  a good  ground. 
2. Turn ignition key  to "ON."  The warning  lamp should 
light.  If lamp  does  not  light,  bulb is burned  out or 
electrical  circuit is faulty. Replace  bulb or repair elec- 
trical  circuit  as necessary. 
3. When  warning  lamp  lights,  turn  off ignition  switch. 
Disconnect jumper  and connect wire to switch termi- 
nal. 
Testing  Combination  Valve Warning Lamp  Switch 
1. Attach a bleeder hose to  a rear brake  bleed screw and 
immerse  the  other  end of the  hose  in a container 
partially  filled with clean brake fluid.  Be sure  master 
cylinder reservoirs are  full. 
2. Turn  ignition switch to "ON." Open  bleeder  screw 
while  an assistant  applies  moderate pressure to the 
brake  pedal.  Warning  lamp  should  light.  Close 
bleeder screw  before assistant releases brake  pedal. 
Apply brake  pedal with  moderate-to-heavy pressure. 
Lamp should go  out. 
3. Attach the  bleeder  hose  to a  front  brake  bleeder 
screw  and repeat steps 
1 and 2. Warning lamp action 
should  be  the  same  as in step 
2. Turn  off ignition 
switch. 
4. If  warning  lamp  does not light during  steps 2 and 3, 
but does light when  a jumper  is connected to ground, 
the  warning  lamp switch  portion  of the  combination 
valve  is faulty.  Do not disassemble  the  combination 
valve. 
If any  portion  of the  combination  valve is faulty, 
it  must  be replaced  with a new  combination  valve. 
Combination Valve  Replacement 
Remove  or Disconnect (Figure 
16) 
r The combination valve is not repairable and must be 
serviced  as a complete  assembly. 
1. Hydraulic pipes at combination  valve. 
Plug pipes  to prevent loss  of fluid and  entrance 
of  dirt. 
2. Wiring harness  from valve switch terminal. 
3. Nut attaching valve to power booster. 
4. Combination  valve. 
@ Install or Connect (Figure 16) 
NOTICE: See "Notice"  on page 5-1. 
1. Combination valve. 
2. Nut attaching valve to power booster. 
Tighten 
* Nut  to 24 N.m (18 Ibs. ft.). 
3. Wiring  harness to valve  switch terminal. 
4. Hydraulic  pipes at combination  valve. * Bleed brakes.  See  "Bleeding Brake  Hydraulic  Sys- 
tem"  in this  section. 
CAUTION:  Do not  move the car until a firm brake 
pedal  is obtained.  Air in the  brake system can 
cause loss  of brakes. 
POWER BRAKE VACUUM HOSE FILTER 
See Figure 17. 
COMBINATION  VALVE ASM. 
MASTER  CYLINDER  BRAKE  PIPES 
Figure 16 Combination  Valve 
2 FILTER 4. BOOSTER 
Figure 17 Power Brake Vacuum  Hose Filter (Typical)   

DISC BRAKE  CALIPER  ASSEMBLY 588-3 
BO LT 
FITTING 
MOUNTING 
31. BRAKE PIPE 
Fig. 4 Caliper  Attachment 
11. Mounting  bolts (23) and sleeves (6), using  3/8 
inch 
allen head  socket  (Figures  1 & 5). 
12.  Caliper  (12)  from rotor.  If only  shoe  and linings 
are  replaced,  suspend caliper  with  a wire  hook 
from  strut. 
Inspect 
e Mounting  bolts  (23)  and sleeves  (6)  for 
corrosion  (Figures 
1 & 5). 
e If corrosion  is found,  use  new  parts, 
including  bushings,  when  installing  caliper. 
e Do not  attempt  to polish  away corrosion. 
Install  or Connect 
Important 
See  NOTICE  on page  5-  1. 
1.  Lubricate  sleeves (6) and  bushings  (7  and 11) 
with  silicone grease  (Figure 5). 
2.  Sleeves 
(6) in caliper  mounting  holes. 
3.  Caliper  (12) over  rotor. 
4. Mounting  bolts (23) to 50 N-m (37 1b.ft.) (Figure 
1). 
5. 
Tube  nut  on brake  pipe (31), if removed,  to 20 
N-m (15 1b.ft.) (Figure  4). 
@ If brass  bolt  (8)  and fitting (10)  were 
removed  with  brake pipe, unplug  fitting  and 
install  bolt  and  fitting  using  two new  copper 
washers 
(9) to  44 N.m (32 lb. ft.)  (Figure  8). 
6. Disconnect  nut (I), lever (2) lever  seal (22), and 
anti-friction washer  (21) and clean  (Figure  8). 
Clean 
Clean contamination from  caliper surface in 
area  of lever  seal  (22)  and  around  actuator 
screw  (16)  (Figure 8). 
7. Anti-friction  washer  (21). 
8.  Lubricated  lever  seal (22)  with  sealing  bead 
against  caliper  housing  (12). 
9.  Lever  (2) on actuator  screw hex with  lever 
pointing  down. 
10.  Nut 
(I), while  holding  rotated  lever (2) toward 
front  of car, to  48 
N-m (35 1b.ft.). Rotate  lever 
back  against  stop on caliper  (12). 
11.  Damper  (37) and return  spring  (3)  (Figure 1). 
12.  Parking  brake cable (29). For cable  adjustment 
see  PARKING  BRAKE ADJUSTMENT. 
13.  Wheels  and tires,  aligning  previous  marks. 
s Remove  lug nuts securing  rotor to hub. 
e Lower  car. 
e Torque  lug nuts.  See WHEELS  AND 
TIRES. 
14.  Fill master  cylinder  to proper  lever  with  clean 
brake  fluid. 
e Bleed caliper  if inlet  fitting  was removed. 
Recheck  fluid  level. 
PARKING BRAKE ADJUSTMENT 
Apply service  brake pedal three times  with  a 
pedal  force of approximately  778 N (175  lbs.). 
Apply  and release  parking  brake  three  times. 
Raise  car  and  suitably  support. 
e Mark relationship  of wheel  to axle  flange. 
Check  parking  brake  hand  lever for full  release. 
e Turn  ignition  on. 
e "BRAKE"  warning lamp should  be off.  If 
"BRAKE"  warning lamp is still  on, and the 
hand  lever is completely  released, pull 
downward  on  the front  parking brake  cable 
to  remove  slack  from lever assembly. 
Turn  ignition  off. 
Remove  rear wheels  and tires. 
e Reinstall  two  inverted  lug nuts  to  retain 
rotor. 
Pull  parking  brake  hand lever exactly  four (4) 
ratchet  clicks. 
Parking  brake  levers (2) on both  calipers  should 
be  against  the lever  stops  on the  caliper  housings. 
If  levers  are not  against  stops, check  for  binding 
in  rear  cables  and/or  loosen cables at adjuster 
until  both left and  right  levers  are against  their 
stops. 
Tighten  parking  brake cable at adjuster  until 
either  the left  or right  lever  begins  to move  off the 
stop,  then loosen  adjustment  until lever  moves 
back  barely  touching  stop. 
Operate  parking  brake several  times  to check 
adjustments.  After  cable adjustment  is 
performed,  parking  brake hand lever should 
travel  14 clicks.  Rear wheels  should  not  rotate 
forward  when hand lever is applied 
8 to  14 
ratchet  clicks. 
Install  wheels  and tires,  aligning previous  marks.   

ENGINE GENERAL  INFORMATION 6-1 
SECTION 6 
NE GENERAL NFORMAT 
Description ............................................................... 6 TBI ...................................... .. ...... 6E2 ................ Engine  Mechanical  Multi Port Fuel Injection  (MPFI)  6E3 - 
............................................... 2.8L V-6 ....................................................... 6A2 Exhaust  Systems  6F 
5.OL V-8 ......................................................... 6A3 ~~~~~~l ~~f~~~~ti~~ ..................................... 6-2 
............................ Engine  Cooling ...................................................... 6B Engine  Performance  Diagnosis  6-3 ............................. Engine  Fuel  6C Engine  Mechanical  Diagnosis 
6-3 ........................................................... ................................... Engine Knock Diagnosis  6-4 
Engine  Electrical ................................................... 6D Compression Test ...................................... ... 6-5 
................... Driveability and Emission Controls ...................... 6E Oil  Leak  Detection .. ..................... 6-5 
ALL  NEW  GENERAL  MOTORS VEHICLES  ARE CERTIFIED  BY THE  UNITED  STATES 
ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY AS CONFORMING  TO THE  REQUIREMENTS  OF 
THE REGULATIONS  FOR THE CONTROL  OF AIR  POLLUTION  FROM NEW MOTOR  VEHICLES. 
THlS CERTIFICATION  IS  CONTINGENT  ON CERTAIN  ADJUSTMENTS  BEING  SET TO 
FACTORY  STANDARDS.  IN MOST  CASES,  THESE  ADJUSTMENT POINTS EITHER HAVE 
BEEN  PERMANENTLY  SEALED AND/OR  MADE INACCESSIBLE  TO  PREVENT 
INDISCRIMINATE  OR ROUTINE  ADJUSTMENT  IN THE  FIELD.  FOR 
THlS REASON,  THE 
FACTORY  PROCEDURE  FOR TEMPORARILY  REMOVING PLUGS,  CAPS,  ETC., FOR 
PURPOSES  OF SERVICING  THE PRODUCT  MUST BE STRICTLY  FOLLOWED  AND, 
WHEREVER  PRACTICABLE,  RETURNED TO THE ORIGINAL INTENT  OF THE  DESIGN. 
DESCRIPTION OF: SECTION 6 
SECTION  6A - ENGINE MECHANICAL used for  each  carburetor.  TBI units  are described  in 
This  section general  contains information  on  the Section 6E. 
mechanical  parts of the  engine,  such  as  block, 
crankshaft,  pistons, valve train,  and camshaft,  that are 
common  to most  engines.  Overhaul  procedures, 
removal  and replacement  procedures,  and 
s~ecifications are also  covered.  Subsections  furnish 
detailed  information  on each  specific engine.  Service 
SECTION 6D - ENG l N E ELECTRICAL 
information  is  also  given that relates  to that  engine's 
use  in  each 
Carline. Specific  subsections  are:  Items 
covered  in this  section  are battery, 
generator,  starter, primary  and secondary  ignition, 
6A2 
- 2.8L V-6  Engine 
engine  wire  harness, spark plugs and wires,  and 
6A3 
- 5.OL V-8  Engine 
ignition  switch. 
SECTION 6B - ENGINE COOLING 
Engine  cooling  system  components such  as 
radiator,  water pump,  thermostat, and cooling fan,  are 
covered  in this  section.  Accessory  drive  belts  are also 
covered,  along with  cooling  system capacities. 
SECTION 6C - FUEL  SYSTEM 
This section  contains information  on all the  parts 
of  the  fuel  system 
except the carburetor,  or Throttle 
Body Injection  unit (TBI) itself. Items  covered  are fuel 
tank,  fuel pump,  and fuel lines.  Specific  subsections  are 
SECTION 6E - DRIVEABILITY AND EMISSIONS 
This section  covers  emission  control systems 
general information,  and diagnostic  procedures  which 
will  lead  to repairing  performance  and driveability 
related problems for gasoline engine equipped  vehicles. 
All  emission  components  are covered,  as well  as all 
removal  and replacement  procedures.  Instructions on 
use  of special tools  are also  given. Specific  sections are: 
6E 
- Driveability  and Emissions 
6E2 
- Fuel  Injection  (TBI)   

6-2 ENGINE GENERAL  INFORMATION 
6E3 - Fuel  Injection  (Ported)  This  section  has  information 
on all  exhaust 
system  parts,  such  as  tailpipes,  mufflers, and the 
SECTION 6F - EXHAUST  SYSTEM catalytic  converter. 
GENERAL INFORMAflION 
CLEANLINESS  AND CARE 
An  automobile engine  is a combination  of many 
machined,  honed,  polished  and lapped  surfaces  with 
tolerances  that are measured  in the  ten-thousandths  of 
an  inch.  When  any  internal engine parts  are  serviced, 
care  and cleanliness  are important. A  liberal coating  of 
engine  oil  should  be  applied  to friction  areas  during 
assembly,  to protect  and  lubricate the surfaces  on 
initial operation.  Throughout this section, it should be 
understood  that proper  cleaning  and  protection  of 
machined  surfaces  and friction  areas is part  of the 
repair  procedure.  This is  considered  standard  shop 
practice,  even if not  specifically  stated.  PREVENTING 
DAMAGE AND IN 
CONTRIBUTING  TO RELIABLE  ENGINE 
PERFORMANCE. 
When  raising  or supporting  the engine  for  any 
reason,  do not  use a jack  under  the oil pan.  Due to the 
small clearance  between the oil pan  and the oil pump 
screen, jacking  against  the oil pan  may  cause  it to  be 
bent  against  the pump  screen  resulting  in a damaged 
oil  pick-up unit. 
When working  on the  engine,  remember  that the 
12-volt  electrical  system is  capable  of causing  short 
circuits.  When  performing  any  work  where electrical  terminals could  possibly be grounded,  the ground cable 
of  the  battery  should  be disconnected  at the battery. 
Any  time  the  carburetor  or air  cleaner  is 
train components are removed removed,  the intake  opening  should  be  covered.  This for service, they should be in order' will protect against entrance of foreign be installed  in  the same locations,  and with  the same material, which could follow the intake passage into mating  surfaces,  as when  removed 
the cylinder  and  cause  extensive damage when the - 
Battery  cables should  be disconnected  before any engin; is started. 
major  work is performed  on  the engine.  Failure  to  IN THE  MECHANICAL  PROCEDURES 
disconnect cables  may result  in damage  to wire harness  DESCRIBED IN THIS  SECTION,  GENERALLY 
or  other  electrical parts.  NO 
REFERENCES  WILL BE MADE  TO THE 
REMOVAL  OF OPTIONAL  EQUIPMENT  SUCH 
ENGINE SERVICE AS POWER  STEERING  PUMP, AIR 
CONDITIONING  COMPRESSOR, ETC. 
THE  FOLLOWING  INFORMATION  ON SHOULD IT BECOME  NECESSARY  TO 
ENGINE  SERVICE  SHOULD BE NOTED  REMOVE ANY  SUCH  ITEM TO 
PERFORM 
CAREFULLY,  AS IT IS IMPORTANT  IN OTHER  SERVICE, REFER TO THE 
APPROPRIATE  SECTION OF THIS  SERVICE 
MANUAL FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION. 
ENGINE  PERFORMANCE DIAGNOSIS 
INTRODUCTION interchangeably for so long,  it was  necessary  to decide 
on  the  most  common  usage and then  define them. If the 
Engine Performance procedures are definition  is not understood,  and the exact Symptom  is 
guides  that will lead to the most  probable  causes of not used, the Diagnostic procedure will not work. engine  performance  complaints.  They  cover  the 
components  of the  fuel,  ignition,  and  mechanical  It 
is important  to keep  two facts  in mind: 
systems  that could  cause  a  particular 
complaint, and 1. The procedures are written  to diagnose problems 
then  outline  repairs  in a logical  sequence.  on cars 
that have 
"run  well at one  time" and 
that  time  and wear  have created  the condition. 
It  is important  to determine  if the 
"Service ~~~i~~ soon- light is "ON,~' or has come for 2. All  possible  causes cannot  be covered, 
a short  interval  while driving. If  the 
"Service  Engine particularly  with  regard  to emission  controls.  If 
Soon" light has come "ON," the Computer  doing the work  prescribed  does  not  correct  the 
Command  Control  System or DECS  should  be  complaint,  then either  the wrong  Symptom  was 
checked  for stored 
"Trouble  Codes" (See Diagnostic  used, or a more  detailed analysis  will have  to be 
Circuit  Check,  Section  6E,  for the  engine  you are  made. 
working  on) which  may  indicate  the cause  for  the  All of the  Symptoms can  be caused  by worn  out 
performance 
complaint.Each Symptom is  defined, and  or  defective parts such as Spark  Plugs,  Ignition 
it  is  important  that the correct  one  be selected,  based  Wiring, etc. If time  and/or  mileage  indicate  that 
on  the  complaints reported  or found.  The definition  of  parts should  be replaced, it is recommended  that 
each  symptom is included with  the symptom.  it 
be  done. 
The  words  used may not be what  you are used  to  Refer  to: 
in  all  cases,  but because  these terms  have been  used 
@ Section 6E - Driveability  and Emissions   

ENGINE GENERAL  INFORMATION 6-5 
INSTRUMENT  PANEL OIL WARNING  LAMP  "ON" AT IDLE 
1. Oil cooler,  or oil  or cooler line  restricted. Remove 2. Oil pump  pressure  low. See oil pump  repair 
restrictions  in  cooler or cooler  line.  procedures 
in  Section 
6A. 
ENGINE COMPRESSION EST 
COMPRESSION TEST 
Important 
e Disconnect  the "BAT." terminal  from  the - HE1 distributor  or ignition module. 
To  determine  if the  valves  or pistons  are at fault, 
a  test  should  be  made to determine  the cylinder 
compression  pressure.  When checking  cylinder 
compression,  the throttle  and choke should  be open, all 
spark  plugs  removed,  and the battery  at or  near  full 
charge.  The lowest  reading cylinder  should not  be less 
than 
70% of  the  highest  and no  cylinder  reading 
should be  less than 
689 kPa (100 PSI).  This 
should  be done  with four 
"puffs" per 
cylinder. 
Normal - Compression  builds up quickly  and 
evenly  to specified compression  on each  cylinder. 
Piston  Rings - Compression  low  on first 
stroke, tends  to build  up on following  strokes, but does 
not  reach normal. Improves  considerably with addition 
of  oil. 
Valves - Low  on first  stroke,  does not  tend  to 
build  up on following strokes.  Does not improve much 
with  addition  of oil. 
Use  approximately  three  squirts from a plunger 
type  oiler.   

BA2-14 2.8 LITER V-6 
bores for oversize  valves  use  tool 5-5330-1,  2  or 3, 
respectively. 
VALVE  SEATS 
Reconditioning  the valve  seats is very  important, 
because  the seating  of the  valves  must be perfect for  the 
engine  to deliver  the power  and  performance  designed 
into  it. 
Another  important  factor is the  cooling  of the 
valve heads.  Good  contact  between  each  valve and  its 
seat  in the  head  is imperative  to insure  that the heat  in 
the  valve  head will be properly  carried  away. 
Several different types  of equipment  are available 
for  reseating  valve seats.  The recommendations  of the 
manufacturer  of the  equipment  being used should  be 
carefully  followed  to attain proper results. 
VALVES 
Valves  that  are  pitted can be refaced, to the 
proper  angle, insuring  correct  relation  between  the 
head  and  stem,  on  a  valve 
refacing machine. Valve 
stems  which  show  excessive wear, or valves  that  are 
warped  excessively  should be  replaced.  When  a valve 
head  which  is warped  excessively  is 
refaced, a knife 
edge  will be ground on  part or all  of the  valve head  due 
to  the  amount  of metal  that must  be removed  to 
completely 
reface the  valve.  Knife edges  lead  to 
breakage,  burning or preignition  due to heat  localizing 
on  this  knife edge. If  the edge  of the  valve  head is less 
than 
.8mm thick  after grinding,  replace  the valve. 
Several different types  of equipment  are available 
for 
refacing valves.  The recommendations  of the 
manufacturer  of the  equipment  being  used  should be 
carefully  followed to attain the  proper  results. 
Assembly 
Insert  a valve in the  proper  port. 
Install  a valve  stem seal over  the valve  stem and 
valve  guide  base  inlet  only. 
Drop  an oil  shedder  and valve  rotator  over the 
exhaust  and  a valve spring  cap over  the valve 
spring. 
Using  tool 
5-8062 compress  the valve  spring. 
Install  the square  cut 
"0" ring around  the  valve 
stem  in the  lower  groove,  making sure it is  not 
twisted.  
Insert  valve, stem key locks  and release  tool. 
Install  the valve locks  and release  the compressor 
tool  making  sure that the locks  seat  properly  in 
the  upper  groove  of the  valve  stem.  Grease  may 
be  used  to hold  the locks in  place  while releasing 
the  compressor  tool. 
Install  the remaining  valves. 
Check  each valve  stem oil seal  by placing  valve 
stem  leak detector,  tool  J-23994, over  the end  of 
the  valve  stem  and  against the cap.  Operate  the 
vacuum  pump and  make sure no air  leaks  pass the 
seal.  
Check  the installed  height  of the  valve  springs, 
using 
a narrow  thin  scale. Measure  from the top 
of  the  spring  damper  "feet" to the bottom  inside 
of  the  oil shedder  exhaust and from  the top  of the 
spring  damper  "feet" to the  bottom  of the  valve 
Figure 6A2-16 Checking Valve  Spring  Installed Height 
cap for intake.  If this  is found  to exceed  the 
specified  height,  install  valve spring  seat shim 
approximately 
.75mm thick.  At no time  should 
the  spring  be shimmed  to give  an installed height 
under  the 
minumum specified  of 40mm. 
TORSIONAL  DAMPER 
NOTICE: The inertial  weight section  of the 
torsional  damper is assembled  to  the hub with  a 
rubber  sleeve. The removal  and  installation 
procedures  (with proper  tools) must  be followed  or 
movement  of the  inertia  weight  section  the hub 
will  destroy  the tuning  of the torsional  damper and 
the  engine  timing  reference. 
Removal 
1. 
Disconnect  battery negative  cable  at battery. 
2.  Remove  serpentine drive  belt. 
3.  Raise  vehicle. 
4.  Remove  drive  pulley and remove  damper 
retaining  bolt. 
5.  Install Tool  J-23523 on damper  and then  turning 
puller  screw,  remove  damper. 
Installation , 
1. 
Coat  front  cover  seal  contact  area  (on damper) 
with  engine  oil. 
2.  Place  damper  in position over  key on crankshaft. 
3.  Pull  damper onto  crankshaft  as  follows: 
a.  Install 
Tool J-29 1 13  into  crankshaft  so  that 
at  least  6mm  of thread  engagement  is 
obtained. 
b.  Pull  damper into  position and remove  tool 
from  damper. 
4.  Install  drive  pulley and  damper  retaining bolts. 
Torque  to specifications. 
5.  Lower  vehicle. 
6.  Install  serpentine  belt. 
7.  Connect battery  negative  cable.   

6A3-6 V-8 ENGINE 
Fig. 6A3-4 Intake Manifold  Installation (LO31 
INTAKE MANIFOLD 
Removal (TBI) 
1. Disconnect battery  negative  cable. 
2. Drain  radiator and remove  air  cleaner. 
3. Disconnect: 
e Radiator  upper  hose  and heater  hose at 
manifold. 
e TBI linkage. 
e Fuel  lines 
Spark  plug wires  (right  side). 
e Necessary  wires and hoses. 
4. Remove distributor  cap and  mark  rotor position 
with  chalk,  then  remove distributor. 
5.  Remove  (as  required) air compressor  and 
brackets  and  cruise control  servo and bracket. 
6. Remove generator  upper  mounting  bracket. 
7. Remove  EGR solenoids  and  bracket. 
8. Remove vacuum  brake  line. 
9. Remove  manifold  attaching  bolts, then remove 
manifold, discard  gaskets. 
10.  If manifold  is to  be  replaced,  transfer: 
e TBI attaching bolts,  where applicable. 
Thermostat  with housing  (use new  gasket  or 
RTV,  as  applicable). 
EGR  Valve  (use new gasket),  where 
applicable. 
e Necessary  switches  and fittings. 
lnstallation 
1. Clean  gasket  and seal surfaces  on manifold, 
block,  and cylinder  heads with  degreaser. 
Remove  all RTV  that  is loose  or will  cause 
installation  interference. 
2. Install gaskets  on  cylinder  heads  and place  a 
3/16" (5mm) bead  of RTV, At1052917 or 
equivalent,  on the  front  and  rear  ridges of the 
cylinder  case.  Extend  the bead 
1/2" (13mm) up 
each cylinder  head to seal  and  retain  the manifold 
side gaskets.  Use  sealer  at water  passages.  3. 
Install  manifold  and torque  bolts to specifications 
in  the  sequence  outlined in 
fig. 4. 
4. Install (if removed)  air compressor  and  bracket, 
and  cruise  control  servo and  bracket. 
5. Install  distributor,  positioning rotor at chalk 
mark,  then  install  distributor cap. 
6. Install  generator  upper  mounting  bracket. 
7. Install vacuum  brake line. 
8. Install  EGR solenoid  and  bracket. 
9. Connect: 
Fuel lines 
s Accelerator  linkage at carburetor. 
@ Disconnected  wires  and hoses. 
Battery  negative  cable  at battery. 
10. Install  air cleaner. 
11. Fill  with  coolant,  start engine,  adjust ignition 
timing 
and  check  for  leaks. 
SNUG  TIGHTENING  SEQUENCE 
WEW @ 
AT TIME OF INSTALUVIBN SURFACE AR- MUST BE FREE OF OIL AND 8ULlNG CQMWUIJD MUST BE Wm TO TOUCH WHEN BBLTISCRWS ARE  TORQUED. APPLY SULINO GOMPOLINB 
Figure 6A3-4a Intake  Manifold  Installation (PFI) 
Removal (PFI] 
1. Disconnect  the negative  battery cable. 
2. Drain  the  cooling  system.