2021 MERCEDES-BENZ V-CLASS MPV brakes

1
00BB ESP®
OFF →
302
2 00E5 ESP®
→
302
3 00BA Distance warning →
307
4 00CC Powe rst eering →
307
5 003E003D Turn signal lights →
106
6 0024 Parking brake (yellow) →
302
7 0025 ABS →
302
8 00B9 Engine diagnostics →
307
9 0028 Preglow
A 0024 Parking brake (red) →
302
B 004D Brakes (red) →
302
C 00AC Coolant →
307
D 004D Brakes (yellow) inopera‐
tive E
0075 Restra int sy stem →
302
F 00E9 Seat belt →
306
G 0057 High beam →
106
H 0058 Low beam →
105
I 00B4 Reser vefuel →
307
J 0060 Standing lights and
licence plate and instrument
lighting →
105
K 005E Rear fog light →
106
005A Inoperative
L 0077 Tyre pressure monitoring
sy stem →
309
Cor responding messages may
also be shown on the multi‐
function displa y. →
279 At
aglance – Indicator and warning lamps 7

Gene
rally, these are volatile data and will not be
st ored be yond the period of operation but will
only be processed within theve hicle itself. Con‐
trol units, vehicle keys forex ample, of ten contain
da ta memories. Their use permits thete mp orary
or permanent documentation of tech nical infor‐
mation about theve hicle's operating state, com‐
ponent loads, main tenance requirements and
te ch nical events or faults.
Depending on thete ch nical equipment, thefo l‐
lowing data are stored:
R operating status of sy stem components, such
as fill le vels, tyre pressure or battery status
R malfunctions or faults in impor tant sy stem
components, such as lights or brakes
R system reactions in special driving situations,
such as airbag deployment or the inter vention
of stability control sy stems
R information on events in which theve hicle is
damaged
In cer tain cases, it may be requ ired tostore data
th at wo uld ha veotherwise been temp orar y.This
may be the case if theve hicle has de tected a
malfunction, forex ample.
If yo u use services, such as repair services and
maintenance work,st ored operational data as
we ll as theve hicle identification number can be
re ad out and used. They can be read out by
service network emplo yees, such as workshops
and manufacturers or third parties, such as
breakdown services. The same is true in the case
of wa rranty claims and quality assurance meas‐
ures.
In general, there adout is per form ed via the
legally prescribed port forth e diagnostics con‐
nection in theve hicle. The operational data that
are read out document tech nical states of the
ve hicle or of individual components and assist in
th e diagnosis of malfunctions, compliance with
wa rranty obligations and quality impr ovement. To
th at end, these data, in particular information
about component loads, tech nical events, mal‐
functions and other faults may be transmitted
along with theve hicle identification number to
th e manufacturer. In addition, the manufacturer is
subject toproduct liability. Forth is reason, the
manufacturer also uses operational data from the
ve hicle, forex ample, forre calls. These data can
also be used toexamine the cus tomer's warranty
and guarantee claims. Fa
ult memories in theve hicle can be reset by a
service outlet or at your requ est as part of repair
or maintenance work.
Con venience and inf otainment functions
Yo u can store con venience settings and individual
settings in theve hicle and change or reset them
at any time.
Depending on theve hicle equipment, this
includes thefo llowing settings, forex ample:
R seat and steering wheel positions
R suspension and climate cont rol settings
R individual settings, such as interior lighting
Depending on the selected equipment, you can
import data into vehicle inf otainment functions
yo urself.
Depending on theve hicle equipment, this
includes thefo llowing data, forex ample:
R multimedia data, such as music, films or pho‐
to sfo r playback in an integrated multimedia
sy stem
R address book data for use in an integrated
hands-free sy stem or an integrated navigation
sy stem
R entered navigation destinations
R data on the use of Internet services
These data for con venience and inf otainment
functions may be sa ved locally in theve hicle or
th ey may be located on a device which you ha ve
connected totheve hicle, such as a smartphone,
USB flash drive or MP3 pla yer.If yo u ha ve
entered these data yourself, you can dele tethem
at any time.
This data is transmit ted from theve hicle tothird
parties only at your requ est. This applies, in par‐
ticular, when you use online services in accord‐
ance with the settings that you ha veselected.
Smartphone integ ration (e.g. Android Autoor
Apple CarPlay ®
)
If yo ur vehicle is equipped appropriatel y,yo u can
connect your smartphone or ano ther mobile end
device totheve hicle. You can then cont rolth em
by means of the cont rol elements integrated in
th eve hicle. The smartphone's picture and sound
can be output via the multimedia sy stem. Simul‐
ta neously, specific items of information are trans‐
fe rred to yo ur smartphone. Depending on the
type of integration, this includes position data,
day/night mode and other general vehicle sta‐
tuses. For more information, please consult the Gene
ral no tes 25

#
Avoid high engine speeds and driving at
full thro ttle until the engine has reached
its operating temp erature. Note
s on short-distance trips
If th eve hicle is predominantly used in short-dis‐
ta nce driving, a fault in the automatic cleaning
function of the diesel particulate filter can occur.
Due tothis, fuel may also accumulate in the
engine oil and cause engine failure.
During automatic cleaning, extreme lyhot exhaust
ga ses escape from theex haust pipe. Maintain a
dis tance of at least 1 m to other objects, e.g.
par kedve hicles, in order toavoid material dam‐
age.
If yo u main lydrive short dis tances, you should
drive on a mo torw ay or go for a country drive for
20 minutes every500 km. This facilitates the
re ge neration of the diesel particulate filter.
Information about driving abroad
Service
An extensive Mercedes-Benz service is also avail‐
able abroad. Ne vertheless, please remember that
services or spare parts may not be available
immediatel y.The releva nt wo rkshop directories
are available from a Mercedes-Benz Service
Cent re.
Fu el
In some countries, only fuels with an inc reased
sulphur con tent are available.
Uns uitable fuel can cause engine damage. Yo u
can find fur ther information under "Fuel"
(/ page 270).
Ad Blue ®
Ad Blue ®
is not available in suf ficient quality in all
countries. Therefore, check theAd Blue ®
leve l,
particular lybefore driving outside Europe
(/ page 148). Consul t aqualified specialist
wo rkshop for advice.
Yo u can find information about AdBlue ®
in "Oper‐
ating fluids and capacities" (/ page271).
Low beam
In countries in whi chtraf fic drives on the oppo‐
site side of thero ad from the count ryin which
th eve hicle is regis tere d, you will ha vetoswitch
th e headlamps tosymmetrical dipped beam. This
will pr event oncoming traf fic from being dazzled.
Symm etrical dipped beam will no longer illumi‐
nate the edge of the car riag ewa y as far or as
high. Ve
hicles with halogen headlamps:
It is not necessa ryto change the headlamps over
to symmetrical dipped beam. The statutory
requ irements of the count ries in which tra ffic
drives on the opposite side of thero ad from the
country in whi ch theve hicle is regis tere d are also
met without changing over.
Ve hicles with LED headlamps:
Yo u can set the low beam for driving on theright
or left via the on-board computer (/ page189).
Information about transport byrail
Tr ansporting your vehicle byrail may be subject
to cer tain restrictions or requ ire special meas‐
ures tobe take n in some countries due tovarying
tunnel heights and loading standards.
Yo u can obtain information about this from a
Mercedes-Benz Service Cent re.
Information on brakes &
WARNING Risk of accident due tothe
brake sy stem overheating
If yo u lea veyour foot on the brake pedal
when driving, the brake sy stem may overheat.
This increases the braking dis tance and the
brake sy stem may evenfa il. #
Never use the brake pedal as a foot re st. #
Do not depress the brake pedal and the
accelerator pedal at the same time
while driving. *
NO
TECausing wearto the brake linings
by permanently depressing the brake
pedal #
Do not permanently depress the brake
pedal while driving. #
Touse braking ef fect of the engine, shift
to a lo werge ar in good time. Downhill
gradients
On long and steep downhill gradients you should
obse rveth efo llowing instructions:
R invehicles with an automatic transmission,
shift down toshift ranges 2or 1in good time
so that the engine is running at a medium to
high engine speed (/ page143).
R invehicles with a manual transmission, shift
down toa lo werge ar in good time, so that the
engine is running at a medium tohigh engine
speed. 13 8
Driving and pa rking

%
Chan
gethe shift range in good time when
cruise control or the limiter are activated.
Obser vethe driving tips (/ page137).
Yo uth ereby make use of the braking ef fect of the
engine and do not ha vetobrake as of tento main‐
tai nth e speed. This relie vesth e load on the
service brake and pr events the brakes from over‐
heating and wearing tooqu ickl y.
Heavy and light loads
If th e brakes ha vebeen subjected toa heavy
load, do not stop theve hicle immediatel y.Drive
on for a short while. The brakes cool down more
qu ickly in the air flow.
If th e brakes ha vebeen used only moderately,
yo u should occasionally test their ef fectiveness.
To do this, brake more firm ly from a higher speed
while pa ying attention tothe traf fic conditions.
The brakes will grip better as a result.
We tro ad sur faces
If yo u ha vebeen driving for a long time in heavy
ra in without braking, there may be a dela yed
re sponse when youfirs t apply the brakes. This
may also occur af ter driving thro ugh a car wash
or deep water.Yo u must depress the brake pedal
more firm ly. Maintain a grea ter dis tance tothe
ve hicle in front.
While paying attention tothe traf fic conditions,
yo u should brake theve hicle firm lyafte r driving
on a wetro ad sur face or thro ugh a car wash. This
heats the brake disks so that they dry more
qu ickl y,which pr otects them against cor rosion.
Limited braking ef fect on salt-treate dro ads:
R a layer of salt on the brake disks or brakepads
can increase braking dis tances considerably,
or braking may happen on only one side
R maintain an especially large safe dis tance to
th eve hicle in front
To remo vethe la yer of salt:
R apply the brakes from time totime, paying
attention totraf fic conditions
R carefully dep ress the brake pedal at the end
of a journey and af terth est art of a new jour‐
ney
Ne w brake dis ksand brakepads
New brakepads and brake disks only reach their
optimal braking ef fect af ter appro ximately
10 0 km.
Un tilthen, compensate forth ere duced braking
ef fect by applying greater pressure tothe brake
pedal. For saf etyre asons, Mercedes-Benz recom‐ mends
that you on lyha ve brakepads and brake
disks which are appr ovedby Mercedes-Benz
ins talled on your vehicle.
Other brake disks or brakepads may compromise
th e saf ety of your vehicle.
Alw aysre place all brake disks and brakepads on
an axle at the same time. Alw aysfit new brake‐
pads when replacing brake disks.
Information about driving on wetro ads
Note s on aquaplaning
Aq uaplaning can take place once a cer tain
am ount of water has accumulated on thero ad
sur face.
Obser vethefo llowing no tes during heavy precipi‐
ta tion or in conditions in which aquaplaning may
occu r:
R reduce your speed
R avoid tyre ruts
R avoid sudden steering mo vements
R brake carefully
Note s on driving through water on roads
If th e maximum permissible height of thewate r is
exc eeded when ford ing, theve hicle can be dam‐
aged.
Obser vethefo llowing if you must drive thro ugh
wate r:
R thewate r level of standing water may not be
abo vethe lo wer edge of the front bumper
R you may drive no fasterthan walking pace
R vehicles tr avelling in front, or oncoming vehi‐
cles, can create waves which may exceed the
maximum permissible height of thewa ter
The braking ef fect of the brakes is reduced af ter
fo rd ing. Brake carefully while paying attention to
th e traf fic conditions until braking po wer has
been fully restored.
Note s on driving in mountainous areas
Ve hicles with diesel engines: the operating
saf ety of the diesel engine is guaranteed up toan
ele vation of 2,500 m ab ovesea le vel.Yo u may
exc eed this ele vation for a short time, e.g. in
mountainous terrain. Do not drive continuously at
ele vations ab ove2,500 m. Otherwise, you may
damage the diesel engine.
When driving in mountainous areas, no tethat
engine output, and therefore start-off gradeabil‐
ity, will dec rease with inc reasing ele vation. The
ECO start/ stop function is no longer available Driving and parking
13 9

Engaging
reve rsege ar R #
Depress the brake pedal and push the
DIRECT SELECT le ver upwards past thefirst
point of resis tance.
Selecting neutral N &
WARNING Risk of accident and inju ry
when neut ral position engaged
The vehicle can rollaw ay ifth e parking brake
is not applied and you park theve hicle with
th e neutral position 005Cengaged.
There is a risk of accident and injur y.#
Before pa rking theve hicle, apply the
parking brake. #
Press the brake pedal and the DIRECT
SELECT le ver upwards or down wardsto the
fi rs t point of resis tance.
% When
you swit choff the engine, the 7-speed
automatic transmission automatically shifts
into neutral 005C.
Re leasing the brake pedal will allow youto mo ve
th eve hicle freely, forex ample, topush it or tow
it.
If th e automatic transmission should also
st ay in neutral 005C 005Cwhen the ignition is
switched off, proceed as follo ws: #
7-speed automatic transmission: leavethe
ke y in the ignition loc k. #
9-speed automatic transmission: start the
ve hicle. #
Depress the brake pedal and engage neutral
005C. #
Release the brake pedal. #
Switch off the ignition and lea vetheke y in
th e ignition loc k.
Engaging pa rkposition P #
Press the005D button on the DIRECT SELECT
le ve r when theve hicle is stationar y.
Pa rk position 005Dis engaged automatically when
one of thefo llowing conditions is me t:
R You swit choff the engine in transmission
position 005Bor005E (9-speed automatic trans‐
mission).
R Ifyo ure mo vetheke y from the ignition loc k.
R You open the driver's door when theve hicle is
st ationary or when driving at a very low speed
and in transmission position 005Bor005E. Engaging drive position D #
Depress the brake pedal and push the
DIRECT SELECT le ver down wards past the
fi rs t point of resis tance.
The au tomatic transmission shifts thro ugh the
individual gears automatically when it is in trans‐
mission position 005B. This is determ ined bythe
fo llowing factors:
R The drive program selected(/ page 144)
R Shif tra nge is limited (/ page 143)
R Position of the accelerator pedal
R Driving speed
Ro cking theve hicle free
This function is only available forve hicles with 7-
speed automatic transmission.
At speeds of up to9 km/h, you can swit ch
between transmission positions 005Band 005Ewith‐
out applying the brakes. This helps when rocking
th eve hicle free out of snow or slush. #
Push the DIRECT SELECT le ver alternately
upwards and down wards past thefirs t point
of resis tance. Re
stricting the shift range Re
quirements
R transmission position 005Bis engaged
(/ page 143).
R drive prog ram A;or Cis selected
(/ page 145). #
Torestrict the shift range: briefly pull the
st eering wheel gearshift paddle 1.
The automatic transmission shifts tothe next
lo we rge ar, depending on thege ar cur rently
engaged. The shi ftrange is also restricted.
The shi ftrange selected is shown in the multi‐
function displa y.The automatic transmission
shifts only as far as the selected gear. Driving and parking
14 3

R
Hill start assist (/ page165)
R HOLD function (/ page165)
R Parking Assist PARKTRONIC (/ page166)
R Reversing camera (/ page167)
R 360° Camera
R Active Parking Assist (/ page169)
R ATTENTION ASSIST (/ page172)
R Traf fic Sign Assi st (/ page 173)
R Blind Sp otAssi st (/ page 174)
R Lane Keeping Assist (/ page174) Fu
nction of ABS (Anti-lock Braking Sy stem) ABS controls
the brake pressure in critical situa‐
tions:
R the wheels are pr evented from lock ing during
braking, forex ample at maximum full- stop
braking or when there is insuf ficient tyre trac‐
tion
R thesteerability of theve hicle in term s of
ph ysical possibilities is ensured when braking
If ABS inter venes, you will feel pulsations in the
brake pedal. The pulsating brake pedal may be an
indication of hazardous road conditions and func‐
tions as a reminder totake extra care while driv‐
ing. Fu
nction of BAS (Brake Assist Sy stem) BA
S suppo rts yo u with additional braking forc e in
an emer gency braking situation.
If yo u depress the brake pedal quickl y,BA S is
acti vated:
R BAS au tomatically boosts the braking forc e of
th e brakes
R BAS can sho rten the braking dis tance
R ABS pr events the wheels from locking
When youre lease the brake pedal, the brakes
function as usual again. BAS is deactivated. Fu
nction of ESP ®
(Electronic Stability Pro‐
gr am) ESP
®
can, within ph ysical limits, monitor and
impr ovedriving stability and traction in thefo l‐
lowing situations:
R when driving and pulling away on wet or slip‐
pe ry road sur faces
R when braking
If th eve hicle is deviating from the direction
desired bythe driver, ESP ®
can stabilise theve hi‐
cle byper form ing thefo llowing actions:
R one or more wheels are braked
R the engine output is adap ted according tothe
situation
% Only use wheels with
there commended tyre
sizes. Only then will ESP ®
function properly.
If th e00E5 warning lamp flashes in the instru‐
ment clus ter,one or more wheels ha vereached
th eir traction limit:
R adapt your driving style to suit the pr evailing
ro ad and weather conditions
R do not deactivate ESP ®
under any circum‐
st ances
R only depress the accelera tor pedal as far as is
necessary when pulling away
If th e00E5 warning lamp lights up continuousl y,
ESP ®
is not available due toa malfunction.
Obse rveth e information on warning lamps and
display messages (/ page 302).
When ESP ®
is deactivated, the00BB warning
lamp in the instrument clus ter lights up continu‐
ously.
Obser vethefo llowing points when ESP ®
is deac‐
tivated:
R vehicle stabilisation is dela yed and is signifi‐
cant lyreduced in the lo wer speed range
R the drive wheels may start tospin
R traction control is still active
% If ESP ®
is deactivated, ESP ®
will still support
yo u when braking. 15 4
Driving and pa rking

#
Toactivate/deactivate: pressthe0076 but‐
to n.
The di stance warning function and the auton‐
omous braking function of Active Brake Assi st
are deactivated or activated.
When the functions are deactivated, the00D4
symbol appears in the Assis tance graphic in
th e multifunction displa y.
The next time theve hicle is star ted, Ac tive Brake
Assi stis automatically activated. Fu
nction of Adaptive Brake Lights Ad
aptive brake lights warnfollowing traf fic in an
emergency braking situation with th efo llowing
signals:
R Byflashing the brake lamps
R By activating the hazard warning lights
If th eve hicle is braked sharply from speeds
abo ve50 km/h, the brake lamps flash rapidl y.
This pr ovides traf fic tr ave lling behind you with an
eve n more noticeable warning.
If th eve hicle is tr avelling at speeds of more than
70 km/h at the beginning of the brake applica‐
tion, the hazard warning lights switch on once the
ve hicle is stationar y.When pulling away again,
th e hazard warning lights switch off automatically
at appr oximately 10km/h.
Yo u can also swit choff the hazard warning lights
using the hazard warning button (/ page107). Cruise control and limiter
Fu
nction of cruise control
Cruise cont rol accelerates and brakes theve hicle
automatically in order tomaintain a pr eviously
st ored speed.
If yo u accelerate toove rtake, forex ample, the
st ored speed is not dele ted. If youre mo veyour
fo ot from the accelerator pedal af terove rtaking,
cruise control will resume speed regulation back
to thestored speed.
Yo u operate cruise control using the cruise con‐
trol le ver.Yo u can store any speed abo ve
30 km/h.
Obser vethe no tes on driving sy stems and your
re sponsibility; you may otherwise failto recog‐
nise dangers (/ page 153). Sy
stem limits
Cruise control may be unable tomaintain the
st ored speed on uphill gradients. The stored
speed is resumed if the uphill gradient evens out
and theve hicle's speed does not fall below
30 km/h.
On long and steep downhill gradients, you should
ch ange down toa lo werge ar in good time. Take
particular no teofthis when driving a laden vehi‐
cle. By doing so, you will make use of the
engine's braking ef fect. This will take some of the
st ra in off the brake sy stem and pr eventthe
brakes from overheating and wearing tooqu ickl y.
If yo uch ange wheel size on your vehicle, check it
is assigned tothe cor rect wheel size catego ry
( / page 258). If the category is changed without
re coding the cont rol units in theve hicle, the func‐
tioning of cruise cont rol may be impaired.
Do not use cruise control in thefo llowing situa‐
tions:
R in traf fic situations whe refrequent speed
ch anges are required, e.g. in heavy traf fic or
on winding roads
R off-road or on con stru ction sites
R on slippe ryor slick roads, as the drive wheels
can lose traction when accelerating and the
ve hicle can then skid
R ifth ere is poor visibility
Fu nction of the limiter
The limiter restricts the speed of theve hicle. To
adjust tothe set speed quickl y,the limiter applies
th e brakes automaticall y.
Yo u can limit the speed as follo ws:
R Variable: for speed restrictions, e.g. in built-
up areas.
R Perm anen t:for long-term speed restrictions,
e.g. when driving in winter tyre mode.
Yo u can operate theva riable limiter with the
cruise control le ver.Yo u can store any speed
abo ve30 km/h. You can also per form settings
while theve hicle is stationary if theve hicle has
been star ted.
Obser vethe no tes on driving sy stems and your
re sponsibility; you may otherwise failto recog‐
nise dangers (/ page 153).
If yo uch ange wheel size on your vehicle, check it
is assigned tothe cor rect wheel size catego ry
( / page 258). If the category is changed without
re coding the cont rol units in theve hicle, the func‐
tioning of the limiter may be impaired. 15 8
Driving and pa rking

#
Press the cruise cont rol le ver up 1or down
4 beyond the 1st pressure point.
The stored speed is increased or reduced by
10 km/h.
If yo u ha veset Miles asthe unit forth e digital
speedome ter,yo u can main tain any speed from
20 mph (cruise contro l) or set it asthe limit
speed (variable limiter). You can then set the limit
speed in increments of 1 mph and 5 mph.
Deactivating cruise control or theva riable
limiter #
Brief lypress the cruise cont rol le verfo rw ards
6.
or #
Brief lypush the cruise cont rol le ver in the
direction of ar row5.
The 00B2 or00CB symbol and thestored
speed in the multifunction display then go
out.
% Cruise cont rol is deactivated in thefo llowing
situations:
R you apply the brakes.
R you drive below a speed of 30 km/h.
R you shift the transmission toposition 005C.
R ESP ®
inter venes.
In these cases theva riable limiter remains
activated.
If yo u deactivate ESP ®
, or ABS or ESP ®
is
malfunctioning, cruise control and the limiter
are deactivated.
% Ve
hicles with manual transmission: ifthe
engine speed is very low, cruise control or
th e limiter is deactivated. When the transmis‐
sion is in neutral or the clutch pedal is
depressed for longer than six seconds, cruise
control is deactivated.
If cruise control automatically deactivates, a
wa rning tone sounds and theCruise control off
message appears brief lyin the multifunction dis‐
pla y.
Information on the permanent limiter
% The permanent limiter is only
available in cer‐
ta in countries.
If yo u wish tolimit theve hicle speed permanently
to a specific value (e.g. for driving in winter tyre
mode), you can set this speed with the perma‐
nent limiter. Yo
u can permanently limit the speed toava lue
between 160 km/h and the maximum permissi‐
ble speed (/ page160).
If yo u accelerate theve hicle using the accelera tor
pedal, a message with thestored speed is shown
in the multifunction display shortly before the set
limit speed is reached.
The permanent limiter remains active even if the
va riable limiter is deactivated. The permanent
limiter does not swit chtopassive mode even dur‐
ing kickdown and the driven speed remains
below the set speed.
Setting the limit speed for winter tyres
On-board compu ter:
4 00E2 5
Settings 5
Vehicle
5 Limit speed (winter tyres) #
Change the setting and confirm using the
0076 button.
By selecting Offyou swit choff the permanent
limiter. DSR (Downhill Speed
Regulation) Note
s on DSR
DSR supports you when driving downhill. DSR
main tains a set speed foryo u on downhill gradi‐
ents byapplying the brakes as requ ired. Main‐
ta ining the speed is dependent on thero ad sur‐
fa ce conditions and the downhill gradient and
cann ottherefore be guaranteed in all situations.
Obser vethe no tes on driving sy stems and your
re sponsibility; you may otherwise failto recog‐
nise dangers (/ page 153).
Yo u can set the speed tobetween 4 km/h and
18 km/h using the brake and accelerator pedals
or the cruise cont rol le ver.
DSR au tomatically controls in thefo llowing situa‐
tions:
R ifth eve hicle is stationar y,or its speed is less
th an 4 km/h , the speed is set to4 km/h or it
is set tothe minimum speed forth ere spec‐
tive gear range.
R ifyo u drive fasterthan 18 km/h off-road, DSR
switches tostandby mode. DSR remains acti‐
va ted, but does not brake automatically.
R ifyo u drive downhill slo werth an 18 km/h,
DSR sets the speed tothe pr eviously set
speed.
R ifyo u drive fasterthan 45 km/h, DSR
swit ches off automaticall y. 16 0
Driving and pa rking