Camber
Camber is the tilting of the front wheels from
the vertical, as viewed from the front of the car.
When the wheels tilt outward at the top, the
camber is positive. When the wheels tilt inward
at the top, the camber is negative. The amount
of tilt is measured in degrees.
CENTER LINEOF yH,EEL
Fig. 18-35
CAMBER ANGLE
‘POSITIVE
CAMBER
Toe Adjustment
1. Before making any adjustment affecting toe
setting, the following checks and inspections
should be made to insure correctness of
alignment readingsand alignment adjustments:
1) Check all tires for proper inflation pressures
and approximately the same tread wear.
2) Check steering and suspension system for
looseness. If excessive looseness is noted, it
must be corrected before adjusting.
3) Check for run-out of wheels and tires.
4)Consideration must be given to excess loads,
such as tool boxes. If this excess load is
normally carried in the car, it should remain
in the car during alignment checks.
5) Consider condition of the equipment being
used to check alignment and follow manufac-
ture’s instructions.
6) Regardless of equipment used to check
alignment, the car must be on a level surface
both fore and aft and transversely.
7) Check to be sure that front wheels are set in
straightforward driving position.
2. Toe is adjusted by changing tie rod length.
Loosen tie rod end lock nuts first and then
rotate turnbuckle @ to align toe-in to specifi-
cation. At this time, thread length “A” and
“B” should be equal. After adjustment,
tighten lock nuts to specified torque.
@ Toe-in gauge
Fig. 18-36
Camber and Caster Adjustment
Should camber or caster be found out of specifi-
cations upon inspection, locate its cause first. If
it is in damaged, loose, bent, dented or worn
suspension parts, they should be replaced. If it is
in chassis frame (car body), repair it so as to
attain specifications.
To prevent possible incorrect reading of camber
or caster, car front end must be moved up and
down a few times before inspection.
Reference Information:
SIDE SLIP:
For inspecting front wheel side slip with side slip
tester:
Side slip limit:Less than 3 mm/m
(Less than 0.118 in/3 ft)
If side slip exceeds this limit, toe-in or front
wheel alignment may not be correct.
18-17
189. MAINTENANCE SERVICES
Steering Handwheel Play
The wheel play is proper if it is anywhere
between 10 and 30 mm (0.4 and 1.2 in.). An
unusually large play means that the ball-and-
socket joints are loose or that the wear in the
steering gear box is excessively large.
Replacement of the worn joint will provide a
proper handwheel play.
If steering handwheel play is excessive though
no each joint of steering system rattles, adjust
worm shaft starting torque of steering gear box
by referring to item of “Adjustment of worm
shaft starting torque.”
Fig. 18-37
Steering Shaft Joint
Check universal joint of the steering shaft for
rattle and damage, If rattle and damage is found,
replace defective part with a new one.
0
Steering Rubber joint
Inspect rubber joint for evidence of crack or
breakage, and make sure that its bolts are tight.
Fig. 18-39
Steering Link & Tie Rod
Inspect steering link and tie rod for bend and
rattle where they are joined. Inspect ball joint
boots in steering system for leaks, detachment,
tear or other damage. If one of such malcondi-
tions is found, replace defective part with a new
one.
Check the following bolts and nuts ( @ - 0 )
for tightness and retighten them as necessary.
Refer to “RECOMMENDED TORQUE SPECI-
FICATIONS” in this section for tightening
torque.
a@ Tie rod end locknut
(1) Steering shaft nut
Steering shaft jointflange bolt 84 nut
\,
@ Steering rubberjoint bolt & nut
(4) Steering gearbox bolt & n
Fig. 18-38
Fig. 18-40
18-18
