2020 MERCEDES-BENZ SPRINTER brakes

Obs
tacles can damage thefo llowing parts of the
ve hicle, forex ample:
R Suspension
R Driv etra in
R Fuel and supply tanks
The refore , alw ays drive slowly when off-road. If
yo u must drive over obs tacles, ha vethe co-driver
instruct you.
% Mercedes-Benz
recommends that you addi‐
tionally car rya sho vel and a reco very rope
with a shackle in theve hicle.
R Make sure that loads and items of luggage
are securely stored or lashed down
(/ page 271).
R Before driving off-road, stop theve hicle and
engage a low gear.
R Vehicles with DSR: activate DSR when you
are driving downhill (/ page127).
R All-wheel drive vehicles: activate the all-
wheel drive (/ page125) and, if necessa ry,
activate theLO W RANGE transmission ratio
(/ page 126).
R Ifth e sur face requ ires, temp orarily deactivate
ESP ®
when pulling away ( / page 148).
R Only drive off-road wi th the engine running
and a gear engaged.
R Drive slowly and smo othly. Wa lking pace is
necessary in many situations.
R Avoid spinning the driven wheels.
R Always ensure that the wheels remain in con‐
ta ct wi th the ground.
R Exercise the utmost caution when driving
across unfamiliar, unpredictable terrain. As a
precaution, getout of theve hicle totake a
look at thero ute tobe take nfirs t.
R Look out for obs tacles (e.g. rock s, holes, tree
st umps and tire ruts).
R Avoid edges where the sur face could crumble
or break away.
Ru les forfo rd ing off-road (all-wheel drive
ve hicles)
R Obser vethe saf ety no tes and general no tes
on driving off-road.
R Check the dep thand characteristics of the
body of water before ford ing. The water must
not be deeper than 23.6 in (60 cm).
R The climate control sy stem is switched off
(/ page 101). R
The auxiliary heating is swit ched off
(/ page 106).
R Activate all-wheel drive (/ page 125) and
ac tivate it on vehicles with theLO W RANGE
transmission ratio (/ page 126).
R Restrict the shift range to1or 2.
R Avoid high engine speeds.
R Drive slowly and smoo thly at no mo rethan a
wa lking pace.
R Ensure that no bow wavefo rm s while driving.
R Afterfo rd ing, dry the brakes.
Af ter driving thro ugh a body of water deeper than
19 .7 in (50 cm), make su retocheck all vehicle
fl uids for any signs of penetration bywater.
Checklist af ter driving off-road
Driving over rough terrain places greater
demands on your vehicle than normal road opera‐
tion. Check your vehicle af ter driving on rough
te rrain. This allo wsyouto detect damage
prom ptly and reduce therisk of an accident for
yo urself and other road users. Clean your vehicle
th oroughly before driving on public roads.
If yo ufind damage totheve hicle af ter off-road
driving, ha vetheve hicle checked at a qualified
specialist workshop immediately.
Obser vethefo llowing points af ter driving off-
ro ad, on con stru ction sites and before driving on
public roads:
R Vehicles with DSR: deactivate DSR
(/ page 127).
R All-wheel drive vehicles: deactivate the all-
wheel drive (/ page125).
R Activate ESP ®
(/ page 148).
R Clean theex terior lighting, particularly the
headlamp s andtail lamps, and check them
fo r dama ge.
R Clean the front and rear license plates.
R Clean the windshield, windo wsand outside
mir rors.
R Clean thesteps, entra nces and grab handles.
This increases the saf ety of your foot ing.
R Clean the wheels and tires, wheel wells and
th e underbody of theve hicle with a water jet.
This increases road adhesion, especially on
we tro adw ays.
R Check the wheels and tires and wheel wells
fo r trapped fore ign objects and remo vethem.
Tr apped fore ign objects can damage the11 8
Driving and pa rking

wheels and tires or may be
flung out from the
ve hicle when continuing the journe y.
R Check the underbody for trapped branches or
ot her parts of plants and remo vethem.
R Clean the brake discs, brakepads and axle
joints, particularly af ter operation in sand,
mud, grit and gr avel,wate r or similar lydirty
conditions.
R Check the entire floor assembly, the tires,
wheels, bodywork stru cture, brakes, steering,
suspension and exhaust sy stem for any dam‐
age.
R Check the service brake for operating saf ety,
e.g. car ryout a brake test.
R Ifyo u notice strong vib rations af ter driving
off-road, check the wheels and driv etra in for
fo re ign objects again. Remo veany fore ign
objects which can lead toimbalances and
th us cause vibrations. In theeve nt of damage
to the wheels and the drive train, visit a quali‐
fi ed specialist workshop immediately. Fu
nction of the ECO display The ECO display sums up
your driving character‐
istics from thest art tothe end of the trip and
supports a consum ption-optimized driving style.
Yo u can influence consum ption as follo ws:
R Anticipa teroad and traf fic conditions.
R Obser vethege arshift recommendation. Instrument Display wi
thcolor display
The segment's lettering lights up brightl y,the
outer edge lights up and the segment is filled
when theve hicle is driven with thefo llowing char‐
acteristics:
R 1 ACCELERATION: mode rate acceleration
R 2 CONSTANT: consis tent speed
R 3 COASTING: gentle deceleration and roll‐
ing The segment's lettering is gr
ay,th e outer edge is
dark and the segment is em ptied when theve hi‐
cle is driven with thefo llowing characteristics:
R 1 ACCELERATION: sporty acceleration
R 2 CONSTANT: speed fluctuations
R 3 COASTING: heavy braking
Yo u ha vedriven in a consum ption-optimized man‐
ner when:
R The thre e segments ha vebeen comple tely fil‐
led simultaneousl y.
R The edge of all thre e segments lights up. Instrument Display with black and white dis‐
play
The bars will fill up when theve hicle is driven
with thefo llowing characteristics:
R 1Moderate acceleration
R 2Consis tent speed
R 3Gentle deceleration and rolling
The bars will em pty when theve hicle is driven
with thefo llowing characteristics:
R 1Spo rty acceleration
R 2Speed fluctuations
R 3Heavy braking
The displ aywill also show the additional range
(4 Bonu sXXX mi Fr. Start orXXX mi From
Start) that you ha veachie ved with your driving
st yle compared with a driver with a very sporty
driving style. This range does not cor respond to
any fixe d consum ption saving. Driving and parking
11 9

#
Toengage/disen gage:press the upper sec‐
tion of switch 1.
The indicator lamp in switch 1flashes while
th e all-wheel drive is engaged or disengaged.
The 00E5 and003D warning lamps light up in
th e instrument displa y.ESP ®
and ASR are
deacti vatedfo rth e duration of the shift oper‐
ation. If the shift operation is successful, the
00E5 and003D warning lamps in the instru‐
ment display go out and ESP ®
and ASR are
re activated.
As long as the indicator lamp in switch 1is
fl ashing, you can cancel the shift operation by
pressing switch 1again. If the shift operation
fa ils, the indicator lamp in switch 1brief ly
fl ashes thre e times. One of the shift conditions
wa s not met.
If th e indicator lamp in switch 1lights up, all-
wheel drive is engaged. A releva nt messa ge
appears in the display of the on-board computer.
% If
th eLO W RANGE gear reduction is engaged,
th e all-wheel drive cann otbe disengaged. Fu
nction of theLO W RANGE gear reduction The
LOW RANGE gear reduction enables very
slow driving in there spective gears. If you engage
LO W RANGE, the engine's per form ance charac‐
te rist ics and the automatic transmission's shift‐
ing characteristics are adjus ted according ly. The
transmission ratio from the engine tothe wheels
is around 40% lo werth an in thero ad position.
The drive torque is in creased cor respondingly.
Conditions for en gaging/disengaging
The following shifting conditions must be met in
order toengage or disengage LOW RANGE:
R All-wheel drive is engaged (/ page125).
R The engi ne isrunning.
R The vehicle is stationar y.
R You depress the brake pedal.
R Vehicles with automatic transmission: the
selector le ver is in position 005Dor005C. Engaging and disen
gaging LOWrange 1
Enga ging and disengaging LOWrange
% On
vehicles with DSR (Downhill Speed Regu‐
lation), switch 1isreplaced with the switch
fo r DSR. #
Toengage and disen gage:press the upper
section of switch 1.
The 002E indicator lamp flashes in the instru‐
ment display forth e duration of the shift
operation.
R When the shift operation take s place and
LO W RANGE is engaged, the002E indica‐
to r lamp lights up.
R When the shift operation take s place and
LO W RANGE is disengaged, the002E indi‐
cator lamp goes out.
As long as the indicator lamp 002Eisflashing,
yo u can cancel the shift operation bypressing
button 1again. If the shift operation fails, the
indicator lamp 002Ebrieflyflashes thre e times.
One of the shift conditions was not met. DSR (Downhill Speed
Regulation) Note
s on DSR If
yo ufa ilto adapt your driving style or you are
inat tentive, DSR can nei ther reduce therisk of
accident nor override the la wsof ph ysics. DSR
cannot take road, weather and traf fic conditions
into account. DSR is only an aid. You are respon‐
sible for a safe dis tancetotheve hicle in front, for
ve hicle speed and for braking in good time.
DSR supports you when driving downhill. DSR
main tains a set speed foryo u on downhill gradi‐
ents byapplying the brakes as required. Main‐ 12 6
Driving and pa rking

ta
ining the speed is dependent on thero ad sur‐
fa ce conditions and the downhill gradient and
cann ottherefore be guaranteed in all situations.
Yo u can set the speed depending on thege ar
ra nge tobetween 2 mph (4 km/h) and 11mph
(18 km/h) using the brake and accelerator pedals
or therock er switch on thesteering wheel.
DSR automatically cont rols in thefo llowing situa‐
tions:
R Ifth eve hicle is stationar y,or its speed is less
th an 2 mph (4 km/h) , the speed is set to
2 mp h (4 km/h) or it is set tothe minimum
speed forth ere spective gear range.
R Ifyo u drive fasterthan 11mp h (18 km/h) off-
ro ad, DSR swit ches tostandby mode. DSR
re mains activated, but does not brake auto‐
matically.
R Ifyo u drive downhill slo werth an 11mph
(18 km/h), DSR sets the speed tothe pr evi‐
ously set speed.
R Ifyo u drive faster than 28 mph (45 km/h),
DSR switches off automaticall y.Ac
tivating/deactivating DSR Ac
tivating DSR Yo
u can activate DSR when theve hicle is station‐
ary or moving. #
Press the upper section of switch 1.#
Brake or accelerate theve hicle tothe desired
speed between 2 mph (4 km/h) and 11mph
(18 km/h). #
Release the brake or accelera tor pedal.
The cur rent speed is stored. When stationar y,
2 mp h (4 km/h) or the minimum possible
speed for each gear range is stored. DSR maintains
thestored speed on the downhill
gradient and brakes automaticall y.
When DSR is activated and theve hicle pulls
aw ay, accelerates or brakes on an incline, the
speed set cor responds tothe speed at which the
accelerator or brake pedal is released or the
rock er switch is pressed during DSR regulation.
This is only the case if you are not driving faster
th an 11mp h (18 km/h).
DSR status display in the on-board computer
R DSR is activated:
- DSR andthe set speed appear in thest a‐
tus area of the on-board computer.
R DSR is activated, but is not inter
vening:
- You are driving between 11mph
(18 km/h) and 28 mph (45 km/h).
- DSR andthe speed 11mp h (18 km/h)
appear in thest atus area of the on-board
computer.
DSR is in standby mode.
R DSR is inactive:
- You are exceeding a speed of 28 mph
(45 km/h).
- DSR appears in thest atus area of the on-
board computer. In addition, theDSR Off
message appears.
- DSR - - - appears in thest atus area of the
on-board computer.
Setting the speed while driving downhill
Yo u can set the speed tobetween 2 mph
(4 km/h) and, depending on thege ar range, up to
11 mp h (18 km/h) using the brake and accelera‐
to r pedals or thero ck er switch on thesteering
wheel. Driving and parking
127

Depending on
theve hicle's equipment, thera dar
sensors are integrated behind the bumpers
and/or behind thera diator grill. Keep these parts
free of dirt, ice and slush (/ page 288). The sen‐
sors must not be co vered, forex ample bybicycle
ra ck s, overhanging loads or sticke rs. Af ter a colli‐
sion, ha vethe function of thera dar sensors
ch ecked at a qualified specialist workshop as
damage (bo thvisible or non-visible) may ha ve
occur redto the bumper or radiator trim. Fu
nction of driving sy stems and driving
saf ety sy stems In
this section, you will find information about the
fo llowing driving sy stems and driving saf ety sys‐
te ms:
R ABS ( Anti-lock braking system)
(/ page 146)
R ASR (acceleration skid control) (/ page 147)
R BAS (Brak eAssist System) (/ page146)
R ESP ®
(Electronic Stability Program)
(/ page 147)
R EBD ( Electronic Brakeforc eDistribution)
(/ page 148)
R Active Brake Assi st (/ page 149)
R Cruise co ntrol (/ page 151)
R Active Dis tance Assi stDISTRONIC
(/ page 152)
R Hill start assist (/ page155)
R HOLD fu nction (/ page 155)
R Parking Assist PARKTRONIC (/ page156)
R Rear view camera (/ page157)
R Surround view camera (/ page159)
R ATTENTION ASSIST (/ page162)
R Traf fic Sign Assi st (/ page 163)
R Blind Sp otAssi st (/ page 164)
R Active Lane Keeping Assist (/ page167) Fu
nctions of ABS (Anti-lock Braking Sy stem) Obser
vethe impor tant sa fety guidelines forthe
driving saf ety sy stem. ABS cont
rols the brake pressure in critical situa‐
tions:
R The wheels are pr evented from lo cking when
braking, e.g. during maximum full-s top brak‐
ing or when there is insuf ficient tire traction
R The steerability of theve hicle in term s of
ph ysical possibilities is ensured when braking
R ABS is active from speeds of appr ox. 3 mph
(5 km/h). On a slippery road sur face, ABS
inter venes even if you on lybrake gently.
Sy stem limits
If th ere is a malfunction and theye llow 0025 ABS
wa rning lamp lights up continuously in the instru‐
ment display af terst arting the engine, ABS may
be impaired or inoperative.
If ABS inter venes, you will feel a pulsing in the
brake pedal. The pulsating brake pedal may be an
indication of hazardous road conditions and func‐
tions as a reminder totake extra care while driv‐
ing.
If ABS in terv enes: keep the brake pedal firm ly
depressed until the braking situation has passed.
To car ryout maximum full-s top braking:
dep ress the brake pedal with full forc e. Fu
nction of BAS (Brake Assist Sy stem) &
WARNING Risk of an accident caused by
a malfunction in BAS (Brake Assi stSys‐
te m)
If BA S is malfunctioning, the braking dis tance
in an emergency braking situation is
increased. #
Depress the brake pedal with full force
in emer gency braking situations. ABS
pr eve nts the wheels from locking. BA
S suppo rts yo u with additional braking forc e in
an emer gency braking situation.
If yo u depress the brake pedal quickl y,BA S is
acti vated:
R BAS au tomatically boosts the braking forc e of
th e brakes
R BAS can sho rten the braking dis tance
R ABS pr events the wheels from locking
When youre lease the brake pedal, the brakes
function as usual again. BAS is deactivated. 14 6
Driving and pa rking

Fu
nctions of ASR (Acceleration Skid Control) ASR can neither
reduce therisk of an accident
nor override the la wsof ph ysics if the driver does
not pay attention when pulling away or accelerat‐
ing. ASR is only an aid. Alw ays adapt your driving
st yle to suit the pr evailing road and weather con‐
ditions.
If yo u activate or deactivate the all-wheel drive in
a ve hicle with this option, ASR will be deactivated
fo rth e duration of the activation/deactivation
process.
Ve hicles without steering wheel but tons: if
ASR is malfunctioning, the00E5 indicator lamp
lights up while the engine is running and the
engine output may be reduced (/ page 26).
ASR impr oves traction, i.e. the transfer of po wer
from the tires tothero ad sur face, for a sus tained
period and thereb y,also impr ovesth e driving sta‐
bility of theve hicle. If the drive wheels start to
spin, ASR brakes individual drive wheels and lim‐
its the engine torque. ASRthus significantly
assists you when pulling away and accelerating,
especially on wet or slippe ryroads.
If traction on thero ad sur face is not suf ficient,
eve n ASR will not allow youto pull away without
dif ficulty. The type of tires and totalwe ight of the
ve hicle as well as the gradient of thero ad also
play a crucial role.
If ASR inter venes, the00E5 warning lamp in the
Instrument Display flashes. Fu
nctions of ESP ®
(Electronic Stability Pro‐
gr am) &
WARNING Risk of skidding if ESP ®
is
malfunctioning
If ESP ®
is malfunctioning, ESP ®
cannot car ry
out vehicle stabilization. In addition, other
driving saf ety sy stems are switched off. #
Drive on carefull y. #
Have ESP ®
ch ecked at a qualified spe‐
cialist workshop. &
WARNING Risk of skidding if ESP ®
is
deactivated
If yo u deactivate ESP ®
, ESP ®
cannot car ryout
ve hicle stabilization. #
ESP ®
should only be deactivated in the
fo llowing situations. If
th e sur face requ ires, temp orarily deactivate
ESP ®
when pulling away ( / page 148).
Do not operate theve hicle on a roller dynamome‐
te r (e.g. for a per form ance test). If you ha veto
operate theve hicle on a roller dynamom eter, con‐
sult a qualified specialist workshop beforehand.
If yo u activate or deactivate the all-wheel drive in
a ve hicle with this option, ESP ®
will be deactiva‐
te dfo rth e duration of the activation/deactiva‐
tion process.
If ESP ®
is malfunctioning or deactivated, the
00E5 warning lamp lights up while the engine is
ru nning and the engine output may be reduced
(/ page 26).
% Only use wheels with
there commended tire
sizes. Only then will ESP ®
function properly.
ESP ®
can, within ph ysical limits, monitor and
impr ovedriving stability and traction in thefo l‐
lowing situations:
R When pulling away on wet or slippe ryroad
sur faces
R When braking
R Ifyo u are driving fasterthan 49.7 mph
(80 km/h) in stro ng crosswinds
If th eve hicle is deviating from the direction
desired bythe driver, ESP ®
can stabilize theve hi‐
cle byper form ing thefo llowing actions:
R One or more wheels are braked
R The drive sy stem per form ance is adap ted
depending on the situation
If ESP ®
is deactivated 00BB,the00E5 warning
lamp lights up con stantly in the Instrument Dis‐
play:
R Vehicle stabilization may be dela yed
R Crosswind Assist is still active
R The drive wheels may start tospin
R ASR traction control is no longer active
If ESP ®
is deactivated, ESP ®
will still support you
when braking.
If th e00E5 warning lamp in the Instrument Dis‐
play flashes, one or more wheels ha vereached
th eir tire traction limit:
R Adapt your driving style to suit the pr evailing
ro ad and weather conditions
R Do not deactivate ESP ®
under any circum‐
st ances Driving and parking
147

Ac
tivating/deactivating ESP ®
(Electronic Sta‐
bility Prog ram) Multimedia sy
stem:
4 © 5
Settings 5
Quick Access
5 ESP
% ESP®
can only be activated and deactivated
via quick access when at least one other
function is available in quick access. Other‐
wise, you can find ESP ®
in theAssistance
menu. #
Select ESP.
A prom ptappears. #
Select Onor00BB Off.
If th e00BB ESP®
OFF warning lamp lights up con‐
st antly in the instrument clus ter,ESP ®
is deacti‐
va ted.
Obser vethe information on warning lamps and
display messages which may appear in the instru‐
ment clus ter. Fu
nctions of ESP ®
Crosswind Assist Crosswind Assist does not
react under thefo llow‐
ing conditions:
R The vehicle is subjected tosevere jolts and
vib rations, e.g. as a result of une ven su rfaces
or po tholes.
R The vehicle loses traction, e.g. on snow or ice
or when hydroplaning.
R The driver is per form ing sudden and lar ge
st eering mo vements.
Crosswind Assist is operational again as soon as
th e driving conditions return tonormal.
Crosswind Assi stdetects stro ng crosswind gu sts
th at can impair ability of your vehicle todrive
st ra ight ahead. Crosswind Assist inter venes
depending on the direction and stre ngth of the
crosswind.
A stabilizing brake application helps youto keep
th eve hicle on trac k.
Information is shown in the instrument clus ter in
th eeve nt of a clearly discernible inter vention by
Crosswind Assist.
Crosswind Assist is active abo veave hicle speed
of 50 mph (8 0 km/h) when driving stra ight or
slight lycornering. Fu
nction of ESP ®
trailer stabilization &
WARNING Risk of accident in poor road
and weather conditions
In poor road and weather conditions, the
trailer stabilization cannot pr event lu rching of
th eve hicle/trailer combination. Trailers with
a high cen ter of gr avity may tip over before
ESP ®
de tects this. #
Always adapt your driving style to suit
th e cur rent road and weather condi‐
tions. ESP
®
trailer stabilization coun tera cts critical driv‐
ing situations in good time and thereby pr ovides
considerable assis tance when driving wi th a
traile r. Trailer stabilization is part of ESP ®
.
If th e sensor sy stem and evaluation logic de tect
trailer swinging mo vements, ESP ®
trailer stabili‐
zation initially brakes individual vehicle wheels in
a ta rgeted manner. It thus coun tera cts swinging
mo vements. If the swinging mo vements do not
st op, theve hicle is braked until theve hicle/
trailer combination is stabilized. If necessar y,the
ve hicle's engine output is limited.
If yo ur vehicle with trailer (vehicle/trailer combi‐
nation) starts toswer ve,yo u are able tostabilize
th eve hicle/trailer combination only bybraking.
ESP ®
trailer stabilization helps youto stabilize
th eve hicle/trailer combination in this situation.
ESP ®
trailer stabilization is active at speeds
abo veappr oximately 40 mph (6 5 km/h).
If ESP ®
is deactivated because of a malfunction,
trailer stabilization will not function. Fu
nction of EBD (electronic brake forc e distri‐
bution) EBD has
thefo llowing characteristics:
R monitoring and controlling the braking force
on there ar wheels
R impr oving driving stabilization when braking,
especially on bends 14 8
Driving and pa rking

Fu
nction of Active Brake Assi st Ac
tive Brake Assi stconsi sts of thefo llowing func‐
tions:
R Distance warning function
R Autonomous braking function
R Situation-dependent braking assis tance
Ac tive Brake Assi stcan help youto minimize the
ri sk of a collision with vehicles or pedestrians or
to reduce the ef fects of such a collision.
If Ac tive Brake Assi sthas de tected a risk of colli‐
sion, you will be warned visually and acousticall y.
If yo u do not react tothe visual or acoustic warn‐
ing, autonomous braking can be initiated in criti‐
cal situations.
If th ere are pedestrians and cyclists crossing: in
especially critical situations, Active Brake Assi st
can initiate au tonomous braking di rectl y.In this
case, the visual and acoustic warning occurs
simultaneously with the braking application.
If yo u apply the brake yourself in a critical situa‐
tion, or apply the brakes during autonomous
braking, situation-dependent braking assis tance
occu rs. The brake pressure increases up tomaxi‐
mum full-s top braking if necessar y.Situation-
dependent braking assis tance only inter venes
when the brakes are applied firm ly; otherwise, it
re mains within the autonomous braking process. &
WARNING Risk of accident caused by
limited de tection per form ance of Active
Brake Assi st
Ac tive Brake Assi stcannot al ways clea rly
identify objects and complex traf fic situa‐
tions. Due
tothe nature of the sy stem, complex
driving conditions may also cause Brake
Assist tointer vene or not inter vene wi thout
re ason. In such cases, and in theeve nt of
Ac tive Brake Assi stmalfunctioning, the brake
sy stem will continue tobe available with full
brake boost and BAS. #
Always pay careful attention tothe traf‐
fi c situation; do not relyonActive Brake
Assi stalone. Active Brake Assi stis only
an aid. The driver of theve hicle is
re sponsible forke eping a suf ficiently
safe dis tance totheve hicle in front, for
ve hicle speed and for braking in good
time. #
Be prepare dto brake or swer veif nec‐
essar y. Also obser
vethe sy stem limits of Active Brake
Assi st.
The individual subfunctions are available in
th efo llowing speed ranges:
Distance warning function
The dis tance warning function warnsyo u at
speeds greater than appr oximately 4 mph
(7 km/h), if your vehicle is critically close to a
ve hicle or pedestrian.
An intermittent warning tone sounds and the
00BA distance warning lamp lights up in the
instrument clus ter.
Brake immedia tely or take eva sive action, pr ovi‐
ded it is safe todo so and the tra ffic situation
allo ws th is.
The distance warning function can aid you in thefo llowing situations with an intermit tent wa rn‐
ing tone and a warning lamp: Ve
hicles tr avel‐
ing in front St
ationary vehi‐
cles Crossing
vehi‐
cles Crossing pedes‐
trians/cycli
stsSt
ationary
pedestrians
Up toappr ox.
15 5mph
(250 km/h) Up
toappr ox.
12 4mph
(200 km/h) No
reaction Uptoappr ox.
37 mph
(60 km/h) No
reaction Driving and parking
14 9