2005 MERCEDES-BENZ SPRINTER heater

(12) Install the cover to the instrument cluster.
(13) Install glove compartment.
(14) Install the radio (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/
AUDIO/RADIO - INSTALLATION).
(15) Reconnect the battery negative cable.
IN-CAR TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
DESCRIPTION
The in-car temperature sensor measures the actual
air temperature within the passenger compartment.
The in-car temperature sensor is located inside of the
A/C-heater control behind a vented panel (Fig. 14)
and is not a separate serviceable component. The
A/C-heater control must be replaced if there is a fault
relating to the in-car temperature sensor.
OPERATION
Air from the passenger compartment flows over the
thermistor of the in-car temperature sensor. The
thermistor changes resistance with air temperature.
The ATC control module measures this resistance
and calculates the temperature of the air. The ATC
control module then makes adjustments to maintain
the selected passenger compartment temperature.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
The in-car temperature sensor is diagnosed by per-
forming the ATC Function Test using the DRBIIIt
scan tool. Refer to Body Diagnostic Procedures. For
circuit descriptions and diagrams, refer to the appro-
priate wiring information.
REMOVAL
WARNING: ON VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH AIR-
BAGS, DISABLE THE AIRBAG SYSTEM BEFORE
ATTEMPTING ANY STEERING WHEEL, STEERING
COLUMN, OR INSTRUMENT PANEL COMPONENT
DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. DISCONNECT AND ISO-
LATE THE BATTERY NEGATIVE (GROUND) CABLE,
THEN WAIT TWO MINUTES FOR THE AIRBAG SYS-
TEM CAPACITOR TO DISCHARGE BEFORE PER-
FORMING FURTHER DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. THIS
IS THE ONLY SURE WAY TO DISABLE THE AIRBAG
SYSTEM. FAILURE TO TAKE THE PROPER PRE-
CAUTIONS COULD RESULT IN AN ACCIDENTAL
AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT AND POSSIBLE PERSONAL
INJURY.
If the in-car temperature sensor is verified to be
bad, the A/C-heater control must be replaced (Refer
to 24 - HEATING & AIR CONDITIONING/CON-
TROLS/A/C HEATER CONTROL - REMOVAL).
MODE DOOR CABLES
REMOVAL
The air distribution control cables (mode door
cables) can be removed and installed without having
to remove the instrument panel from the vehicle.
(1) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable.
(2) Remove the center section of the instrument
panel (Refer to 23 - BODY/INSTRUMENT PANEL/
INSTRUMENT PANEL CENTER BEZEL - REMOV-
AL).
(3) Remove the heater-A/C control (Refer to 24 -
HEATING & AIR CONDITIONING/CONTROLS/A/C
HEATER CONTROL - REMOVAL).
(4) Mark and disconnect the control cables from
the A/C-heater control.
(5) Mark and disconnect the control cables from
the heater housing retainers (Fig. 15).
(6) Disconnect the control cables from the mode
door levers and remove the cables from the vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Connect the two control cables to the mode
door levers (Fig. 16).
(2) Connect the two control cables to the A/C-
heater control.
NOTE: Install the control cable of bottom adjust-
ment lever to the front adjustment wheel of the A/C-
heater control.
(3) Hold the A/C-heater control in its installation
position.
Fig. 14 In-Car Temperature Sensor
1 - A/C-HEATER CONTROL
2 - IN-CAR TEMPERATURE SENSOR
VACONTROLS - FRONT 24 - 19
EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR (Continued)

NOTE: While holding the A/C-heater control in the
installation position, verify that the control cables
are not twisted.
(4) Turn the mode control knob on the A/C-heater
control to the nine-o-clock position.
(5) Turn the upper mode door lever counter-clock-
wise until it reaches its stop and install the cable
into the retainer in this position (arrow).
(6) Turn the lower mode door lever clockwise until
it reaches its stop and install the cable into the
retainer in this position (arrow).
(7) Operate the mode control knob and verify that
the mode door cables are properly adjusted.
(8) Install the A/C-heater control and the two
retaining screws. Tighten the screws to 2 N´m (17 in.
lbs.).
(9) Install the center section of the instrument
panel (Refer to 23 - BODY/INSTRUMENT PANEL/
INSTRUMENT PANEL CENTER BEZEL - INSTAL-
LATION).
(10) Reconnect the battery negative cable.
RECIRCULATION DOOR
ACTUATOR
DESCRIPTION
This vehicle uses a two-position vacuum operated
recirculation door actuator to move the recirculation
door. Vacuum supply to the recirculation door actua-
tor is controlled by an integral electronic control sole-
noid. The recirculation door actuator is mounted on
the outboard side of the ventilation housing above
the blower motor in the engine compartment.
OPERATION
The recirculation door actuator uses engine vac-
uum, which is controlled by an integral electrical
solenoid. The electrical solenoid is connected to the
ATC control through the vehicle electrical system by
a dedicated two-wire lead and connector. The output
shaft of the recirculation door actuator is keyed to a
pivot shaft, which is keyed to the recirculation door
shaft. The recirculation door actuator can move the
recirculation door in two directions.
The recirculation door actuator is controlled by an
electrical switch that is integral to the heater-A/C
control. When the rotary-type mode control knob is
moved to the recirculation position, a signal is sent to
the electrical solenoid within the recirculation door
actuator. This signal causes the solenoid to open a
port to engine vacuum which pulls the output shaft
into the actuator, which moves the recirculation door.
Fig. 15 Air Distribution Control Cables
1 - AIR DISTRIBUTION CONTROL CABLES
2 - ADJUSTMENT LEVERS
3 - HEATER HOUSING
Fig. 16 Adjusting Air Distribution Control Cables
1 - MODE CONTROL KNOB
2 - UPPER MODE DOOR CABLE
3 - UPPER MODE DOOR LEVER
4 - LOWER MODE DOOR LEVER
5 - LOWER MODE DOOR CABLE
6 - HEATER-A/C CONTROL
24 - 20 CONTROLS - FRONTVA
MODE DOOR CABLES (Continued)

CONTROLS - REAR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page
BLOWER MOTOR SWITCH
DESCRIPTION.........................22
OPERATION...........................22
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING................23
REMOVAL.............................23
INSTALLATION.........................23
BLOWER MOTOR RELAY
DESCRIPTION.........................23
OPERATION...........................23
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING................24
REMOVAL.............................24
INSTALLATION.........................24
CONTROL MODULE
DESCRIPTION.........................24
OPERATION...........................24
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING................24
REMOVAL.............................24
INSTALLATION.........................25
EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR
DESCRIPTION.........................25
OPERATION...........................26DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING................26
REMOVAL.............................26
INSTALLATION.........................26
SOLENOID VALVE
DESCRIPTION.........................27
OPERATION...........................27
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING................27
REMOVAL.............................27
INSTALLATION.........................28
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
DESCRIPTION.........................29
OPERATION...........................29
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING................29
REMOVAL.............................29
INSTALLATION.........................29
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
DESCRIPTION.........................30
OPERATION...........................30
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING................30
REMOVAL.............................30
INSTALLATION.........................30
BLOWER MOTOR SWITCH
DESCRIPTION
The optional rear A/C unit blower motor is con-
trolled by a three position rocker switch (Fig. 1),
mounted in the switch panel on the instrument
panel. The switch allows the selection of one of two
blower motor speeds and an Off position only when
the A/C switch on the front A/C-heater control is acti-
vated.
OPERATION
With the front A/C switch activated, the rear
blower motor speed can be selected by pressing the
rocker switch upwards (high speed) or downwards
(low speed). To turn the rear blower motor off, switch
the blower motor switch to the center position.
Depending on the blower motor switch position, a
blower motor speed command signal is sent to one of
the two blower motor relays. When activated, relay 1
sends power through an integral resistor within the
rear A/C control module and then to the blower
motor, while relay 2 when activated, sends power
directly to the blower motor.
The rear blower motor switch cannot be repaired
and, if faulty or damaged, it must be replaced.
Fig. 1 Rear Air Conditioning Switch
24 - 22 CONTROLS - REARVA

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
The #1 and #2 rear blower motor relays (Fig. 2) are
located in the relay block of the rear evaporator
housing. Remove the rear blower motor relays from
the relay block to perform the following tests:
(1) A relay in the de-energized position should
have continuity between terminals 87A and 30, and
no continuity between terminals 87 and 30. If OK, go
to Step 2. If not OK, replace the faulty relay.
(2) Resistance between terminals 85 and 86 (elec-
tromagnet) should be 75   5 ohms. If OK, go to Step
3. If not OK, replace the faulty relay.
(3) Connect a battery to terminals 85 and 86.
There should now be continuity between terminals
30 and 87, and no continuity between terminals 87A
and 30. If OK, refer to the appropriate wiring infor-
mation for circuit descriptions and diagrams. If not
OK, replace the faulty relay.
REMOVAL
(1) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable.
(2) Remove the cover from the rear evaporator
housing.
(3) Refer to the relay block for blower motor relay
identification.
(4) Unplug the blower motor relay from the relay
block and remove it.
INSTALLATION
(1) Install the blower motor relay by aligning the
relay terminals with the cavities in the relay block
and pushing the relay firmly into place.
(2) Install the rear evaporator cover.(3) Reconnect the battery negative cable.
CONTROL MODULE
DESCRIPTION
The rear A/C control module is mounted to the
upper left side of the rear evaporator housing in the
rear compartment, where it can be accessed for ser-
vice.
The rear A/C control module has wire connections
to the rear A/C blower motor switch, rear evaporative
temperature sensor, solenoid valve, rear A/C temper-
ature control and the temperature sensor. The rear
A/C control module cannot be repaired and, if faulty
or damaged, it must be replaced.
OPERATION
The rear A/C control module is supplied battery
power through the rear blower switch and a 7.5 amp
fuse. The control module receives input signals from
the rear A/C blower motor switch, rear A/C tempera-
ture control, rear temperature sensor and the rear
evaporator temperature sensor when the front A/C
switch is turned on. The rear A/C control module
uses the input signals to control rear blower motor
speed and output air temperature, and to prevent
freezing of the rear evaporator core.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
For circuit descriptions and diagrams, refer to Air
Conditioning/Heater in Group 8W - Wiring Diagrams.
NOTE: Prior to checking rear A/C control module
circuits, verify that the front A/C system is operat-
ing properly.
REMOVAL
(1) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable.
(2) Remove the rear dome light from the rear roof
duct panel (Fig. 3).
(3) Disconnect the dome light wire harness connec-
tor and remove the dome light from vehicle.
(4) Remove the six push-pin roof duct panel fasten-
ers and remove the duct panel from the vehicle.
(5) Remove the five evaporator panel screws at the
front of the panel.
(6) If equipped, remove the interior motion sensor
from the evaporator panel, disconnect the wire har-
ness connector and remove the motion sensor from
the vehicle (Fig. 4).
(7) Remove the three push-in evaporator panel fas-
teners at the rear of the panel.
Fig. 2 Blower Motor Relay
30 - COMMON FEED
85 - COIL GROUND
86 - COIL BATTERY
87 - NORMALLY OPEN
87A - NORMALLY CLOSED
24 - 24 CONTROLS - REARVA
BLOWER MOTOR RELAY (Continued)

SOLENOID VALVE
DESCRIPTION
The rear A/C solenoid valve is a two-position elec-
trically operated shut-off valve, which is used to con-
trol refrigerant flow to the rear A/C evaporator from
the A/C compressor. The solenoid valve is located in
the rear A/C evaporator housing and is attached by a
bracket.
OPERATION
The solenoid valve is used by the rear A/C control
module to control rear A/C output temperature and
to prevent evaporator freezing. Evaporator tempera-
ture is controlled by cycling the solenoid valve open
and closed, thereby controlling refrigerant flow to the
rear evaporator. The normally closed valve only
allows refrigerant to flow through it when power is
supplied to the solenoid by the rear A/C control mod-
ule.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
For circuit descriptions and diagrams, refer to Air
Conditioning/Heater in Group 8W - Wiring Diagrams.
NOTE: Prior to performing the following checks,
verify that the front A/C system is operating prop-
erly.
(1) With the engine running, the front A/C switch
in the On position and the rear A/C blower switch in
the Off position, check that the rear evaporator is not
colder than the ambient temperature. If the evapora-
tor temperature is colder than the ambient tempera-
ture, the solenoid is allowing refrigerant to flow
through the rear evaporator when in the closed posi-
tion. If OK, go to Step 2. If not OK, replace the rear
A/C solenoid valve (Refer to 24 - HEATING & AIR
CONDITIONING/CONTROLS/SOLENOID - REMOV-
AL).
(2) With the ignition switch in the Off position and
the rear A/C solenoid valve wire harness discon-
nected, check for continuity between the two solenoid
valve terminals. If OK, go to Step 3. If not OK,
replace the solenoid valve (Refer to 24 - HEATING &
AIR CONDITIONING/CONTROLS/SOLENOID -
REMOVAL).
(3) With the ignition switch in the Off position and
the rear A/C solenoid valve wire harness discon-
nected, check the solenoid valve ground circuits for a
good ground at all times. If OK, go to Step 4. If not
OK, repair the open circuit to ground as required.(4) With the ignition switch and the front A/C
switch in the On position and the rear A/C solenoid
valve wire harness disconnected, check the harness
for battery power at terminal 2. If OK, replace the
solenoid valve (Refer to 24 - HEATING & AIR CON-
DITIONING/CONTROLS/SOLENOID - REMOVAL).
If not OK, test the A/C control module as required
(Refer to 24 - HEATING & AIR CONDITIONING/
CONTROLS/POWER MODULE - DIAGNOSIS AND
TESTING).
REMOVAL
(1) Recover the refrigerant from the refrigerant
system (Refer to 24 - HEATING & AIR CONDITION-
ING/PLUMBING - STANDARD PROCEDURE).
(2) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable.
(3) Remove the rear dome light from the rear roof
duct panel (Fig. 7).
(4) Disconnect the dome light wire harness connec-
tor and remove the dome light from vehicle.
(5) Remove the six push-pin roof duct panel fasten-
ers and remove the duct panel from the vehicle.
(6) Remove the five evaporator panel screws at the
front of the panel.
(7) If equipped, remove the interior motion sensor
from the evaporator panel, disconnect the wire har-
ness connector and remove the motion sensor from
the vehicle (Fig. 8).
(8) Remove the three push-in evaporator panel fas-
teners at the rear of the panel.
Fig. 7 Rear Roof Duct Panel
1 - SCREW (5)
2 - PUSH-PIN FASTENER (6)
3 - REAR DOME LAMP
4 - ROOF DUCT PANEL
VACONTROLS - REAR 24 - 27

TEMPERATURE CONTROL
DESCRIPTION
The optional rear heater-A/C unit output tempera-
ture is controlled by a thumbwheel-type control,
mounted in the switch panel on the instrument
panel. The temperature control (Fig. 10) allows the
selection of four temperature settings when the A/C
switch on the front A/C-heater control and the rear
A/C blower motor is activated.
OPERATION
With the front A/C switch and rear blower motor
activated, the rear A/C output temperature can be
selected by rotating the thumbwheel control upwards
(increase cooling) or downwards (decrease cooling).
Depending on the rear A/C temperature control posi-
tion, a temperature command signal is sent to the
rear A/C control module. The temperature of the cir-
culated internal air of the rear compartment is mea-
sured by a temperature sensor located in the rear
evaporator unit. The value of the temperature sensor
is compared in the rear A/C control module with an
adjusted value at the rear A/C temperature control.
The rear A/C temperature control cannot be
repaired and, if faulty or damaged, it must be
replaced.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
Before testing the rear A/C temperature control,
verify that the front A/C system is operating correctly
by performing the ATC Function Test using the
DRBIIItscan tool. Use a volt/ohmmeter to test the
control. For circuit descriptions and diagrams, refer
to the appropriate wiring information. The wiring
information includes wiring diagrams, proper wire
and connector repair procedures, details of wire har-
ness routing and retention, connector pin-out infor-
mation and location views for the various wire
harness connectors, splices and grounds.
(1) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable.
(2) Unplug the wire harness connector from the
rear A/C temperature control.
(3) Check for continuity between terminal 9 and
terminals 3 and 5 of the A/C temperature control. In
all instances, there should be continuity.
NOTE: To check the switch's internal circuits, con-
nect the positive lead of the ohmmeter to terminal 9
and the negative lead to terminals 3 and 5. To
check the switches integral light emitting diode,
reverse the ohmmeter leads.
(4) Check for resistance between terminal 3 and 5
of the A/C temperature control as you move the con-
trol to each temperature position. Resistance should
be present and should change for each position.
(5) If OK, test and repair the rear A/C tempera-
ture control wire harness circuits. If not OK, replace
the faulty rear A/C temperature control.
REMOVAL
NOTE: The rear A/C temperature control is used
only on models with the optional rear A/C unit.
(1) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable.
(2) Remove the rear A/C temperature control from
the switch panel.
(3) Disconnect the wire harness connector from the
rear A/C temperature control and remove the control
from the vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Connect the wire harness connector to the rear
A/C temperature control.
(2) Install the rear A/C temperature control into
the switch panel.
(3) Reconnect the battery negative cable.
Fig. 10 Rear A/C Temperature Control
VACONTROLS - REAR 24 - 29

(3) Position the ventilation housing insulation
blanket out of the way of the blower motor assembly.
(4) Disconnect the wire harness connector from the
blower motor (Fig. 4).
(5) Remove the three blower motor retaining
screws.
(6) Remove the blower motor assembly from the
ventilation housing.
INSTALLATION
(1) Install the blower motor assembly into the ven-
tilation housing.
(2) Install the three blower motor retaining
screws. Tighten the screws to 2 N´m (17 in. lbs.).
(3) Connect the wire harness connector to the
blower motor.
(4) Install the ventilation housing insulation blan-
ket.
(5) Install the engine air cleaner cover (Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/AIR INTAKE SYSTEM/AIR CLEANER
HOUSING - INSTALLATION).
(6) Reconnect the negative battery cable.
DEFROSTER DUCTS
REMOVAL
(1) Remove the instrument panel (Refer to 23 -
BODY/INSTRUMENT PANEL - REMOVAL).
(2) Remove the screw that secures the left and/or
right side defroster duct to the heater housing,
depending on the duct being removed (Fig. 5).
(3) Remove the defroster duct(s) from the housing.
INSTALLATION
(1) Install the left and/or right side defroster duct
on to the heater housing.
(2) Install the screw that secures the defroster
duct to the housing. Tighten the screw(s) to 2 N´m
(17 in. lbs.).
(3) Install the instrument panel (Refer to 23 -
BODY/INSTRUMENT PANEL - INSTALLATION).
FLOOR DISTRIBUTION DUCTS
REMOVAL
(1) Remove the instrument panel (Refer to 23 -
BODY/INSTRUMENT PANEL/INSTRUMENT
PANEL ASSEMBLY - REMOVAL).
(2) Remove the defroster ducts (Refer to 24 -
HEATING & AIR CONDITIONING/DISTRIBUTION/
DEFROSTER DUCTS - REMOVAL).
(3) Remove the screws that secure the left and
right floor distribution ducts to the instrument panel
support (Fig. 6).
Fig. 4 Blower Motor Assembly
1 - VENTILATION HOUSING
2 - SCREWS (3)
3 - WIRE HARNESS CONNECTOR
4 - BLOWER MOTOR
5 - INSULATION BLANKET
Fig. 5 Defroster Duct - RH Shown, LH Typical
1 - HEATER HOUSING
2 - SCREW
3 - DEFROSTER DUCT
VADISTRIBUTION - FRONT 24 - 33
BLOWER MOTOR (Continued)

(4) Remove floor distribution ducts from the center
floor distribution duct.
(5) Remove the shift mechanism (Refer to 21 -
TRANSMISSION/TRANSAXLE/AUTOMATIC -
NAG1/SHIFT MECHANISM - REMOVAL).
(6) Remove center floor distribution duct from the
heater housing.
INSTALLATION
(1) Install the center floor distribution duct onto
the heater housing.
(2) Install the shift mechanism (Refer to 21 -
TRANSMISSION/TRANSAXLE/AUTOMATIC -
NAG1/SHIFT MECHANISM - INSTALLATION).
(3) Install the left and right floor distribution
ducts onto the center floor distribution duct.
(4) Install the left and right floor distribution duct
retaining screws to the instrument panel support.
Tighten the screws to 2 N´m (17 in. lbs.).
(5) Install the defroster ducts (Refer to 24 - HEAT-
ING & AIR CONDITIONING/DISTRIBUTION/DE-
FROSTER DUCTS - INSTALLATION).
(6) Install the instrument panel (Refer to 23 -
BODY/INSTRUMENT PANEL/INSTRUMENT
PANEL ASSEMBLY - INSTALLATION).
HVAC HOUSING
REMOVAL
The heater housing assembly must be removed
from the vehicle and the two halves of the housing
separated for service access of the heater core, evap-
orator and each of the various mode doors.
WARNING: ON VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH AIR-
BAGS, DISABLE THE AIRBAG SYSTEM BEFORE
ATTEMPTING ANY STEERING WHEEL, STEERING
COLUMN, OR INSTRUMENT PANEL COMPONENT
DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. DISCONNECT AND ISO-
LATE THE BATTERY NEGATIVE (GROUND) CABLE,
THEN WAIT TWO MINUTES FOR THE AIRBAG SYS-
TEM CAPACITOR TO DISCHARGE BEFORE PER-
FORMING FURTHER DIAGNOSIS OR SERVICE. THIS
IS THE ONLY SURE WAY TO DISABLE THE AIRBAG
SYSTEM. FAILURE TO TAKE THE PROPER PRE-
CAUTIONS COULD RESULT IN AN ACCIDENTAL
AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT AND POSSIBLE PERSONAL
INJURY.
WARNING: REVIEW THE WARNINGS AND CAU-
TIONS IN PLUMBING BEFORE PERFORMING THE
FOLLOWING OPERATION. (Refer to 24 - HEATING &
AIR CONDITIONING/PLUMBING - WARNING) (Refer
to 24 - HEATING & AIR CONDITIONING/PLUMBING -
CAUTION)
(1) Recover the refrigerant from the refrigerant
system. (Refer to 24 - HEATING & AIR CONDI-
TIONING/PLUMBING - STANDARD PROCEDURE -
REFRIGERANT RECOVERY)
(2) Partially drain the engine cooling system
(Refer to 7 - COOLING/ENGINE/COOLANT - STAN-
DARD PROCEDURE).
(3) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable.
(4) Remove the air cleaner housing (Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/AIR INTAKE SYSTEM/AIR CLEANER
HOUSING - REMOVAL).
(5) Remove the windshield washer reservoir (Refer
to 8 - ELECTRICAL/WIPERS/WASHERS/WASHER
RESERVOIR - REMOVAL).
(6) Remove the air filter from the ventilation hous-
ing (Refer to 24 - HEATING & AIR CONDITION-
ING/DISTRIBUTION/AIR FILTER - REMOVAL).
(7) Disconnect the wire harness and vacuum con-
nectors from the recirculation door actuator (Refer to
24 - HEATING & AIR CONDITIONING/CONTROLS/
RECIRCULATION DOOR ACTUATOR - REMOVAL).
(8) Disconnect the wire harness connector from the
blower motor resistor block (Refer to 24 - HEATING
& AIR CONDITIONING/CONTROLS/BLOWER
MOTOR RESISTOR BLOCK - REMOVAL).
Fig. 6 Floor Distribution Duct, RH Shown, LH
Typical
1 - HEATER HOUSING
2 - SCREW (1)
3 - RH FLOOR DUCT
4 - CENTER FLOOR DUCT
24 - 34 DISTRIBUTION - FRONTVA
FLOOR DISTRIBUTION DUCTS (Continued)