1997 SSANGYONG KORANDO tire pressure

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-3
SSANGYONG MY2002
DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION AND PROCEDURES
TIRE DIAGNOSIS
Irregular and Premature Wear
Irregular and premature tire wear has many causes.
Some of them are incorrect inflation pressures, lack of
regular rotation, poor driving habits, or improper wheel
alignment.
Rotate the tires if :
•The front tire wear is different from the rear.
The left and right front tire wear is unequal.
The left and right rear tire wear is unequal.
Check wheel alignment if :
The left and right front tire wear is unequal.
The wear is uneven across the tread of either front
tire.
The front tire treads are scuffed with “feather” edges
on the side of the tread ribs or blocks.
Tread Wear Indicators
The original equipment tires have built-in tread wear in
dicators to show when the tires need replacement.
These indicators appear as bands when the tire tread
depth becomes shallow. Tire replacement is recom
mended when the indicators appear in three or more
grooves at six locations.
KAA2B010
Radial Tire Waddle
Waddle is side-to-side movement at the front or rear of
the vehicle. It is caused by the steel belt not being
straight within the tire, or by excessive lateral runout
of the tire or wheel.
The vehicle must be road tested to determine which
end of the vehicle has the faulty tire. The rear end of
the vehicle will shake from side to side or “waddle” if
the waddle tire is on the rear of the vehicle. From the
driver’s seat, it feels as though someone is pushing
on the side of the vehicle.
If the faulty tire is on the front of the vehicle, the waddle
is more visual. The front sheet meld appears to be mov-
ing back and forth, and the drivers seat feels like the
pivot point in the vehicle.
Waddle can be diagnosed using the method of substitut-
ing known good tire and wheel assemblies on the prob-
lem vehicle.
1. Road test the vehicle to determine if the waddle is
coming from the front or the rear of the vehicle.
2. Install good tires and wheels from a similar vehicle
in place of those on the offending end of the problem
vehicle. If the source of the waddle is not obvious,
change the rear tires.
3. Road test the vehicle. If there is improvement,
install the original tires to find the offending tire. If
there is no a straight improvement, install good tires
in place of all four offending tires.
KAA2B020

SSANGYONG MY2002
2B-4 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
KAA2B030
RADIAL TIRE LEAD/PULL
Lead/pull is the deviation of the vehicle from a straight
path on a level road with no pressure on the steering
wheel. Lead is usually caused by:
Incorrect alignment.
Uneven brake adjustment.
Tire construction.
The way in which a tire is built can produce lead/pull in
the vehicle. Off-center belts on radial tires can cause
the tire to develop a side force while the vehicle rolls
straight down the road. If one side of the tire has even
a little larger diameter than the diameter of the other
side, the tire will tend to roll to one side. Unequal
diameters will cause the tire to develop a side force
which can produce vehicle lead/pull.
The radial lead/pull diagnosis chart should be used to
determine whether the problem originates from an align-
ment problem or from the tires. Part of the lead diagno-
sis procedure calls for tire rotation that is different from
the proper tire rotation pattern. If a medium-to high-
mileage tire is moved to the other side of the vehicle,
be sure to check for ride roughness. Rear tires will not
cause lead/pull.

FRONT SUSPENSION 2C-3
SSANGYONG MY2002
DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION AND PROCEDURES
BALL JOINT INSPECTION
Ball Joint Inspection
1. Raise the front of the vehicle to allow the front
suspension to hang free.
2. Grasp the tire at the top and the bottom.
3. Move the top of the tire in an in-and-out motion.
4. Look for any horizontal movement of the knuckle
relative to the control arm.
5. Ball joints must be replaced under the following
conditions:
•The joint is loose.
The ball seal is cut.
The ball stud is disconnected from the knuckle.
The ball stud is loose at the knuckle.
The ball stud can be twisted in its socket with
finger pressure.
Ball Stud Inspection
Make sure to check the tightness of the ball stud in the
knuckle boss during each inspection of the ball joint.
One way to inspect the ball stud for wear is to shake
the wheel and feel for movement of the stud end at the
knuckle boss.
Another way to inspect the ball stud for wear is to check
the fastener torque at the pinch nut. A loose nut can
indicate a stressed stud orahole in theknuckle boss.
Worn of damaged ball joints and knuckles must be re-
placed.

SECTION 2E
TIRES AND WHEELS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Description and Operation....................................2E-2
Tire and Wheel Balancing....................................2E-2
Tire Chain Usage.................................................2E-3
Replacement Tires...............................................2E-3
All Season Tires...................................................2E-3
Passenger Metric Sized Tires...............................2E-3
Tire Label............................................................2E-4
Spare Tire............................................................2E-4
Wheels................................................................2E-4
Inflation of Tires...................................................2E-4
Diagnostic Information and Procedures..............2E-5
Wheel Runout......................................................2E-5
Maintenance and Repair.....................................2E-6
On-Vehicle Service.................................................2E-6Wheel..................................................................2E-6
On-Vehicle Balancing ...........................................2E-7
Unit Repair............................................................2E-8
Alloy Wheel Porosity............................................2E-8
Alloy Wheel Refinishing .......................................2E-8
Off-Vehicle Balancing ..........................................2E-9
Correcting Non-Uniform Tires...............................2E-9
Tire and Wheel Match-Mounting...........................2E-9
Tire Mounting and Dismounting............................2E-9
Specifications.....................................................2E-10
Tire Size and Pressure Specifications.................2E-10
Inflation Pressure Conversion Specifications.......2E-10
Fastener Tightening Specifications.....................2E-10

TIRE AND WHEELS 2E-3
SSANGYONG MY2002
TIRE CHAIN USAGE
Due to limited tire-to-body clearance on certain
vehicles, recommendations for tire chain use are
published in the Owner’s Manual. When tire chains
need to be used, most current Ssangyong vehicles
require SAE Class “S” tire chains. These may also be
designated as 1100 Series, type PL tire chains. These
chains are specifically designed to limit the “fly off”
effect which occurs when the wheel rotates.
Be sure that only fine-link chains are used which do
not add more than 15 mm (0.590 inch), including the
lock, to the tread surface and the inner sides of the
tires. Manufacturers of tire chains have a specific chain
size for each tire size to ensure a proper fit when the chain
is installed. Be sure to purchase the correct chains for the
tires on which they are to be used. Use rubber adjusters to
take up any slack or clearance in loose chains.
Use of chains may adversely affect vehicle handling.
When tire chains are installed, follow these precautions:
Adjust speed to road conditions.
Avoid sharp turns.
Avoid locked-wheel braking.
To prevent chain damage to the vehicle, install the
chains on the front tires as tightly as possible. Tighten
them again after driving 0.4 to 0.8 kilometer (0.3 to 0.5
mile). The use of chains on the rear tires is not recom-
mended because they may contact the vehicle and pos-
sibly damage it. If chains must be used on the rear
tires, be sure there is sufficient clearance between the
chains and the body. Do not exceed 70 km/h (45 mph)
or the chain manufacturer’s speed limit, if lower. Avoid
large bumps, potholes, severe turns and any other
maneuvers which could cause the tires to bounce.
Follow any other instructions of the chain manufacturer
which do not disagree with the above instructions.
REPLACEMENT TIRES
A tire performance criteria (TPC) specification number
is molded in the sidewall near the tire size of all original
equipment tires. This specification number assures that
the tire meets performance standards for traction, en
durance, dimensions, noise, handling and rolling
resistance. Usually a specific TPC number is assigned
to each tire size.
Caution: Do not mix different types of tires on the
same vehicle such as radial, bias and bias-belted
tires except in emergencies, because vehicle han-
dling may be seriously affected and may result in
loss of control.Use only replacement tires with the same size, load
range, and construction as the original. The use of any
other tire size or construction type may seriously affect
ride, handling, speedometer/odometer calibration, ve-
hicle ground clearance, and tire clearance to the body
and the chassis. This does not apply to the spare tire
furnished with the vehicle.
It is recommended that new tires be installed in pairs
on the same axle.
If it is necessary to replace only one tire, pair it with the
tire having the most tread to equalize the braking action.
Although they may appear different in tread design, tires
built by different manufacturers with identical TPC speci-
fications may be used on the same vehicle.
ALL SEASON TIRES
Most vehicles are now equipped with steel-belted all
season radial tires as standard equipment. These tires
qualify as snow tires, with a 37 percent higher average
rating for snow traction than the non-all season radial
tires previously used. Other performance areas, such
as wet traction, rolling resistance, tread life, and air
retention, have also been improved. This was done by
improvements in both tread design and tread
compounds. These tires are identified by an “M + S”
molded in the tire sidewall following the size number.
The suffix “MS” is also molded in the sidewall after
the TPC specification number.
The optional handling tires used on some vehicles are
not all season tires. These will not have the “MS” mark-
ing after the tire size or the TPC specification number.
PASSENGER METRIC SIZED TIRES
All Daewoo vehicles now use passenger (P) metric sized
tires. P-metric tires are available in two load ranges:
standard load (35 psi maximum) and extra load (41 psi
maximum). Most passenger vehicle tires are standard
load.
Most P-metric tire sizes do not have exact correspond-
ing alphanumeric tire sizes. For example, a P175/70R13
is not exactly equal in size and load-carrying capacity
to an FR70-13. For this reason, replacement tires should
be of the same TPC specification number as the origi-
nals. If P-metric tires must be replaced with other sizes,
consult a tire dealer. Tire companies can best recom-
mend the closest match of alphanumeric to P-metric
sizes within their own tire lines.
The metric term for measuring tire inflation pressure is
the kilopascal (kPa). Tire pressure may be printed in
both kPa and psi. One psi equals 6.895 kPa.
See the tire label or refer to “Tire Size and Pressure
Specifications” in this section for tire inflation
pressures.

SSANGYONG MY2002
2E-4 TIRE AND WHEELS
TIRE LABEL
The tire label is permanently located on the rear face
of the driver’s door and should be referred to for tire
information. It lists the maximum vehicle load, the tire
size (including the spare tire), and the cold inflation
pressure (including the spare tire).
S PARE TIRE
This vehicle comes equipped with a full-sized spare
tire and wheel.
The temporary spare tire is designed for emergency
use only. The original tire should be repaired or replaced
at the first opportunity and reinstall.
WHEELS
Wheels must be replaced if they are bent, dented, have
excessive lateral or radial runout, leak air through
welds, have elongated bolt holes, or if the wheel bolts
won’t stay tight or are heavily rusted. Wheels with
excessive runout may cause vehicle vibration.
Replacement wheels must be equivalent to the original
equipment wheels in load capacity, diameter, rim width,
offset, and mounting configuration. A wheel of improper
size or type may affect wheel and bearing life, brake
cooling, speedometer/odometer calibration, vehicle
ground clearance, and tire clearance to the body and
the chassis. The wheel offset is 49 ± 1 (1.93 ± 0.04
inches). Steel wheels may be identified by a two- or
three-letter code stamped into the rim near the valve
stem. Alloy wheels should have the code, the part
number, and the manufacturer ID cast into the back
side.
INFLATION OF TIRES
The pressure recommended for any vehicle line is care-
fully calculated to give a satisfactory ride, handling,
tread life, and load-carrying capacity.
Tire pressure should be checked monthly or before any
extended trip. Check the tires when they are cold, after
the vehicle has sat for 3 hours or more or has been
driven less than 1 mile. Set the tire pressure to the
specifications on the tire label located on the rear face
of the drive r ’s door. Tire inflation pressure is also given
under “Tire Size and Pressure Specifications” in
this section.
Valve caps or extensions should be on the valves to
keep dust and water out.
For sustained driving at speeds up to 140 km/h (85 mph),
inflate the tires to the pressure recommended on the
tire. Sustained driving at speeds faster than 140 km/h
(85 mph), even if permitted by law, is not advised unless
the vehicle has special high-speed tires available from
many tire dealers. Tire pressures may increase as much
as 41 kPa (6 psi) when the tires are hot.
Higher than recommended tire pressure can cause
Hard ride.
Tire bruising or damage.
Rapid tread wear at the center of the tire.
Lower than recommended pressure can cause
Tire squeal on turns.
Hard steering.
Rapid and uneven wear on the edges of the tread.
Tire rim bruises and rupture.
Tire cord breakage.
High tire temperatures.
Unequal tire pressures on same axle can cause
Uneven braking.
Steering lead.
Reduced handling.
Swerve on acceleration.
Torque steer.

SSANGYONG MY2002
2E-10 TIRE AND WHEELS
psi
30
30
30 kPa
205
205
205Front
E32
E32Wheel Engine
Rear
SPECIFICATIONS
TIRE SIZE AND PRESSURE SPECIFICATIONS
Inflation Pressure at Full Load
psi
30
30
30 Tires
P235/75R15
P255/65R16
P255/70R157.0 JJx15
7.0 JJx16
7.0 JJx15kPa
205
205
205
psi
34
35
36
40
45
50
55
INFLATION PRESSURE CONVERSION SPECIFICATIONS
kPa
140
145
155
160
165
170
180psi
20
21
22
23
24
25
26kPa
185
190
200
205
215
220
230psi
27
28
29
30
31
32
33kPa
235
240
250
275
310
345
380
FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS
89
Wheel Nut (Alloy Wheel)N

m ApplicationLb-In Lb-Ft
120
-

HYDRAULIC BRAKES 4A-3
SSANGYONG MY2002
DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION AND PROCEDURES
BRAKE SYSTEM TESTING
Brakes should be tested on a dry, clean, reasonably
smooth and level roadway. A true test of brake perfor-
mance cannot be made if the roadway is wet, greasy,
or covered with loose dirt which can cause tires not to
grip the road unequally. Testing also will be inaccurate
on a crowned roadway because the wheels tend to
bounce.
Test the brakes at different vehicle speeds with both
light-and heavy-pedal pressure; however, avoid locking
the brakes and sliding the tires. Locked brakes and
slid-ing tires do not indicate brake efficiency since
heavily braked but turning wheels will stop the vehicle
in less distance than locked brakes. More tire-to-road
friction is present with a heavily braked, turning tire
than with a sliding tire.
Because of the high deceleration capability, a firmer
pedal may be felt at higher deceleration levels.
There are three major external conditions that affect
brake performance:
•Tires having unequal contact and grip of the road
will cause unequal braking. Tires must be equally
inflated, and the tread pattern of the right and the
left tires must be approximately equal.
Unequal loading of the vehicle can affect the brake
performance since the most heavily loaded wheels
require more braking power, and thus more braking
effort, than the others.
Misalignment of the wheels, particularly conditions
of excessive camber and caster, will cause the
brakes to pull to one side.
To check for brake fluid leaks, hold constant foot pres-
sure on the pedal with the engine running at idle and
the shift lever in NEUTRAL. If the pedal gradually falls
away with the constant pressure, the hydraulic system
may be leaking. Perform a visual check to confirm any
suspected leaks.
Check the master cylinder fluid level. While a slight
drop in the reservoir level results from normal lining
wear, an abnormally low level indicates a leak in the
system. The hydraulic system may be leaking either
internally or externally. Refer to the procedure below
to check the master cylinder. The system may appear
to pass this test while still having a slight leak. If the
fluid level is normal, check the vacuum booster pushrod
length. If an incorrect pushrod length is found, adjust
or replace the rod.Check the master cylinder using the following proce
dure:
Check for a cracked master cylinder casting or a
brake fluid leak around the master cylinder. Leaks
are indicated only if there is at least one drop of
fluid. A damp condition is not abnormal.
Check for a binding pedal linkage and for an
incorrect pushrod length. If both of these parts are
in satisfactory condition, disassemble the master
cylinder and check for an elongated or swollen
primary cylinder or piston seals. If swollen seals
are found, substandard or contaminated brake fluid
should be suspected. If contaminated brake fluid
is found, all the components should be
disassembled and cleaned, and all the rubber
components should be replaced. All of the pipes
must also be flushed.
Improper brake fluid, or mineral oil or water in the fluid,
may cause the brake fluid to boil or cause deterioration
of the rubber components. If the primary piston cups in
the master cylinder are swollen, the rubber parts have
deteriorated.
If deterioration of the rubber is evident, disassemble
all the hydraulic parts and wash the parts with alcohol.
Dry these parts with compressed air before reassembly
to keep the alcohol out of the system. Replace all the
rubber parts in the system, including the hoses. When
working on the brake mechanisms, check for fluid on
the linings. If excessive fluid is found, replace the
linings.
If the master cylinder piston seals are in satisfactory
condition, check for leaks or excessive heat conditions.
If these conditions are not found, drain the fluid, flush
the master cylinder with brake fluid, refill the master
cylinder, and bleed the system.
BRAKE HOSE INSPECTION
The hydraulic brake hoses should be inspected at least
twice a year. The brake hose assembly should be
checked for road hazard damage, cracks, chafing of
the outer cover, and for leaks or blisters. Inspect the
hoses for proper routing and mounting. A brake hose
that rubs on a suspension component will wear and
eventually fail. A light and a mirror may be needed for
an adequate inspection. If any of the above conditions
are observed on the brake hose, adjust or replace the
hose as necessary.