2011 GMC CANYON Owner's Manual

Bla ck pla te (5 3,1 )
G M C Can yon Owner M an ual - 2011
V eh ic le Care 10-5 3
T ir e Desig n atio n sT ir e Siz e
T he fo llo w in g ill u str a tio n sh ow s
a n exa m ple of a ty p ic a l
p asse nger ve hic le tir e siz e .(A )P assen ger (P M etr ic ) Tir e
:
T he Unit e d Sta te s ve rs io n of a
m etr ic tir e siz in g sys te m .T he
l e tte r P as th e fir s t ch ara cte r in
t h e tir e siz e mea ns a passe n ge r
v e hic le tir e engin ee re d to
s ta ndard s se t by th e U.S .Tir e
a nd Rim Asso cia tio n.
( B )Tir e W id th
:T he th re e d ig it
n um ber in dic a te s th e tir e se ctio n
w id th in mill im ete rs fr o m
s id ew all to sid ew all. (
C )A sp ect R atio
:A tw od ig it
n um be r th at in dic a te s th e tir e
h eig ht to w id th mea su re m ents .
F or exa m ple , if th e tir e siz e
a sp ect ra tio is 60, as sh ow n in
i t e m Cof th e il lu str a tio n , it w ould
m ean th a t th e tir e 's sid ew all is
6 0 perc e n t as hig h as it is wid e.
( D )C on str u ctio n Cod e
:A
l e tte r co de is use d to in dic a te
t h e ty p e of ply co nstr u ctio n in
t h e tir e . T he le tte r R mea ns
r a d ia lp ly co n str u ctio n; th e
l e tte r D mea ns dia g on alo r
b ia s ply co nstr u ctio n ; and th e
l e tte r B mea ns be lt e db ia s ply
c o nstr u ctio n .
( E )R im Dia m ete r
:D ia m ete r of
t h e whe elin in ch es.
( F ) S erv ic e Des crip tio n
:These
c h ara cte rs re p re se nt th e lo a d
i n dex and sp e ed ra tin g of th e
t ir e . T he lo ad in d ex re pre se nts
t h e lo ad ca rr y in g ca pa cit y a tir e i
s ce rtif ie d to ca rry . T he sp eed
r a tin g is th e maxim um sp eed a
t ir e is ce rtif ie d to ca rr y a lo ad.
T ir e Te rm in olo gy an d
D efin it io nsA ir Pre ssu re
:T he am ount
o f air in sid e th e tir e pre ssin g
o utw ard on each sq uare in ch
o f th e tir e . A ir pre ssu re is
e xp re sse d in psi (p ounds per
s q uare in ch ) or kP a (k ilo pasc a l) .
A ccesso ry W eig ht
:This
m eans th e co m bin ed weig ht
o f optio nala cc e sso rie s.
S om e exa m ple s of optio nal
a cce sso rie s are , auto m atic
t r a nsm is sio n, pow er ste erin g,
p ow er bra ke s, pow er w in dow s,
p ow er se ats , and air
c o ndit io nin g .
A sp ect R atio
:T he re la tio nsh ip
o f a tir e 's heig ht to it s wid th .

Bla ck pla te (5 4,1 )
G M C Can yon Owner M an ual - 2011
1 0-5 4 Veh ic le CareB elt
:A ru bber co ate d la ye r of
c o rd s th at is lo ca te d be tw een
t h e plie s and th e tr e a d. C ord s
m ay be made fr o m ste e lo r oth e r
r e in fo rc in g mate ria ls .
B ead:T he tir e be ad co nta in s
s te elw ir e s wra ppe d by ste el
c o rd s th at hold th e tir e onto
t h e rim .
B ia s Ply Tir e
:A pne um atic tir e
i n whic h th e pli e s are la id at
a lt e rn ate angle s le ss th an
9 0 degre es to th e ce nte rli n e
o f th e tr e ad.
C old Tir e Pre ssu re
:T he
a m ount of air pre ssu re in atir e ,
m easu re d in kP a (k il o pasca l)
o r psi (p ounds per sq ua re in ch )
b efo re atir e has built up heat
f r o m driv in g. S ee Tir e Pre ssu re
o n page 10 5 6. C
urb W eig h t
:The weig h t of a
m oto r ve hic le wit h sta ndard an d
o ptio nale qu ip m ent in clu din g th e
m axim um ca pa cit y of fu e l, oil ,
a nd co ola nt, but w it h o ut
p asse nge rs an d ca rg o.
D O T Mark in g s:A co d e
m old ed in to th e sid ew all o f a
t ir e sig nif y in g th at th e tir e is
i n co m pli a n ce wit h th e U.S .
D epartm en t of T ra nsp orta tio n
( D O T) m oto r ve hic le sa fe ty
s ta ndard s. T he DO T co de
i n clu des th e Tir e Id entif ic a tio n
N um be r (T IN ), an alp h anu m eric
d esig nato r w hic h ca n als o
i d entif y th e tir e man ufa ctu re r,
p ro ductio n pla nt, bra n d, an d
d ate of pro du ctio n.
G VW R
:Gro ss Veh ic le W eig ht
R atin g. S ee Vehic le Lo ad Lim it s
o n pag e 92 2. G
AW R FR T
:G ro ss Axle
W eig ht R atin g fo r th e fr o nt axle .
S ee Vehic le Load Lim it s on
p a ge 92 2.
G AW R RR
:G ro ss Axle
W eig ht R atin g fo r th e re ar axle .
S ee Vehic le Load Lim it s on
p a ge 92 2 .
I n te n ded Outb oard Sid ew all
:
T he sid e of an asy m m etr ic a ltir e ,
t h a t m ust alw ays fa ce outw ard
w hen mounte d on a ve hic le .
K ilo pascal (k P a)
:T he metr ic
u n it fo r air pre ssu re .
L ig h t Tru ck (L T M etr ic ) Tir e
:
A tir e use d on lig ht duty tr u cks
a n d so m e mult ip urp ose
p a sse nger ve hic le s.
L oad In dex
:A n assig ned
n u m ber ra ngin g fr o m 1to 279
t h a t co rre sp onds to th e lo ad
c a rry in g ca pacit y of a tir e .

Bla ck pla te (5 5,1 )
G M C Can yon Owner M an ual - 2011
V eh ic le Care 10-5 5
M axim um In fla tio n Pre s su re
:
T he maxim um air pre ssu re to
w hic h aco ld tir e ca n be in fla te d.
T he maxim um air pre ssu re is
m old ed onto th e sid e w all.
M axim um Lo ad Ratin g
:The
l o ad ra tin g fo r a tir e at th e
m axim um perm is sib le in fla tio n
p re ssu re fo r th at tir e .
M axim um Load ed Veh ic le
W eig h t
:The su m of cu rb
w eig ht, acce sso ry weig ht,
v e hic le ca pacit y weig ht, and
p ro ductio n optio ns weig ht.
N orm al O ccu pan t W eig ht
:The
n um ber of occu p ants a ve hic le
i s desig ned to se a t m ult ip lie d by
6 8 kg (1 50 lb s). S ee Vehic le
L oad Lim it s on pa ge 92 2.
O ccu pan t D is tr ib utio n
:
D esig nate d se a tin g posit io n s. O
utw ard Fac in g Sid ew all
:T he
s id e of an asym m etr ic a ltir e th at
h as a pa rtic u la r sid e th at fa ce s
o utw ard when mou nte d on a
v e hic le . T he sid e of th e tir e
t h at co nta in s a whit e w all,
b ears whit e le tt e rin g, or bears
m anufa ctu re r, bra nd , an d/o r
m odeln a m e mold in g th at is
h ig her or deep er th an th e sa m e
m old in g s on th e oth er sid ew all
o f th e tir e .
P assen ger (P -M etr ic ) Tir e:
A tir e use d on pa sse nge r ca rs
a nd so m e lig ht duty tr u cks and
m ult ip u rp o se ve h ic le s.
R eco m m en ded In fla tio n
P re ssu re
:V eh ic le
m anufa ctu re r's re co m mend ed
t ir e in fla tio n pre ssu re as sh ow n
o n th e tir e pla ca rd . S ee Tir e
P re ssu re on pa ge 10 5 6
a ndV eh ic le Loa d Lim it s on
p age 92 2. R
ad ia l P ly Tir e
:A pneum atic
t ir e in whic h th e ply co rd s th at
e xte nd to th e beads are la id at
9 0 degre es to th e ce nte rlin e of
t h e tr e ad.
R im
:A meta lsu pport fo r a tir e
a nd upon whic h th e tir e beads
a re se ate d.
S id ew all
:T he portio n of a tir e
b e tw een th e tr e ad and th e bead .
S peed Ratin g
:A n
a lp hanum eric co de assig ned
t o a tir e in dic a tin g th e maxim um
s p eed at w hic h atir e ca n
o p era te .
T ra ctio n
:The fr ic tio n betw een
t h e tir e and th e ro ad su rfa ce .
T he am ount of grip pro vid ed.
T re ad
:T he portio n of a tir e
t h a t co m es in to co nta ct w it h
t h e ro ad.

Bla ck pla te (5 6,1 )
G M C Can yon Owner M an ual - 2011
1 0-5 6 Veh ic le CareT re ad w ear In dic ato rs
:N arro w
b ands, so m etim es ca lle d wear
b ars , th at sh ow acro ss th e tr e ad
o f a tir e when on ly 1.6 m m
( 1 /1 6 in ch ) of tr e ad re m ain s.
S ee W hen It Is Tim e fo r N ew
T ir e s on page 106 5.
U TQ GS (U nif o rm Tir e Qualit y
G ra d in g Sta n dard s)
:A tir e
i n fo rm atio n syste m th a t pro vid e s
c o nsu m ers wit h ra tin gs fo r
a tir e 's tr a ctio n, te m pe ra tu re ,
a nd tr e adw ear. R atin g s
a re dete rm in ed by tir e
m anufa ctu re rs usin g
g ove rn m ent te stin g pro ce d u re s.
T he ra tin gs are mold e d in to
t h e sid ew all o f th e tir e . S ee
U nif o rm Tir e Qualit y Gra d in g on
p age 10 6 8 . V
eh ic le Cap acit y W eig ht
:
T he num be r of desig na te d
s e atin g po sit io n s m ult ip lie d by
6 8 kg (1 50 lb s) plu s th e ra te d
c a rg o lo ad . S ee Vehic le Lo ad
L im it s on pa ge 92 2 .
V eh ic le Max im um Lo ad on th e
T ir e
:L oa d on an in div id ua ltir e
d ue to cu rb weig ht, acce sso ry
w eig ht, occu pan t w eig h t, and
c a rg o weig h t.
V eh ic le Pla c ard
:A la be l
p erm anently atta ch ed to a
v e hic le sh ow in g th e ve h ic le 's
c a pacit y weig h t an d th e
o rig in ale q uip m ent tir e siz e
a nd re co m men ded in fla tio n
p re ssu re . S ee T ir e an d Lo ad in g
I n fo rm atio n Lab el un de r V ehic le
L oad Lim it s on pag e 92 2 .
T ir e Pre ss u reT ir e s need th e co rre ct am ount
o f air pre ssu re to opera te
e ffe ctiv e ly .
N otic e: Do not le t an yo ne te ll
y o u th at underin fla tio n or
o verin fla tio n is all rig ht. It is
n ot. If th e tir e s do not have
e n ough air (u nderin fla tio n),
y o u can get th e fo llo w in g:.Tir e overlo ad in g an d
o ver-h eatin g whic h co uld
l e a d to ablo w out..P re m atu re or
i r re g ula r w ear..P oor han dlin g..R ed uced fu el eco nom y.

Bla ck pla te (5 7,1 )
G M C Can yon Owner M an ual - 2011
V eh ic le Care 10-5 7
If th e tir e s have to o much air
( o verin fla tio n ), yo u ca n get th e
f o llo w in g:.U nusu al w ea r..P oo r han dlin g..R oug h rid e..N eed le ss dam ag e fr o m
r o ad haza rd s.
A ve hic le sp ecif ic Tir e and
L oadin g In fo rm atio n la belis
a tta ch ed to yo ur ve hic le . T his
l a belsh ow s yo ur ve hic le 's
o rig in ale quip m ent tir e s and th e
c o rre ct in fla tio n pre ssu re s fo r
y o ur tir e s when th ey are co ld .
T he re co m mende d co ld tir e
i n fla tio n pre ssu re , sh ow n on th e
l a bel, is th e min im um am ount of
a ir pre ssu re neede d to su pp ort
y o ur ve hic le 's m axim um lo ad
c a rry in g ca pacit y . F
or addit io n alin fo rm atio n
r e g ard in g how much weig ht
y o ur ve hic le ca n ca rry , and an
e xa m ple of th e Tir e an d Lo adin g
I n fo rm atio n la be l, se e Vehic le
L oad Lim it s on pa ge 92 2 . H ow
y o u lo ad yo ur ve hic le affe cts
v e hic le han dlin g an d rid e
c o m fo rt. N eve r lo ad yo u r ve h ic le
w it h more weig ht th a n it w as
d esig ne d to ca rry .
W hen to Chec k
C heck yo u r tir e s once amonth
o r m ore . A ls o ch eck th e tir e
p re ssu re of th e sp are tir e .
I f yo u r ve h ic le has a co m pact
s p are tir e , it sh o uld be at 60 psi
( 4 2 0 kP a). S ee Com pa ct S pare
T ir e on pag e 108 8 an d
F ull- S iz e Spa re Tir e on
p age 108 9 fo r ad dit io n al
i n fo rm atio n . H
ow to Check
U se agood qualit y pock e t- ty p e
g a uge to ch eck tir e pre ssu re .
Y ou ca nnot te ll if yo ur tir e s are
p ro perly in fla te d sim ply by
l o o kin g at th em .R adia ltir e s m ay
l o o k pro perly in fla te d eve n when
t h ey are underin fla te d. C heck
t h e tir e 's in fla tio n pre ssu re when
t h e tir e s are co ld . C old means
y o ur ve hic le has been sit tin g fo r
a t le ast th re e hours or driv e n no
m ore th an 1m ile (1 .6 km ).
R em ove th e va lv e ca p fr o m th e
t ir e va lv e ste m .P re ss th e tir e
g a uge fir m ly onto th e va lv e to
g e t a pre ssu re measu re m ent.
I f th e co ld tir e in fla tio n pre ssu re
m atc h es th e re co m men ded
p re ssu re on th e Tir e and
L o adin g In fo rm atio n la bel, no
f u rth er adju stm ent is nece ssa ry .
I f th e in fla tio n pre ss u re is lo w ,
a d d air until yo u re ach th e
r e co m men ded am ount.

Bla ck pla te (5 8,1 )
G M C Can yon Owner M an ual - 2011
1 0-5 8 Veh ic le CareIf yo u ove rfill th e tir e , re le ase air
b y push in g on th e meta lste m
i n th e ce nte r of th e tir e va lv e .
R ech eck th e tir e pre ssu re wit h
t h e tir e gauge.
B e su re to put th e va lv e ca ps
b ack on th e va lv e ste m s. T hey
h elp pre ve nt le aks by ke ep in g
o ut dir t and mois tu re .T ir e Pre ssu re fo r
H ig h-S peed Opera tio n
{
W ARNIN G
D riv in g at hig h sp eed s, 16 0 km /h
( 1 00 m ph) or hig her, puts an
a ddit io nalstr a in on tir e s.
S usta in ed hig h -s p eed driv in g
c a use s exce ss iv e heat build up
a nd ca n ca u se su dde n tir e fa ilu re .
( C ontin ued)
W ARNIN G (C ontin u ed )
You co uld have a cra sh and yo u
o r oth ers co uld be kille d. S om e
h ig h-s p eed ra te d tir e s re q uir e
i n fla tio n pre ss u re adju stm en t fo r
h ig h sp eed opera tio n . W hen
s p eed li m it s and ro ad co ndit io ns
a re su ch th a t a ve hic le ca n be
d riv e n at hig h sp ee ds, m ake su re
t h e tir e s are ra te d fo r hig h sp ee d
o pera tio n, in exce ll e n t co n dit io n,
a nd se t to th e co rre ct co ld tir e
i n fla tio n pre ss u re fo r th e
v e hic le lo a d.
I f yo ur ve hic le has P23 5/5 0R 18 siz e
t ir e s, th ey will re quir e in fla tio n
p re ssu re ad ju stm ent w hen
d riv in g yo ur ve h ic le at sp eed s of
1 00 mph (1 60 km /h ) or hig her. S
et th e co ld in fla tio n pre ssu re to th e
m axim um in fla tio n pre ssu re sh ow n
o n th e tir e sid ew all, or 35 psi
( 2 41 kP a), w hic h eve r is lo w er. S ee
t h e exa m ple fo llo w in g. W hen yo u
e n d th is hig h-s p eed driv in g, re tu rn
t h e tir e s to th e co ld tir e in fla tio n
p re ssu re sh ow n on th e Tir e and
L o adin g In fo rm atio n la bel. S ee
V ehic le Load Lim it s on page 92 2
a n d Tir e Pre ssu re on page 10 5 6.
E xa m ple :
Y ou wil l fin d th e maxim um lo ad and
i n fla tio n pre ss u re mold ed on th e
t ir e 's sid ew all, in sm all le tte rs ,
n e ar th e rim fla nge. It w ill re ad
s o m eth in g lik e th is : M axim um lo ad
6 9 0 kg (1 521 lb s) 300 kP a (4 4 psi)
M ax. P re ss.
F or th is exa m ple , yo u would se t th e
i n fla tio n pre ss u re fo r hig h s p eed
d riv in g at 35 psi(2 41 kP a).

Bla ck pla te (5 9,1 )
G M C Can yon Owner M an ual - 2011
V eh ic le Care 10-5 9
T ir e Pre ss u re Monit o r
S yste mT he Tir e Pre ssu re Mon it o r S yste m
( T P M S)use s ra d io an d se nso r
t e ch no lo gy to ch eck tir e pre ssu re
l e ve ls . T he TP M S se nso rs m onit o r
t h e air pre ssu re in yo ur tir e s and
t r a nsm it tir e pre ssu re re adin gs to a
r e ce iv e r lo ca te d in th e ve hic le .
E ach tir e , in clu din g th e sp are
( if pro vid ed ), sh o uld be ch ecke d
m onth ly when co ld an d in fla te d to
t h e in fla tio n pre ssu re re co m mende d
b y th e ve h ic le manu fa ctu re r on
t h e ve h ic le pla ca rd or tir e in fla tio n
p re ssu re la be l. (If yo ur ve hic le has
t ir e s of a dif fe re n t siz e th an th e siz e
i n dic a te d on th e ve hic le pla ca rd or
t ir e in fla tio n pre ssu re la bel, yo u
s h ould de te rm in e th e pro per tir e
i n fla tio n pre ssu re fo r th ose tir e s.)
A s an add ed sa fe ty fe atu re , yo ur
v e hic le has been eq u ip ped wit h a
t ir e pre ssu re mon it o rin g syste m
( T P M S)th at ill u m in a te s a lo w tir e p
re ssu re te llt a le whe n on e or
m ore of yo u r tir e s is sig nif ic a ntly
u nder in fla te d.
A cco rd in gly , w hen th e lo w tir e
p re ssu re te llt a le illu m in ate s, yo u
s h ould sto p an d ch e ck yo ur tir e s as
s o on as possib le , an d in fla te th e m
t o th e pro p er pre ssu re . D riv in g on
a sig nif ic a ntly und er in fla te d tir e
c a use s th e tir e to ove rh eat and ca n
l e ad to tir e fa ilu re . U nd er in fla tio n
a ls o re du ce s fu e le ff ic ie ncy and
t ir e tr e ad lif e , and may aff e ct th e
v e hic le 's han dlin g and sto ppin g
a bilit y .
P le ase note th a t th e TP M S is
n ot a su b stit u te fo r pro pe r tir e
m ain te na nce , and it is th e driv e r's
r e sp onsib ili t y to main ta in co rre ct tir e
p re ssu re , eve n if unde r in fla tio n
h as not re ach ed th e le ve lto tr ig g er
i l lu m in atio n of th e TP M S lo w tir e
p re ssu re te llt a le .
Y our ve hic le ha s als o been
e quip ped wit h aTP M S malf u nctio n
i n dic a to r to in dic a te when th e
s ys te m is not ope ra tin g pro p erly . T
he TP M S malf u nctio n in dic a to r is
c o m bin ed wit h th e lo w tir e pre ssu re
t e llt a le . W hen th e syste m dete cts a
m alf u nctio n, th e te llt a le will fla sh fo r
a ppro xim ate ly one min ute and th en
r e m ain co ntin uously ill u m in ate d.
T his se quence will co ntin ue upon
s u b se quent ve hic le sta rt u ps as
l o n g as th e malf u nctio n exis ts .
W hen th e malf u nctio n in dic a to r is
i ll u m in ate d, th e syste m may not
b e able to dete ct or sig nallo w
t ir e pre ssu re as in te nded. T P M S
m alf u nctio ns m ay occu r fo r a va rie ty
o f re aso ns, in clu din g th e in sta lla tio n
o f re pla ce m ent or alt e rn ate tir e s or
w heels on th e ve hic le th at pre ve n t
t h e TP M S fr o m fu nctio nin g pro perly .
A lw ays ch eck th e TP M S malf u nctio n
t e llt a le afte r re pla cin g one or m ore
t ir e s or w heels on yo ur ve hic le to
e nsu re th at th e re pla ce m ent or
a lt e rn ate tir e s and wheels all o w th e
T P M S to co ntin ue to fu nctio n
p ro perly .
S ee Tir e Pre ssu re Monit o r
O pera tio n on page 106 0 fo r
a ddit io nalin fo rm atio n.

Bla ck pla te (6 0,1 )
G M C Can yon Owner M an ual - 2011
1 0-6 0 Veh ic le CareF ed era l C om munic a tio ns
C om mis sio n (F C C)an d
I n dustr y Can ad aS ee Radio Fre que ncy Sta te m ent on
p age 131 9 fo r in fo rm atio n
r e ga rd in g Part 15 of th e Federa l
C om munic a tio ns Com mis sio n (F C C)
r u le s an d In d ustr y Can ada
S ta ndard s RSS-2 1 0/2 20/3 10.T ir e Pre ssu re Monit o r
O pera tio nT his ve hic le may have a Tir e
P re ssu re Mon it o r S yste m (T P M S).
T he TP M S is desig n ed to warn th e
d riv e r w hen alo w tir e pre ssu re
c o ndit io n exis ts . T P M S se nso rs are
m ounte d on to each tir e and wheel
a sse m bly on yo ur ve h ic le , exc lu din g
t h e sp are tir e . T he TP M S se nso rs
m onit o r th e air pre ss u re in yo ur
v e hic le 's tir e s and tr a n sm it th e tir e
p re ssu re re ad in gs to are ce iv e r
l o ca te d in th e ve h ic le .
W hen alo w tir e pre ss u re co nd it io n
i s dete cte d, th e TP M S illu m in ate s
t h e lo w tir e pre ss u re warn in g lig ht
l o ca te d on th e in str u m en t pane l
c lu ste r.
I f th e warn in g lig h t co m es on ,
s to p as so on as po ss ib le and in fla te
t h e tir e s to th e re co m mende d
p re ssu re sh ow n on th e tir e lo a din g
i n fo rm atio n la bel. S ee Vehic le Lo ad
L im it s on pa ge 92 2.
A tth e sa m e tim e, a Driv e r
I n fo rm atio n Cente r (D IC )m essa ge
i s dis p la ye d on th e DIC dis p la y
s cre en. T he lo w tir e pre ssu re
w arn in g li g h t an d th e DIC warn in g
m essa ge co m e on at ea ch ig nit io n
c yc le until th e tir e s are in fla te d to
t h e co rre ct in fla tio n pre ssu re . F
or ad dit io nalin fo rm atio n and
d e ta ils about th e DIC opera tio n
a n d dis p la ys se e Driv e r In fo rm atio n
C en te r (D IC )on page 52 1 and Tir e
M essa ges on page 52 8.
T he lo w tir e pre ssu re warn in g lig ht
m ay co m e on in co olw eath er w hen
t h e ve hic le is fir s t sta rte d, and th en
t u rn off as yo u sta rt to driv e . T his
c o uld be an early in dic a to r th at th e
a ir pre ssu re in th e tir e (s ) are gettin g
l o w and need to be in fla te d to th e
p ro pe r pre ssu re .
A Tir e and Loadin g In fo rm atio n
l a be l, atta ch ed to yo ur ve hic le ,
s h ow s th e siz e of yo ur ve hic le 's
o rig in a le quip m ent tir e s and th e
c o rre ct in fla tio n pre ssu re fo r
y o ur ve hic le 's tir e s when th ey are
c o ld . S ee Vehic le Load Lim it s on
p a ge 92 2 , fo r an exa m ple of th e
T ir e and Loadin g In fo rm atio n la bel
a n d it s lo ca tio n on yo ur ve hic le .
A ls o se e Tir e Pre ssu re on
p a ge 10 5 6.