1999 DODGE RAM light

voltage between ground and DLC connector terminal No. 3 (Violet/Brown
wire). If voltage is not 1.8-2.8 volts, go to step 9). If voltage is
1.8-2.8 volts, go to next step.
2) Measure voltage between ground and DLC connector terminal
No. 11 (White/Black wire). If voltage is not 1.8-2.8 volts, go to next\
step. If voltage is 1.8-2.8 volts, replace scan tool cable or scan
tool.
3) Turn ignition off. Disconnect instrument cluster. Ensure
interior lights are off. Using external ohmmeter, measure resistance
between ground and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 10
(Violet/Brown wire). If resistance is less than 1000 ohms, repair
Violet/Brown wire for short to ground. If resistance is 1000 ohms or
more, go to next step.
4) Measure resistance between ground and instrument cluster
connector C1 terminal No. 9 (White/Black wire). If resistance is less
than 1000 ohms, repair White/Black wire for short to ground. If
resistance is 1000 ohms or more, go to next step.
5) Connect jumper wire between ground and DLC connector
terminal No. 3 (White/Black wire). Measure resistance between ground
and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 10 (Violet/Brown
wire). If resistance is less than 5 ohms, go to next step. If
resistance is 5 ohms or more, repair open Violet/Brown wire.
6) Disconnect jumper wire. Connect jumper wire between ground
and DLC connector terminal No. 11 (White/Black wire). Measure
resistance between ground and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal
No. 9 (White/Black wire). If resistance is less than 5 ohms, go to
next step. If resistance is 5 ohms or more, repair open White/Black
wire.
7) Disconnect jumper wire. Measure resistance between ground
and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 4 (Black/Light Green
wire). If resistance is 5 ohms or less, repair open Black/Light Green
wire. If resistance is more than 5 ohms, go to next step.
8) Measure resistance between ground and instrument cluster
connector C1 terminal No. 5 (Black wire). If resistance is 5 ohms or
less, repair open Black wire. If resistance is more than 5 ohms,
replace instrument cluster.
9) Turn ignition off. Disconnect instrument cluster. Ensure
interior lights are off. Measure resistance between ground and
instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 4 (Black/Light Green
wire). If resistance is 5 ohms or less, repair open Black/Light Green
wire. If resistance is more than 5 ohms, go to next step.
10) Measure resistance between ground and instrument cluster
connector C1 terminal No. 5 (Black wire). If resistance is 5 ohms or
less, repair open Black wire. If resistance is more than 5 ohms,
replace instrument cluster.
11) Connect jumper wire between ground and DLC connector
terminal No. 11 (White/Black wire). Measure resistance between ground
and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 9 (White/Black wire).\
If resistance is less than 5 ohms, go to next step. If resistance is 5
ohms or more, repair open White/Black wire.
12) Disconnect jumper wire. Measure resistance between ground
and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 9 (White/Black wire).\
If resistance is less than 1000 ohms, repair White/Black wire for
short to ground. If resistance is 1000 ohms or more, go to next step.
13) Connect jumper wire between ground and DLC connector
terminal No. 3 (White/Black wire). Measure resistance between ground
and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 10 (Violet/Brown
wire). If resistance is less than 5 ohms, go to next step. If
resistance is 5 ohms or more, repair open Violet/Brown wire.
14) Using external ohmmeter, measure resistance between
ground and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 10
(Violet/Brown wire). If resistance is less than 1000 ohms, repair
Violet/Brown wire for short to ground. If resistance is 1000 ohms or

more, replace instrument cluster.
NO BUS BIAS
NOTE: For connector terminal identification and wiring diagrams,
see BODY CONTROL COMPUTER - INTRODUCTION article. Perform
VERIFICATION TEST VER-1 after each repair.
CAUTION: Always turn ignition off prior to disconnecting any module
connector.
1) Disconnect scan tool. Turn ignition on. Using an external
voltmeter, measure voltage between ground and DLC terminal No. 3
(Violet/Brown wire). If voltage is not 1.8-2.3 volts, go to step 3).
If voltage is 1.8-2.3 volts, go to next step.
2) Measure voltage between ground and DLC terminal No. 11
(White/Black wire). If voltage is not 1.8-2.3 volts, go to next step.
If voltage is 1.8-2.3 volts, replace scan tool cable or scan tool.
3) Connect jumper wire between ground and DLC connector
terminal No. 11 (White/Black wire). Turn ignition off. Remove
instrument cluster. Using external ohmmeter, measure resistance
between ground and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 9
(White/Black wire). If resistance is less than 5 ohms, go to next
step. If resistance is 5 ohms or more, repair open White/Black wire.
4) Disconnect jumper wire. Measure resistance between ground
and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 9 (White/Black wire).\
If resistance is less than 1000 ohms, repair White/Black wire for
short to ground. If resistance is 1000 ohms or more, go to next step.
5) Connect jumper wire between ground and DLC connector
terminal No. 3 (White/Black wire). Measure resistance between ground
and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 10 (Violet/Brown
wire). If resistance is less than 5 ohms, go to next step. If
resistance is 5 ohms or more, repair open Violet/Brown wire.
6) Disconnect jumper wire. Measure resistance between ground
and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 10 (Violet/Brown
wire). If resistance is less than 1000 ohms, repair Violet/Brown wire
for short to ground. If resistance is 1000 ohms or more, go to next
step.
7) Turn ignition on. Using external voltmeter, measure
voltage between ground and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal
No. 2 (Dark Blue/White wire). If voltage is 9.5 volts or less, repair
open Dark Blue/White wire. If voltage is more than 9.5 volts, go to
next step.
8) Turn ignition off. Using external ohmmeter, measure
resistance between ground and instrument cluster connector C1 terminal
No. 4 (Black/Light Green wire). If resistance is 5 ohms or less, go to\
next step. If resistance is more than 5 ohms, repair open Black/Light
Green wire.
9) Measure resistance between ground and instrument cluster
connector C1 terminal No. 5 (Black/Orange wire). If resistance is 5
ohms or less, replace instrument cluster. If resistance is more than 5
ohms, repair open Black/Orange wire.
NO RESPONSE AIR BAG CONTROL MODULE
NOTE: For connector terminal identification and wiring diagrams,
see BODY CONTROL COMPUTER - INTRODUCTION article. Perform
VERIFICATION TEST VER-1 after each repair.
CAUTION: Always turn ignition off prior to disconnecting any module
connector.
1) Remove and inspect fuse No. 19 from junction block.

Junction block is on left side of instrument panel. If fuse is open,
go to next step. If fuse is okay, go to step 6).
2) Using external voltmeter, measure voltage between ground
and voltage input side of fuse No. 19 socket. If voltage is 10 volts
or less, repair open ignition switch output circuit (Dark Blue wire
between ignition switch and junction block). If voltage is more than
10 volts, go to next step.
3) Turn ignition off and wait 2 minutes. Using external
ohmmeter, measure resistance between ground and fused ignition switch
output run/start terminal (Light Green/Yellow wire) on fuse No. 19
socket. If resistance is less than 5 ohms, go to next step. If
resistance is 5 ohms or more, go to step 5).
4) Disconnect Air Bag Control Module (ACM) connector. ACM is\
located under center of instrument panel. Turn ignition on. Measure
resistance between ground and fused ignition switch output run/start
terminal (Light Green/Yellow wire) on fuse No. 19 socket. If
resistance is less than 5 ohms, repair Light Green/Yellow wire for
short to ground. Replace fuse No. 19. If resistance is 5 ohms or more,
replace air bag control module and fuse No. 19.
5) Turn ignition off and wait 2 minutes. Disconnect Air Bag
Control Module (ACM) connector. ACM is located under center of
instrument panel. Using external ohmmeter, measure resistance of Light
Green/Yellow wire between ACM connector terminal No. 14 and fused
ignition switch output run/start terminal on fuse No. 19 socket. If
resistance is less than 5 ohms, connect ACM connector. Turn ignition
on. Replace fuse No. 19 in junction block. Go to appropriate AIR BAG
SERVICE & REPAIR, DOMESTIC CARS, LIGHT TRUCKS & VANS for further
testing. If resistance is 5 ohms or more, repair open Light
Green/Yellow wire. Replace fuse No. 19.
6) Using external voltmeter, measure voltage between ground
and voltage input side of fuse No. 19 socket. If voltage is 10 volts
or less, repair open ignition switch output circuit (Dark Blue wire
between ignition switch and junction block). If voltage is more than
10 volts, go to next step.
7) Turn ignition off and wait 2 minutes. Install fuse No. 19.
Disconnect Air Bag Control Module (ACM) connector. ACM is located
under center of instrument panel. Turn ignition on. Using external
voltmeter, measure voltage between ground and ACM connector terminal
No. 14 (Light Green/Yellow wire). If voltage is 10 volts or less,
repair open Light Green/Yellow wire. If voltage is more than 10 volts,
go to next step.
8) Turn ignition off. Using external ohmmeter, measure
resistance between ground and ACM connector terminal No. 4
(Black/Pink). If resistance is 5 ohms or more, repair open Black/Pink
wire. If resistance is less than 5 ohms, go to next step.
9) Turn ignition on. Using external voltmeter, measure
voltage between ground and ACM connector terminal No. 21 (Violet/Brown
wire). If voltage is not 1.8-2.6 volts, repair open Violet/Brown wire.
If voltage is 1.8-2.6 volts, go to next step.
10) Turn ignition off. Using external ohmmeter, measure
resistance between ground and ACM connector terminal No. 4 (Black/Pink
wire). If resistance is 5 ohms or more, repair open Black/Pink wire.
If resistance is less than 5 ohms, go to next step.
11) Using external voltmeter, measure voltage between ground
and ACM connector terminal No. 22 (White/Black wire). If voltage is
not 1.8- 2.6 volts, repair open White/Black wire. If voltage is 1.8-2.
6 volts, replace ACM.
NO RESPONSE CENTRAL TIMER MODULE
NOTE: For connector terminal identification and wiring diagrams,
see BODY CONTROL COMPUTER - INTRODUCTION article. Perform
VERIFICATION TEST VER-1 after each repair.

CAUTION: Always turn ignition off prior to disconnecting any module
connector.
1) Remove and inspect fuse No. 11 from junction block.
Junction block is on left side of instrument panel. If fuse is open,
go to next step. If fuse is okay, go to step 3).
2) Using external ohmmeter, measure resistance between ground
and fused ignition switch output run/start terminal (Dark Blue/White
wire) on fuse No. 11 socket. If resistance is less than 5 ohms, repair
short to ground in Dark Blue/White wire. Replace fuse No. 11. If
resistance is 5 ohms or more, replace fuse No. 11.
3) Install fuse No. 11. Remove and inspect fuse No. 6 from
junction block. If fuse is open, next step. If fuse is okay, go to
step 5).
4) Using external ohmmeter, measure resistance between ground
and fused ignition switch output run/accy terminal (Dark Blue wire) on\
fuse No. 6 socket. If resistance is less than 5 ohms, repair short to
ground in Dark Blue wire. Replace fuse No. 6. If resistance is 5 ohms
or more, replace fuse No. 6.
5) Install fuse No. 6. Disconnect Central Timer Module (CTM)\
.
CTM is located under left side of instrument panel. Using external
ohmmeter, measure resistance between ground and CTM 18-pin connector
terminal No. 3 (Black/Orange wire). If resistance is more than 5 ohms,\
repair open Black/Orange wire. If resistance is 5 ohms or less, go to
next step.
6) Measure resistance between ground and CTM 14-pin connector
terminal No. 6 (Black/Light Green wire). If resistance is more than 5
ohms, repair open Black/Light Green wire. If resistance is 5 ohms or
less, go to next step.
7) Turn ignition on. Using scan tool, perform CCD Bus test.
Connect jumper wire between ground and CTM 18-pin connector terminal
No. 16 (Violet/Brown wire). If scan tool does not display BUS SHORT TO\
GROUND, repair open Violet/Brown wire. If scan tool displays BUS SHORT
TO GROUND, go to next step.
8) Disconnect jumper wire. Connect jumper wire between ground
and CTM 18-pin connector terminal No. 17 (White/Black wire). If scan
tool does not display BUS SHORT TO GROUND, repair open White/Black
wire. If scan tool displays BUS SHORT TO GROUND, replace CTM.
NO RESPONSE INSTRUMENT CLUSTER
NOTE: For connector terminal identification and wiring diagrams,
see BODY CONTROL COMPUTER - INTRODUCTION article. Perform
VERIFICATION TEST VER-1A after each repair.
CAUTION: Always turn ignition off prior to disconnecting any module
connector.
1) Turn ignition on. Using scan tool, select BODY CONTROL
MODULE. If scan tool displays NO RESPONSE, go to NO RESPONSE CENTRAL
TIMER MODULE. If scan tool does not display NO RESPONSE, go to next
step.
2) Using scan tool, select SYSTEM TEST. If scan tool displays
PCM ACTIVE ON THE BUS, go to next step. If scan tool does not display
PCM ACTIVE ON THE BUS, go to NO RESPONSE POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE.
3) Turn ignition off. Remove instrument cluster. Turn
ignition on. Using scan tool, turn on CCD bus bias under SYSTEM
MONITORS, then CCD BUS VOLTAGE. Connect jumper wire between ground and
instrument cluster connector C1 terminal No. 10 (Violet/Brown wire).
If scan tool voltage did not drop to about zero volts, repair open
Violet/Brown wire. If scan tool voltage dropped to about zero volts,
go to next step.

4) Move jumper to instrument cluster connector C1 terminal
No. 9 (White/Black wire). Monitor CCD BUS VOLTAGE. If scan tool
voltage did not drop to about zero volts, repair open White/Black
wire. If scan tool voltage did not drop to about zero volts, replace
instrument cluster.
NO RESPONSE POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE
NOTE: For connector terminal identification and wiring diagrams,
see BODY CONTROL COMPUTER - INTRODUCTION article. Perform
VERIFICATION TEST VER-1 after each repair.
CAUTION: Always turn ignition off prior to disconnecting any module
connector.
1) If engine does not run, see appropriate BASIC DIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURES article in ENGINE PERFORMANCE section. If engine runs, go
to next step.
2) Turn ignition off. Disconnect Powertrain Control Module
(PCM). PCM is mounted in right side of firewall. Turn ignition on.
Connect jumper wire between ground and PCM connector C3 terminal. No.
30 (Violet/Brown wire). Using scan tool, perform CCD BUS test. If scan\
tool does not display SHORT TO GROUND, repair open Violet/Brown wire.
If scan tool displays SHORT TO GROUND, go to next step.
3) Move jumper wire to PCM connector C3 terminal No. 28
(White/Black wire). Perform CCD BUS test. If scan tool does not
display SHORT TO GROUND, repair open White/Black wire. If scan tool
displays SHORT TO GROUND, replace PCM.
NO RESPONSE COMPASS/MINI-TRIP SYSTEM
NOTE: For connector terminal identification and wiring diagrams,
see BODY CONTROL COMPUTER - INTRODUCTION article. Perform
VERIFICATION TEST VER-1 after each repair.
CAUTION: Always turn ignition off prior to disconnecting any module
connector.
1) Remove and inspect fuse No. 11 from junction block.
Junction block is on left side of instrument panel. If fuse is open,
go to next step. If fuse is okay, go to step 3).
2) Using external ohmmeter, measure resistance between ground
and fused ignition switch output run/start terminal (Dark Blue/White
wire) on fuse No. 11 socket. If resistance is less than 5 ohms, repair
Dark Blue/White wire for short to ground. Replace fuse No. 11. If
resistance is 5 ohms or more, replace fuse No. 11.
3) Reinstall fuse. Disconnect CMTC 12-pin connector. Turn
ignition on. Using external voltmeter, measure voltage between ground
and CMTC connector terminal No. 1 (Dark Blue/White wire). If voltage
is less than 9.5 volts, repair open Dark Blue/White wire. If voltage
is 9.5 volts or more, go to next step.
4) Using external voltmeter, measure voltage between ground
and CMTC connector terminal No. 5 (Pink wire). If voltage is less than\
9.5 volts, repair open Pink wire. If voltage is 9.5 volts or more, go
to next step.
5) Turn ignition off. Using external ohmmeter, measure
resistance between ground and CMTC connector terminal No. 7
(Black/Light Green wire). If resistance is 5 ohms or less, go to next
step. If resistance is more than 5 ohms, repair open Black/Light Green
wire.
6) Using scan tool, perform CCD bus test. Connect jumper wire
between ground and CMTC connector terminal No. 2 (Violet/Brown wire).
If scan tool displays BUS (+) SHORTED TO GROUND, go to next step. If


WAVEFO RM S - IN JE C TO R P A TTE R N T U TO RIA L

1999 D odge P ic ku p R 1500
GENERAL INFORMATION
Waveforms - Injector Pattern Tutorial
* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *
NOTE: This article is intended for general information purposes
only. This information may not apply to all makes and models.
PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE
Learning how to interpret injector drive patterns from a Lab
Scope can be like learning ignition patterns all over again. This
article exists to ease you into becoming a skilled injector pattern
interpreter.
You will learn:
* How a DVOM and noid light fall short of a lab scope.
* The two types of injector driver circuits, voltage controlled
& current controlled.
* The two ways injector circuits can be wired, constant
ground/switched power & constant power/switched ground.
* The two different pattern types you can use to diagnose with,
voltage & current.
* All the valuable details injector patterns can reveal.
SCOPE OF THIS ARTICLE
This is NOT a manufacturer specific article. All different
types of systems are covered here, regardless of the specific
year/make/model/engine.
The reason for such broad coverage is because there are only
a few basic ways to operate a solenoid-type injector. By understanding
the fundamental principles, you will understand all the major points
of injector patterns you encounter. Of course there are minor
differences in each specific system, but that is where a waveform
library helps out.
If this is confusing, consider a secondary ignition pattern.
Even though there are many different implementations, each still has
a primary voltage turn-on, firing line, spark line, etc.
If specific waveforms are available in On Demand for the
engine and vehicle you are working on, you will find them in the
Engine Performance section under the Engine Performance category.
IS A LAB SCOPE NECESSARY?
INTRODUCTION
You probably have several tools at your disposal to diagnose
injector circuits. But you might have questioned "Is a lab scope
necessary to do a thorough job, or will a set of noid lights and a
multifunction DVOM do just as well?"
In the following text, we are going to look at what noid
lights and DVOMs do best, do not do very well, and when they can
mislead you. As you might suspect, the lab scope, with its ability to
look inside an active circuit, comes to the rescue by answering for
the deficiencies of these other tools.
OVERVIEW OF NOID LIGHT

The noid light is an excellent "quick and dirty" tool. It can
usually be hooked to a fuel injector harness fast and the flashing
light is easy to understand. It is a dependable way to identify a no-
pulse situation.
However, a noid light can be very deceptive in two cases:
* If the wrong one is used for the circuit being tested.
Beware: Just because a connector on a noid light fits the
harness does not mean it is the right one.
* If an injector driver is weak or a minor voltage drop is
present.
Use the Right Noid Light
In the following text we will look at what can happen if the
wrong noid light is used, why there are different types of noid lights
(besides differences with connectors), how to identify the types of
noid lights, and how to know the right type to use.
First, let's discuss what can happen if the incorrect type of
noid light is used. You might see:
* A dimly flashing light when it should be normal.
* A normal flashing light when it should be dim.
A noid light will flash dim if used on a lower voltage
circuit than it was designed for. A normally operating circuit would
appear underpowered, which could be misinterpreted as the cause of a
fuel starvation problem.
Here are the two circuit types that could cause this problem:
* Circuits with external injector resistors. Used predominately
on some Asian & European systems, they are used to reduce the
available voltage to an injector in order to limit the
current flow. This lower voltage can cause a dim flash on a
noid light designed for full voltage.
* Circuits with current controlled injector drivers (e.g. "Peak
and Hold"). Basically, this type of driver allows a quick
burst of voltage/current to flow and then throttles it back
significantly for the remainder of the pulse width duration.
If a noid light was designed for the other type of driver
(voltage controlled, e.g. "Saturated"), it will appear dim
because it is expecting full voltage/current to flow for the
entire duration of the pulse width.
Let's move to the other situation where a noid light flashes
normally when it should be dim. This could occur if a more sensitive
noid light is used on a higher voltage/amperage circuit that was
weakened enough to cause problems (but not outright broken). A circuit\
with an actual problem would thus appear normal.
Let's look at why. A noid light does not come close to
consuming as much amperage as an injector solenoid. If there is a
partial driver failure or a minor voltage drop in the injector
circuit, there can be adequate amperage to fully operate the noid
light BUT NOT ENOUGH TO OPERATE THE INJECTOR.
If this is not clear, picture a battery with a lot of
corrosion on the terminals. Say there is enough corrosion that the
starter motor will not operate; it only clicks. Now imagine turning on
the headlights (with the ignition in the RUN position). You find they
light normally and are fully bright. This is the same idea as noid
light: There is a problem, but enough amp flow exists to operate the
headlights ("noid light"), but not the starter motor ("injector").
How do you identify and avoid all these situations? By using
the correct type of noid light. This requires that you understanding

the types of injector circuits that your noid lights are designed for.
There are three. They are:
* Systems with a voltage controlled injector driver. Another
way to say it: The noid light is designed for a circuit with
a "high" resistance injector (generally 12 ohms or above).
* Systems with a current controlled injector driver. Another
way to say it: The noid light is designed for a circuit with
a low resistance injector (generally less than 12 ohms)
without an external injector resistor.
* Systems with a voltage controlled injector driver and an
external injector resistor. Another way of saying it: The
noid light is designed for a circuit with a low resistance
injector (generally less than 12 ohms) and an external
injector resistor.
NOTE: Some noid lights can meet both the second and third
categories simultaneously.
If you are not sure which type of circuit your noid light is
designed for, plug it into a known good car and check out the results.
If it flashes normally during cranking, determine the circuit type by
finding out injector resistance and if an external injector resistor
is used. You now know enough to identify the type of injector circuit.
Label the noid light appropriately.
Next time you need to use a noid light for diagnosis,
determine what type of injector circuit you are dealing with and
select the appropriate noid light.
Of course, if you suspect a no-pulse condition you could plug
in any one whose connector fit without fear of misdiagnosis. This is
because it is unimportant if the flashing light is dim or bright. It
is only important that it flashes.
In any cases of doubt regarding the use of a noid light, a
lab scope will overcome all inherent weaknesses.
OVERVIEW OF DVOM
A DVOM is typically used to check injector resistance and
available voltage at the injector. Some techs also use it check
injector on-time either with a built-in feature or by using the
dwell/duty function.
There are situations where the DVOM performs these checks
dependably, and other situations where it can deceive you. It is
important to be aware of these strengths and weaknesses. We will cover
the topics above in the following text.
Checking Injector Resistance
If a short in an injector coil winding is constant, an
ohmmeter will accurately identify the lower resistance. The same is
true with an open winding. Unfortunately, an intermittent short is an
exception. A faulty injector with an intermittent short will show
"good" if the ohmmeter cannot force the short to occur during testing.
Alcohol in fuel typically causes an intermittent short,
happening only when the injector coil is hot and loaded by a current
high enough to jump the air gap between two bare windings or to break
down any oxides that may have formed between them.
When you measure resistance with an ohmmeter, you are only
applying a small current of a few milliamps. This is nowhere near
enough to load the coil sufficiently to detect most problems. As a
result, most resistance checks identify intermittently shorted
injectors as being normal.
There are two methods to get around this limitation. The
first is to purchase an tool that checks injector coil windings under