1996 TOYOTA RAV4 engine oil

P13437
P13438
P02892
P03216
Plastigage
P13442
− ENGINE MECHANICALCYLINDER BLOCK
EM−83
1996 RAV4 (RM447U)
(c) Using a plastic−faced hammer, lightly tap the connecting
rod bolts and lift off the connecting rod cap.
HINT:
Keep the lower bearing inserted with the connecting rod cap.
(d) Cover the connecting rod bolts with a short piece of hose
to protect the crankshaft from damage.
(e) Clean the crank pin and bearing.
(f) Check the crank pin and bearing for pitting and scratches.
If the crank pin or bearing is damaged, replace the bearings. If
necessary, grind or replace the crankshaft.
(g) Lay a strip of Plastigage across the crank pin.
(h) Install the connecting rod cap (See page EM−99).
NOTICE:
Do not turn the crankshaft.
(i) Remove the connecting rod cap (See procedure (b) and
(c) above).
(j) Measure the Plastigage at its widest point.
Standard oil clearance:
STD0.024 − 0.055 mm (0.0009 − 0.0022 in.)
U/S 0.250.023 − 0.069 mm (0.0009 − 0.0027 in.)
Maximum oil clearance: 0.08 mm (0.0031 in.)
If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace the bear-
ings. If necessary, grind or replace the crankshaft.

N00932
Mark
1, 2 or 3Mark
1, 2 or 3
S01617
P13438
P13444
P13445
10
8
4
37951 62 EM−84
− ENGINE MECHANICALCYLINDER BLOCK
1996 RAV4 (RM447U)
HINT:
If using a standard bearing, replace it with one having the same
number marked on the connecting rod cap. There are 3 sizes
of standard bearings, marked ”1”, ”2” and ”3” accordingly.
Standard sized bearing center wall thickness:
Mark ”1”1.484 − 1.488 mm (0.0584 − 0.0586 in.)
Mark ”2”1.488 − 1.492 mm (0.0586 − 0.0587 in.)
Mark ”3”1.492 − 1.496 mm (0.0587 − 0.0589 in.)
(k) Completely remove the Plastigage.
16. R E M O V E P I S TO N A N D C O N N E C T I N G R O D A S-
SEMBLIES
(a) Using a ridge reamer, remove all the carbon from the top
of the cylinder.
(b) Cover the connecting rod bolts with a short piece of hose
to protect the crankshaft from damage.
(c) Push the piston, connecting rod assembly and upper
bearing through the top of the cylinder block.
HINT:
Keep the bearings, connecting rod and cap together.
Arrange the piston and connecting rod assemblies in the
correct order.
17. CHECK CRANKSHAFT THRUST CLEARANCE
Using a dial indicator, measure the thrust clearance while prying
the crankshaft back and forth with a screwdriver.
Standard thrust clearance:
0.020 − 0.220 mm (0.0008 − 0.0087 in.)
Maximum thrust clearance: 0.30 mm (0.0118 in.)
If the thrust clearance is greater than maximum, replace the
thrust washer as a set.
Thrust washer thickness:
2.440 − 2.490 mm (0.0961 − 0.0980 in.)
18. REMOVE MAIN BEARING CAPS AND CHECK OIL
CLEARANCE
(a) Uniformly loosen and remove the 10 main bearing cap
bolts in several passes, in the sequence shown.

P13449
Z11716
No. 1
No. 2No. 3 No. 4No. 5
Mark
1, 2 or 3
Mark
0, 1 or 2
Mark
1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 No. 5
No. 4
EXAMPLE: Cylinder block ”2” + Crankshaft ”1”
= Total number 3 (Use bearing ”3”)
Number marked
Cylinder block
Crankshaft
Use bearing123
1
111 2
22
22
333445 000 EM−86
− ENGINE MECHANICALCYLINDER BLOCK
1996 RAV4 (RM447U)
(j) Measure the Plastigage at its widest point.
Standard clearance:
No. 3 STD
U/S 0.250.025 − 0.044 mm (0.0010 − 0.0017 in.)
0.027 − 0.067 mm (0.0011 − 0.0026 in.)
Others STD
U/S 0.250.015 − 0.034 mm (0.0006 − 0.0013 in.)
0.019 − 0.059 mm (0.0007 − 0.0023 in.)
Maximum clearance: 0.08 mm (0.0031 in.)
HINT:
If replacing the cylinder block subassembly, the bearing stan-
dard clearance will be:
No. 30.027 − 0.054 mm (0.0001 − 0.0021 in.)
Others0.017 − 0.044 mm (0.0007 − 0.0017 in.)
If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace the bear-
ings. If necessary, grind or replace the crankshaft.
HINT:
If using a standard bearing, replace it with one having the same
number. If the number of the bearing cannot be determined, se-
lect the correct bearing by adding together the numbers im-
printed on the cylinder block and crankshaft, then selecting the
bearing with the same number as the total. There are 5 sizes
of standard bearings, marked ”1”, ”2”, ”3”, ”4” and ”5” according-
ly.
Reference
Cylinder block main journal bore diameter:
Mark ”1”59.020 − 59.026 mm (2.3236 − 2.3239 in.)
Mark ”2”59.026 − 59.032 mm (2.3239 − 2.3241 in.)
Mark ”3”59.032 − 59.038 mm (2.3241 − 2.3243 in.)
Crankshaft main journal diameter:
Mark ”0”54.998 − 55.003 mm (2.1653 − 2.1655 in.)
Mark ”1”54.993 − 54.998 mm (2.1651 − 2.1653 in.)
Mark ”2”54.988 − 54.993 mm (2.1649 − 2.1651 in.)

P13407
P13424
S01239
− ENGINE MECHANICALCYLINDER BLOCK
EM−87
1996 RAV4 (RM447U)
Standard sized bearing center wall thickness:
No. 3
Mark ”1”1.992 − 1.995 mm (0.0784 − 0.0785 in.)
Mark ”2”1.995 − 1.998 mm (0.0785 − 0.0787 in.)
Mark ”3”1.998 − 2.001 mm (0.0787 − 0.0788 in.)
Mark ”4”2.001 − 2.004 mm (0.0788 − 0.0789 in.)
Mark ”5”2.004 − 2.007 mm (0.0789 − 0.0790 in.)
Others
Mark ”1”1.997 − 2.000 mm (0.0786 − 0.0787 in.)
Mark ”2”2.000 − 2.003 mm (0.0787 − 0.0789 in.)
Mark ”3”2.003 − 2.006 mm (0.0789 − 0.0790 in.)
Mark ”4”2.006 − 2.009 mm (0.0790 − 0.0791 in.)
Mark ”5”2.009 − 2.012 mm (0.0791 − 0.0792 in.)
(k) Completely remove the Plastigege.
19. REMOVE CRANKSHAFT
(a) Lift out the crankshaft.
(b) Remove the 5 upper bearings and 2 upper thrust washers
from the cylinder block.
HINT:
Arrange the main bearing caps, bearings and thrust washers in
the correct order.
20. CHECK FIT BETWEEN PISTON AND PISTON PIN
Try to move the piston back and forth on the piston pin.
If any movement is felt, replace the piston and pin as a set.
21. REMOVE PISTON RINGS
(a) Using a piston ring expander, remove the 2 compression
rings.
(b) Remove the 2 side rails and oil ring expander by hand.
HINT:
Arrange the piston rings in correct order only.

S01244
P16540
Front
Mark
(Cavity)Mark 1, 2 or 3
Z11709
26 mm
(1.02 in.)
− ENGINE MECHANICALCYLINDER BLOCK
EM−91
1996 RAV4 (RM447U)
(c) Using solvent and a brush, thoroughly clean the piston.
NOTICE:
Do not use a wire brush.
4. INSPECT PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD
(a) Inspect the piston oil clearance.
HINT:
There are 3 sizes of the standard piston diameter, marked ”1”,
”2” and ”3” accordingly. The mark is stamped on the piston top.
(1) Using a micrometer, measure the piston diameter at
right angles to the piston pin center line, 20.5 mm
(0.807 in.) from the piston head.
Piston diameter:
STD Mark ”1”
Mark ”2”
Mark ”3”85.870 − 85.880 mm (3.3807 − 3.3811 in.)
85.880 − 85.890 mm (3.3811 − 3.3815 in.)
85.890 − 85.900 mm (3.3815 − 3.3819 in.)
O/S 0.5086.370 − 86.400 mm (3.4004 − 3.4016 in.)
(2) Measure the cylinder bore diameter in the thrust
directions (See step 2).
(3) Subtract the piston diameter measurement from the
cylinder bore diameter measurement.
Standard oil clearance:
0.12 − 0.14 mm (0.0047 − 0.0055 in.)
Maximum oil clearance: 0.16 mm (0.0063 in.)
If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace all the 4
pistons and rebore all the 4 cylinders (See page EM−96). If nec-
essary, replace the cylinder block.

Z19572
Mark 1, 2 or 3
No. 1 No. 2No. 3
No. 4
Mark
1, 2 or 3
Front Mark
(Cavity)
S01245
EM0224
Top of
Cylinder Block
110 mm
(4.33 in.)
EM7639
EM−92
− ENGINE MECHANICALCYLINDER BLOCK
1996 RAV4 (RM447U)
HINT:
Use new cylinder block:
Use a piston with the same number mark as the cylinder bore
diameter marked on the cylinder block.
(b) Inspect the piston ring groove clearance.
Using a feeler gauge, measure the clearance between
new piston ring and the wall of the ring groove.
Ring groove clearance:
0.030 − 0.070 mm (0.0012 − 0.0028 in.)
If the clearance is not as specified, replace the piston.
(c) Inspect the piston ring end gap.
(1) Insert the piston ring into the cylinder bore.
(2) Using a piston, push the piston ring a little beyond
the bottom of the ring travel, 110 mm (4.33 in.) from
the top of the cylinder block.
(3) Using a feeler gauge, measure the end gap.
Standard end gap:
No. 10.270 − 0.500 mm (0.0106 − 0.0197 in.)
No. 20.270 − 0.510 mm (0.0106 − 0.0201 in.)
Oil (Side rail)0.200 − 0.550 mm (0.0079 − 0.0217 in.)
Maximum end gap:
No. 11.10 mm (0.0433 in.)
No. 21.11 mm (0.0437 in.)
Oil (Side rail)1.15 mm (0.0453 in.)

S01246
Z00064
Z00065
EM7538
− ENGINE MECHANICALCYLINDER BLOCK
EM−93
1996 RAV4 (RM447U)
If the end gap is greater than maximum, replace the piston ring.
If the end gap is greater than maximum, even with a new piston
ring, rebore all the 4 cylinders (see page EM−96) or replace the
cylinder block.
(d) Inspect the piston pin fit.
At 60°C (140°F), you should be able to push the piston
pin into the piston pin hole with your thumb.
(e) Using a rod aligner and feeler gauge, check the connect-
ing rod alignment.
(1) Check for out−of−alignment.
Maximum out−of−alignment:
0.05 mm (0.0020 in.) per 100 mm (3.94 in.)
If out−of−alignment is greater than maximum, replace the con-
necting rod assembly.
(2) Check for twist
Maximum twist:
0.15 mm (0.0059 in.) per 100 mm (3.94 in.)
If twist is greater than maximum, replace the connecting rod as-
sembly.
(f) Inspect the piston pin oil clearance.
(1) Using a caliper gauge, measure the inside diameter
of the connecting rod bushing.
Bushing inside diameter:
22.005 − 22.017 mm (0.8663 − 0.8668 in.)

EM0227
P13428
P13429
15 mm
(0.59 in.) EM−94
− ENGINE MECHANICALCYLINDER BLOCK
1996 RAV4 (RM447U)
(2) Using a micrometer, measure the piston pin diame-
ter.
Piston pin diameter:
21.997 − 22.009 mm (0.8660 − 0.8665 in.)
(3) Subtract the piston pin diameter measurement from
the bushing inside diameter measurement.
Standard oil clearance:
0.005 − 0.011 mm (0.0002 − 0.0004 in.)
Maximum oil clearance: 0.05 mm (0.0020 in.)
If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace the bush-
ing (See page EM−96). If necessary, replace the piston and pis-
ton pin as a set.
(g) Inspect the connecting rod bolts.
(1) Install the cap nut to the connecting rod bolt. Check
that the cap nut can be turned easily by hand to the
end of the thread.
(2) If the cap nut cannot be turned easily, measure the
outside diameter of the connecting rod bolt with a
vernier caliper.
Standard diameter:
7.860 − 8.000 mm (0.3094 − 0.3150 in.)
Minimum diameter: 7.60 mm (0.2992 in.)
HINT:
If the location of this area cannot be judged by visual inspection,
measure the outer diameter at the location shown in the illustra-
tion.
If the outside diameter is less than minimum, replace the con-
necting rod bolt and nut as a set.