1982 CHEVROLET CAMARO check engine

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 301
MASTER CYLINDER
Before removing the hydraulic compon
ents for repair, remove the clutch
housing dust cover to verify the malf unction. Measure the movement of the
slave cylinder push rod by pushing the cl utch pedal to the floor; the minimum
movement should be 14mm. Do not r eplace the cylinder if its movement
exceeds the minimum.
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION
The clutch master cylinder is located in the engine compartment, on the left side
of the firewall, above the steering column.
1. Disconnect negative battery terminal from the battery.
2. Remove hush panel from under the dash.
3. Disconnect push rod from clutch pedal.
4. Disconnect hydraulic line from the clutch master cylinder.

Fig. 1: Hydraulic clutch system
5. Remove the master cylinder-to-cowl brace nuts. Remove master cylinder
and overhaul (if necessary).
6. Using a putty knife, clean th e master cylinder and cowl mounting
surfaces.

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 304
Never release a depressed clutch pedal
with the bleeder screw open or air will
be drawn into the system.
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

UNDERSTANDING AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS
The automatic transmission allows eng ine torque and power to be transmitted
to the rear wheels within a narrow range of engine operating speeds. It will
allow the engine to turn fast enough to produce plenty of power and torque at
very low speeds, while keeping it at a s ensible rpm at high vehicle speeds (and
it does this job without driv er assistance). The transmission uses a light fluid as
the medium for the transmission of power. This fluid also works in the operation
of various hydraulic control circui ts and as a lubricant. Because the
transmission fluid performs all of thes e functions, trouble within the unit can
easily travel from one part to another. For this reason, and because of the
complexity and unusual oper ating principles of the transmission, a very sound
understanding of the basic principles of operation will simplify troubleshooting.
TORQUE CONVERTER
The torque converter replaces the convent ional clutch. It has three functions:
1. It allows the engine to idle with t he vehicle at a standstill, even with the
transmission in gear.
2. It allows the transmission to shi ft from range-to-range smoothly, without
requiring that the driver close the throttle during the shift.
3. It multiplies engine torque to an incr easing extent as vehicle speed drops
and throttle opening is increased. This has the effect of making the
transmission more responsive and redu ces the amount of shifting
required.
The torque converter is a metal case which is shaped like a sphere that
has been flattened on opposite sides. It is bolted to the rear end of the
engine's crankshaft. Generally, the ent ire metal case rotates at engine
speed and serves as the engine's flywheel.
The case contains three sets of bl ades. One set is attached directly to
the case. This set forms the torus or pump. Another set is directly
connected to the output shaft, and forms the turbine. The third set is
mounted on a hub which, in turn, is mounted on a stationary shaft
through a one-way clutch. This third set is known as the stator.
A pump, which is driven by the conv erter hub at engine speed, keeps the
torque converter full of transmission fluid at all times. Fluid flows
continuously through the unit to provide cooling.
Under low speed acceleration, the tor que converter functions as follows:

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 305

Fig. 1: The torque converter housing is rotated by the engine's crankshaft, and
turns the impeller - The impeller then spin s the turbine, which gives motion to
the turbine shaft, driving the gears
The torus is turning faster than the turbi ne. It picks up fluid at the center of the
converter and, through centrifugal force, slings it outward. Since the outer edge
of the converter moves faster than the portions at the center, the fluid picks up
speed.
The fluid then enters the outer edge of th e turbine blades. It then travels back
toward the center of the converter case along the turbine blades. In impinging
upon the turbine blades, the fluid loses the energy picked up in the torus.
If the fluid was now returned directly into the torus, both halves of the converter
would have to turn at approximately t he same speed at all times, and torque
input and output would both be the same.
In flowing through the torus and turbine, the fluid picks up two types of flow, or
flow in two separate directions. It flow s through the turbine blades, and it spins
with the engine. The stator, whose blades are stationary when the vehicle is
being accelerated at low speeds, converts one type of flow into another. Instead
of allowing the fluid to flow straight back into the torus, the stator's curved
blades turn the fluid almost 90° toward the direction of rotation of the engine.
Thus the fluid does not flow as fast to ward the torus, but is already spinning
when the torus picks it up. This has the effe ct of allowing the torus to turn much
faster than the turbine. This differ ence in speed may be compared to the
difference in speed between the smaller and larger gears in any gear train. The
result is that engine powe r output is higher, and engine torque is multiplied.

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 306
As the speed of the turbine increases, th
e fluid spins faster and faster in the
direction of engine rotation. As a result, t he ability of the stator to redirect the
fluid flow is reduced. Under cruising conditions, the stator is eventually forced to
rotate on its one-way clutch in the dire ction of engine rotation. Under these
conditions, the torque converter begins to behave almost like a solid shaft, with
the torus and turbine speeds being almost equal.
PLANETARY GEARBOX
The ability of the torque converter to mult iply engine torque is limited. Also, the
unit tends to be more efficient when the turbine is rotating at relatively high
speeds. Therefore, a planetar y gearbox is used to carry the power output of the
turbine to the driveshaft.

Fig. 2: Planetary gears work in a sim ilar fashion to manual transmission gears,
but are composed of three parts
Planetary gears function very similarly to conventional transmission gears.
However, their construction is different in that three elements make up one gear
system, and, in that all three elements ar e different from one another. The three
elements are: an outer gear that is shaped like a hoop, with teeth cut into the
inner surface; a sun gear, mounted on a sha ft and located at the very center of

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 310
modulator pressure rises as the thro
ttle is opened wider. By responding to these
two pressures, the shift valves caus e the upshift points to be delayed with
increased throttle opening to make the bes t use of the engine's power output.
Most transmissions also make use of an auxiliary circuit for downshifting. This
circuit may be actuated by the throttle linkage the vacuum line which actuates
the modulator, by a cable or by a solenoid. It applies pressure to a special
downshift surface on the shift valve or valves.
The transmission modulator also governs the line pressure, used to actuate the
servos. In this way, the clutches and bands will be actuated with a force
matching the torque output of the engine.
IDENTIFICATION

Two types of transmissions are used on th e vehicles; Turbo Hydra-Matic 200C
3-speed and Turbo Hydra-Matic 700-R4 4-speed. Beginning in 1991, the 700-
R4 was redesignated the 4L60.

FLUID PAN
REMOVAL, FLUID/FILTER CH ANGE, & INSTALLATION
Refer to General Information & Ma intenance for fluid pan procedures.
ADJUSTMENTS
BANDS
There are no band adjustments possible or required.

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 312
4. Rotate the shift lever clockwis
e to the park detent and then back to
neutral.
5. Tighten cable attachment to 11 ft. lbs. (15 Nm).
The lever must be held out of P when tightening the nut.
SHIFT LINKAGE 1. Place the manual shaft of the transmission in N. Place the console shift
lever in N.
2. Install the cable in the slot of the shift lever. Adjust the cable so that the
pin has free movement.
3. Install and tighten t he nut to the pin.
THROTTLE VALVE CABLE 1. After installation of the cable to the transmission, engine bracket, and the
cable actuating lever, check to assure that the cable slider is in the zero
or fully re-adjusted position.
2. If cable slider is not in zero or fully re-adjusted, depress and hold the
metal re-adjust tab. Move the sli der back through the fitting in the
direction away from the cable actuat ing lever until the slider stops against
the fitting. Release the metal re-adjust tab.

Fig. 3: TV cable and linkage

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 319
In order to provide adequat
e clearance for transmission removal, it may be
necessary to raise both the front and the rear of the vehicle.
6. Mark the relationship between the driveshaft and the rear pinion flange
so that the driveshaft may be reinst alled in its original position.

Fig. 3: Converter-to-flywheel bolts

Fig. 4: Transmission mounts - 5.0L & 5.7L engine vehicles

GM – CAMARO 1982-1992 – Repair Guide (Checked by WxMax) 320
7. Unbolt the universal joint straps fr
om the pinion flange (use care to keep
the universal joint caps in place), lower and remove the driveshaft from
the vehicle. Place a transmission tailshaft plug or rag in place of the \
driveshaft to keep the transmission fluid from draining out.
8. Disconnect the catalytic converter support bracket at the transmission.
9. Disconnect the speedometer cable, electrical connectors and the shift
control cable from the transmission.
CAUTION - During the next step, rear spring force will cause the torque arm to
move toward the floor pan. When disconn ecting the arm from the transmission,
carefully place a piece of wood between the floor pan and the torque arm. This
will prevent possible personal injury and/or floor pan damage


Fig. 5: Transmission-to-engine bolts