2011 FORD KUGA index

Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist – Overview
Overview
E96701
1
2
3
45
6
7
8
9
Description
Item
ABS/ESP module or hydraulic control unit
(HCU)
1
Front wheel sensor, left-hand side
2
Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
3
Rear wheel sensor, left-hand side
4Description
Item
Rear wheel sensor, right-hand side
5
Combined yaw rate sensor and lateral
acceleration sensor / longitudinal
acceleration sensor
6
Wiring harness
7
G1001303en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
206-09B- 3
Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
206-09B- 3
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
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Description
Item
Front wheel sensor, right-hand side
8Description
Item
9 ESP switch
Testing the brakes on a roller dynamometer
- 4X4 vehicles only
On 4X4 vehicles a brake test on a roller
dynamometer must only be performed under the
following conditions.
• The brake test must not exceed a duration of 1 minute.
• Ignition key in position 0.
• The roller speed must not exceed 5 km/h.
ABS/ESP module or hydraulic control
unit (HCU)
E96821
1
23
The ABS/ESP module or the hydraulic control unit
(HCU) is mounted on the left-hand side of the
bulkhead. Diagnosis is performed with the aid of
a diagnostic tester.
The following components can be replaced
separately or as a unit:
• Hydraulic Control Unit (HCU)
• ABS/ESP module
• Mounting Bracket
The following must be taken into account when
removing/installing or renewing the ABS/ESP
module or the hydraulic control unit (HCU):
• Only hydraulic control units (HCU) which are pre-filled with brake fluid are available for
service operations.
• After replacing the HCU it is not necessary to bleed the system via the diagnostic tester.
• After replacing the brake fluid it is also only necessary to perform standard bleeding.
• The blanking caps/plugs must not be removed until the brake tubes are ready to be connected. • If accidentally dropped or knocked install a new
hydraulic control unit (HCU) and module
assembly.
• When the ABS/ESP module is removed/installed or replaced, it is necessary to reconfigure the
ABS/ESP module with the aid of the diagnostic
tester once all of the installation work has been
performed.
Refer to: Module Configuration (418-01 Module
Configuration, General Procedures).
Combined yaw rate sensor and lateral
acceleration sensor / longitudinal
acceleration sensor
E96822
The sensor is attached to the floor crossmember
at the front right. For vehicles with 4x4 drive, a
longitudinal acceleration sensor is also integrated
in the same housing.
The following must be taken into account when
removing/installing or replacing the combined yaw
rate sensor and lateral/longitudinal acceleration
sensor:
• Ensure the correct installation position of the yaw rate sensor and lateral/longitudinal
acceleration sensor.
G1001303en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
206-09B- 4
Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
206-09B- 4
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Front wheel sensor
E96823
The ABS sensor rings are built into the seals in the
front wheel bearings. The wheel sensors are joined
to the main wiring harness using a separate
connecting cable.
Rear wheel sensor
E96824
4X4:The ABS sensor rings are pressed onto the
rear drive shafts. The wheel sensors are joined to
the main wiring harness using a separate
connecting cable.
4X2: The ABS sensor rings are built into the hubs
of the rear wheel bearings. When installing a
replacement bearing, ensure that the new part is
aligned correctly. The wheel sensors are joined to
the main wiring harness using a separate
connecting cable.
Opto-electronic steering wheel rotation
sensor
E80158
G1001303en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
206-09B- 5
Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
206-09B- 5
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Vehicles with ESP are equipped with an
opto-electronic steering wheel rotation sensor as
an integral part of the clockspring.
The following must be taken into account when
removing/installing or replacing the opto-electronic
steering wheel rotation sensor:
• If installing a new clockspring, remove theclockspring locking screw.
ESP switch
E99006
Stability assist can be deactivated via the menu in
the instrument cluster.
G1001303en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
206-09B- 6
Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
206-09B- 6
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
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Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist – System Operation andComponent Description
System Diagram
E82694
M
P
UP
U
P
U
P
U
P
U
1
10
22
23
456
7
8
9
11
1213
1415
1617
18
2324
13
11
10
19
2526
2120
181818
18
Description
Item
Brake booster
1
Primary hydraulic circuit
2
Secondary hydraulic circuit
3
Pulsation damper
4Description
Item
Pulsation damper
5
engine control module
6
Damping chamber
7
Dual circuit hydraulic pump
8
G1001304en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
206-09B- 7
Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
206-09B- 7
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Description
Item
D.C. motor
9
Solenoid-operated pilot valve (2 off)
10
Solenoid-operated priming valve (2 off)
11
One way check valve
12
Low-pressure accumulator (2 off)
13
Solenoid-operated inlet valve (RH rear
brake)
14
Solenoid-operated inlet valve (LH front
brake)
15
Solenoid-operated outlet valve (LH front
brake)
16
Solenoid-operated outlet valve (RH rear
brake)
17Description
Item
Pressure sensor (5 off)
18
LH front brake (secondary circuit)
19
RH rear brake (secondary circuit)
20
LH rear brake (primary circuit)
21
RH front brake (primary circuit)
22
Solenoid-operated outlet valve (RH front
brake)
23
Solenoid-operated outlet valve (LH rear
brake)
24
Solenoid-operated inlet valve (LH rear
brake)
25
Solenoid-operated inlet valve (RH front
brake)
26
System Operation
The HCU features 3 operating modes:
Normal braking:
Initially, no current is supplied to
any of the solenoid-operated valves. Operating the
brake pedal produces a corresponding increase
or decrease of pressure in the brakes, through the
open pilot valves and inlet valves. If the ABS
module determines that EBD is necessary, it
energizes the inlet valves for both the rear brakes,
to isolate the brakes from any further increase in
hydraulic pressure.
ABS braking: If the ABS module determines that
ABS braking is necessary, it actuates the inlet and
outlet valves of the relevant brake and starts the
hydraulic return pump. The inlet valve closes to
isolate the brake from pressurized fluid; the outlet
valve opens to release pressure from the brake
into the accumulator and the return pump circuit.
The brake releases slightly and the wheel starts to turn again. The ABS control unit then operates the
inlet and outlet valves to regulate the hydraulic
pressure acting on the brake in order to maximize
braking effect without the wheel locking up. Control
of the valves for each wheel takes place
individually.
Active braking:
With active braking, pressure is
generated for other braking functions than the
normal and ABS braking systems, e.g. for the ESP
and TCS systems. For active braking, the ABS
module energizes the pilot valves and priming
valves, starts the return pump and energizes all of
the inlet valves. Brake fluid, drawn from the
reservoir through the master cylinder and priming
valve, is pressurized by the return pump and
supplied to the inlet valves. The ABS control unit
then actuates the inlet and outlet valves in order
to regulate the pressure for the individual brakes.
Some noise may be generated during active
braking.
G1001304en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
206-09B- 8
Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
206-09B- 8
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PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
E97570
12
3
4
5
6
7910111213
815
16
14
G1001304en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
206-09B-9
Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
206-09B- 9
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
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Description
Item
Battery
1
Battery junction box (BJB) in the engine
compartment
2
Generic electronic module (GEM)
3
Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
4
Instrument cluster
5
Data link connector (DLC)
6
Steering Wheel Rotation Sensor
7
ABS/ESP module or hydraulic control unit
(HCU)
8Description
Item
Combined yaw rate sensor and lateral
acceleration sensor / longitudinal
acceleration sensor
9
Front wheel sensor
10
Rear wheel sensor
11
Rear wheel sensor
12
Front wheel sensor
13
ESP switch
14
Rear brakes
15
Front brake
16
The ABS monitors the different wheel speeds of
the vehicle with the aid of wheel speed sensors.
Using the data from all of the wheel speed sensors,
the ABS module calculates the so-called reference
speed, which is a measure of the actual road
speed. The ABS module compares the individual
circumferential wheel speeds with this reference
speed when the driver initiates braking. If one or
more of the circumferential wheel speeds deviates
too far from the reference speed, this means that
slip at the affected wheels is so great that steering
stability of the vehicle is no longer ensured. The
ABS module actuates electro-mechanical valves
which influence the brake pressure at the relevant
wheels.
Like the traction control system (TCS), the ESP
system uses a large proportion of the ABS
components. In addition, there are sensors which
pick up the steering angle, the acceleration forces
acting on the vehicle and the yaw rate or yaw
moment. The sensors transmit these signals to the
combined ABS/ESP module. Using the wheel
speed and steering angle data, the ABS/ESP
module calculates the direction of travel planned
by the driver and determines the corresponding
speed-dependent lateral acceleration and yaw
moment. These values are compared with those
actual measured. If the actual lateral acceleration
and the yaw moment deviate excessively from the
target values (unstable driving characteristics), the
ABS/ESP module actuates individual brakes
selectively via the HCU (hydraulic control unit). In
addition, the engine speed is reduced by
intervention in the engine management system.
How the system works for understeer: In the
event of understeer, brake intervention occurs at
the wheels on the inside of the curve. The rear
wheel is braked heavily, so that a high amount of slip is caused. In this way, the cornering force of
the rear axle is heavily reduced and the centrifugal
force that now becomes effective turns the rear of
the vehicle back into the curve. The front wheel is
not braked as hard. The braking force that is
transmitted via the front wheel to the road surface
generates a torque with the aid of the lever arm
(vertical tire force to the vehicle's centre of gravity),
which supports the yaw moment of the vehicle.
Both measures together result in the vehicle
reverting back to the curved path intended by the
driver.
How the system works for oversteer:
In the
event of oversteer the wheels on the outside of the
curve are braked. This time, the front wheel is
subjected to a high level of slip so that the
cornering force at the front axle is reduced. The
rear wheel is not braked as heavily and, together
with the effective lever arm, results in a reduction
in the vehicle yaw moment. Both measures
together result in the vehicle being stabilized and
reverting back to the curved path intended by the
driver.
If ESP control occurs, possible ABS interventions
will be overridden as the ESP works at higher slip
rates than the ABS.
Emergency brake assist (EBA): The emergency
brake assist helps drivers in emergency braking
situations by automatically applying the brakes with
the maximum possible braking force.
If the brake pedal is pressed very suddenly, the
ABS module increases the hydraulic pressure to
all of the brakes until the threshold for ABS
intervention is reached. This applies the maximum
braking effort for the available traction. The ABS
control unit monitors inputs from the brake pedal
switch and from the pressure sensor within the
G1001304en2008.50 Kuga8/2011
206-09B- 10
Anti-Lock Control - Stability Assist
206-09B- 10
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
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