EM-256
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CYLINDER BLOCK
Use Undersize Bearing Usage Guide
When the specified main bearing oil clearance is not obtained with standard size main bearings, use under-
side (US) bearing.
When using undersize (US) bearing, measure the main bearing inner diameter with bearing installed, and
grind main journal so that the main bearing oil clearance satisfies the standard.
CAUTION:
In grinding crankshaft main jour nal to use undersize bearings,
keep the fillet R [1.5 mm (0.059 in)].
Bearing undersize table
Unit: mm (in)
Inspection After DisassemblyINFOID:0000000001325806
CRANKSHAFT END PLAY
Measure the clearance between thrust bearings and crankshaftarm when crankshaft is moved fully forward or backward with dial
indicator.
If the measured value exceeds the limit, replace thrust bearings,
and measure again. If it still exc eeds the limit, replace crankshaft
also.
01 UPR 2.483 - 2.486 (0.0978 - 0.0979) Black
Grade and color are different
for upper and lower bearings.
LWR 2.486 - 2.489 (0.0979 - 0.0980) Brown
12 UPR 2.486 - 2.489 (0.0979 - 0.0980) Brown
LWR 2.489 - 2.492 (0.0980 - 0.0981) Green
23 UPR 2.489 - 2.492 (0.0980 - 0.0981) Green
LWR 2.492 - 2.495 (0.0981 - 0.0982) Yellow
34 UPR 2.492 - 2.495 (0.0981 - 0.0982) Yellow
LWR 2.495 - 2.498 (0.0982 - 0.0983) Blue
45 UPR 2.495 - 2.498 (0.0982 - 0.0983) Blue
LWR 2.498 - 2.501 (0.0983 - 0.0985) Pink
56 UPR 2.498 - 2.501 (0.0983 - 0.0985) Pink
LWR 2.501 - 2.504 (0.0985 - 0.0986) Purple
67 UPR 2.501 - 2.504 (0.0985 - 0.0986) Purple
LWR 2.504 - 2.507 (0.0986 - 0.0987) White
78 UPR 2.504 - 2.507 (0.0986 - 0.0987) White
LWR 2.507 - 2.510 (0.0987 - 0.0988) Red
PBIC2373E
Size Thickness
US 0.25 (0.0098) 2.618 - 2.626 (0.1031 - 0.1034)
Standard : 0.10 - 0.25 mm (0.0039 - 0.0098 in)
Limit : 0.30 mm (0.0118 in)
PBIC2377E
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CYLINDER BLOCKEM-257
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CONNECTING ROD SIDE CLEARANCE
Measure the side clearance between connecting rod and crank-
shaft arm with feeler gauge.
If the measured value exceeds the limit, replace connecting rod, and measure again. If it still exceeds the limit, replace crankshaft
also.
PISTON TO PISTON PIN OIL CLEARANCE
Piston Pin Hole Diameter
Measure the inner diameter of piston pin hole with inside microme-
ter.
Piston Pin Outer Diameter
Measure the outer diameter of piston pin with micrometer.
Piston to Piston Pin Oil Clearance
(Piston to piston pin oil clearance) = (Piston pi n hole diameter) – (Piston pin outer diameter)
If the calculated value is out of the st andard, replace piston and piston pin assembly.
When replacing piston and piston pin assembly, refer to EM-250, "
How to Select Piston and Bearing".
NOTE:
Piston is available together with piston pin as assembly.
Piston pin (piston pin hole) grade is provided only for the parts installed at the plant. For service parts, no piston pin grades can be selected. (Only “0” grade is available.)
PISTON RING SIDE CLEARANCE
Standard : 0.20 - 0.35 mm (0.0079 - 0.0138 in)
Limit : 0.40 mm (0.0157 in)
PBIC0115E
Standard : 21.993 - 22.005 mm (0.8659 - 0.8663 in)
PBIC0116E
Standard : 21.989 - 22.001 mm (0.8657 - 0.8662 in)
PBIC0117E
Standard : 0.002 - 0.006 mm (0.0001 - 0.0002 in)
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CYLINDER BLOCKEM-259
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CONNECTING ROD BIG END DIAMETER
Install connecting rod bearing cap without installing connecting rod
bearing, and tightening connecting rod bolts to the specified
torque. Refer to EM-242, "
Disassembly and Assembly" for the
tightening procedure.
Measure the inner diameter of connecting rod big end with inside
micrometer.
If out of the standard, replace connecting rod assembly.
CONNECTING ROD BUSHING OIL CLEARANCE
Connecting Rod Bush ing Inner Diameter
Measure the inner diameter of connecting rod bushing with inside
micrometer.
Piston Pin Outer Diameter
Measure the outer diameter of piston pin with micrometer.
Connecting Rod Bushing Oil Clearance
(Connecting rod bushing oil clearance) = (Connecting rod bus hing inner diameter) – (Piston pin outer diame-
ter)
If the calculated value exceeds the limit, replac e connecting rod assembly and/or piston and piston pin
assembly.
If replacing piston and piston pin assembly, refer to EM-250, "
How to Select Piston and Bearing".
Standard : 55.000 - 55.013 mm (2.1654 - 2.1659 in)
PBIC1641E
Standard : 22.000 - 22.012 mm (0.8661 - 0.8666 in)
PBIC0120E
Standard : 21.989 - 22.001 mm (0.8657 - 0.8662 in)
PBIC0117E
Standard : 0.005 - 0.017 mm (0.0002 - 0.0007 in)
Limit : 0.030 mm (0.0012 in)
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EM-260
< SERVICE INFORMATION >[VK45DE]
CYLINDER BLOCK
If replacing connecting rod assembly, refer to "CONNECTING
ROD BEARING OIL CLEARANCE" to select the connecting rod
bearing.
Factory installed parts grading: Service parts apply only to grade “0”.
Unit: mm (in)
*: After installing in connecting rod
CYLINDER BLOCK DISTORTION
Using scraper, remove gasket on the cylinder block surface, and also remove engine oil, scale, carbon, orother contamination.
CAUTION:
Be careful not to allow gasket flakes to en ter engine oil or engine coolant passages.
Measure the distortion on the cylinder block upper face at some different points in six directions with straightedge and feeler gauge.
If it exceeds the limit, replace cylinder block.
MAIN BEARING HOUSING INNER DIAMETER
Install main bearing caps and main bearing without installing main bearings, and tighten main bearing cap bolts to the specified
torque. Refer to EM-242, "
Disassembly and Assembly" for the
tightening procedure.
Measure the inner diameter of main bearing housing with bore gauge.
If out of the standard, replace cylinder block and main bearing caps as assembly.
NOTE:
Cylinder block cannot be replaced as a single part, because it is
machined together with main bearing caps.
PISTON TO CYLINDER BORE CLEARANCE
Cylinder Bore Inner Diameter
PBIC2164E
Grade 0 1
Connecting rod bushing
inner diameter * 22.000 - 22.006
(0.8661 - 0.8664) 22.006 - 22.012
(0.8664 - 0.8666)
Piston pin hole diameter 21.993 - 21.999
(0.8659 - 0.8661) 21.999 - 22.005
(0.8661 - 0.8663)
Piston pin outer diameter 21.989 - 21.995
(0.8657 - 0.8659) 21.995 - 22. 001
(0.8659 - 0.8662)
PBIC2372E
Limit : 0.1 mm (0.004 in)
SEM123C
Standard : 68.944 - 68.968 mm (2.7143 - 2.7153 in)
PBIC1643E
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CYLINDER BLOCKEM-261
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Using bore gauge, measure cylinder bore for wear, out-of-round
and taper at six different points on each cylinder. (“X” and “Y” direc-
tions at “A”, “B” and “C”) (“Y” is in longitudinal direction of engine)
If the measured value exceeds the limit, or if there are scratches and/or seizure on the cylinder inner wall, hone or re-bore the inner
wall.
Oversize piston is provided. When using oversize piston, re-bore
cylinder so that the clearance of the piston-to-cylinder bore satis-
fies the standard.
CAUTION:
When using oversize piston, use oversize pistons for all cylin-
ders with oversize piston rings.
Piston Skirt Diameter
Measure the outer diameter of piston skirt with micrometer.
Measure point “H” (Distance fr om the top): 42 mm (1.65 in)
Piston to Cylinder Bore Clearance
Calculate by piston skirt diameter and cylinder bor e inner diameter (direction “X”, position “B”).
(Clearance) = (Cylinder bore inner diameter) – (Piston skirt diameter).
If the calculated value exceeds the limit, replace piston and piston pin assembly. Refer to EM-250, "
How to
Select Piston and Bearing".
Standard inner diameter:
93.000 - 93.030 mm (3.6614 - 3.6626 in)
Wear limit: 0.2 mm (0.008 in)
Out-of-round (Difference between “X” and “Y”):
0.015 mm (0.0006 in)
Taper limit (Difference between “A” and “C”):
0.01 mm (0.0004 in)
Oversize (OS) : 0.2 mm (0.008 in)
PBIC0123E
PBIC0124E
Standard : 92.980 - 93.010 mm (3.6606 - 3.6618 in)
PBIC0125E
PBIC0126E
Standard : 0.010 - 0.030 mm (0.0004 - 0.0012 in)
Limit : 0.08 mm (0.0031 in)
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EM-262
< SERVICE INFORMATION >[VK45DE]
CYLINDER BLOCK
Re-boring Cylinder Bore
1. Cylinder bore size is determined by adding piston to
cylinder bore clearance to piston skirt diameter.
2. Install main bearing caps and main bearing, and tight en to the specified torque. Otherwise, cylinder bores
may be distorted in final assembly.
3. Cut cylinder bores. NOTE:
When any cylinder needs boring, all other cylinders must also be bored.
Do not cut too much out of cylinder bore at a time. Cut only 0.05 mm (0.0020 in) or so in diameter at a
time.
4. Hone cylinders to obtain the specified piston to cylinder bore clearance.
5. Measure finished cylinder bore for the out-of-round and taper. NOTE:
Measurement should be done after cylinder bore cools down.
CRANKSHAFT MAIN JOURNAL DIAMETER
Measure the outer diameter of crankshaft main journals with micrometer.
If out of the standard, measure t he main bearing oil clearance. Then use undersize bearing. Refer to "MAIN
BEARING OIL CLEARANCE".
CRANKSHAFT PIN JOURNAL DIAMETER
Measure the outer diameter of crankshaft pin journal with micrometer.
If out of the standard, measure the connecting rod bearing oil clearance. Then use undersize bearing. Refer to "CONNECTING
ROD BEARING OIL CLEARANCE".
CRANKSHAFT OUT-OF-ROUND AND TAPER
Measure the dimensions at four different points as shown in thefigure on each main journal and pin journal with micrometer.
Out-of-round is indicated by the difference in the dimensions between “X” and “Y” at “A” and “B”.
Taper is indicated by the difference in the dimensions between “A”
and “B” at “X” and “Y”.
If the measured value exceeds the lim it, correct or replace crankshaft.
Re-bored size calculation: D = A + B – C
where,
D: Bored diameter
A: Piston skirt diameter as measured
B: Piston to cylinder bore clearance (standard value)
C: Honing allowance 0.02 mm (0.0008 in)
Standard : 63.940 - 63.964 mm (2.5173 - 2.5183 in) dia.
Standard : 51.956 - 51.974 mm (2.0455 - 2.0462 in) dia.
PBIC0127E
Limit: Out-of-round (Difference between “X” and “Y”) : 0.015 mm (0.0006 in)
Taper (Difference between “A” and “B”) : 0.010 mm (0.0004 in)
PBIC1685E
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CYLINDER BLOCKEM-263
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If corrected, measure the bearing oil clearance of the corrected main journal and/or pin journal. Then select
the main bearing and/or connecting rod bearing. Refer to "MAIN BEARING OIL CLEARANCE" and/or
"CONNECTING ROD BEARING OIL CLEARANCE".
CRANKSHAFT RUNOUT
Place V-block on precise flat table, and support the journals on the both end of crankshaft.
Place dial indicator straight up on the No. 3 journal.
While rotating crankshaft, read the movement of the pointer on dial indicator. (Total indicator reading)
If it exceeds the limit, replace crankshaft.
CONNECTING ROD BEARING OIL CLEARANCE
Method by Calculation
Install connecting rod bearings to connecting rod and cap, and tighten connecting rod bolts to the specified torque. Refer to EM-
242, "Disassembly and Assembly" for the tightening procedure.
Measure the inner diameter of connecting rod bearing with inside micrometer.
(Bearing oil clearance) = (Connecting rod bearing inner diameter) –
(Crankshaft pin journal diameter)
If the calculated value exceeds the limit, select proper connecting rod bearing according to connecting rod
big end diameter and crankshaft pin journal diameter to obtain the specified bearing oil clearance. Refer to
EM-250, "
How to Select Piston and Bearing".
Method of Using Plastigage
Remove oil and dust on crankshaft pin journal and the surfaces of each bearing completely.
Cut plastigage slightly shorter than the bearing width, and place it in crankshaft axial direction, avoiding oil
holes.
Install connecting rod bearings to connecting rod and cap, and tighten connecting rod bolts to the specified
torque. Refer to EM-242, "
Disassembly and Assembly" for the tightening procedure.
CAUTION:
Do not rotate crankshaft.
Remove connecting rod bearing cap and bearing, and using scale
on plastigage bag, measure the plastigage width.
NOTE:
The procedure when the measured value exceeds the limit is
same as that described in the “Method by Calculation”.
MAIN BEARING OIL CLEARANCE
Method by Calculation
Limit : 0.10 mm (0.0039 in)
PBIC2378E
Standard : 0.020 - 0.045 mm (0.0008 - 0.0018 in) (actu-
al clearance)
Limit : 0.055 mm (0.0022 in)
PBIC1642E
PBIC1149E
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EM-264
< SERVICE INFORMATION >[VK45DE]
CYLINDER BLOCK
Install main bearings to cylinder block and main bearing caps, and
tighten main bearing cap bolts with main bearing to the specified
torque. Refer to EM-242, "
Disassembly and Assembly" for the
tightening procedure.
Measure the inner diameter of main bearing with bore gauge.
(Bearing clearance) = (Main bearing inner diamet er) – (Crankshaft main journal diameter)
If the calculated value exceeds the limit, select proper main bearing according to main bearing inner diame-
ter and crankshaft main journal diameter to obtain the specified bearing oil clearance. Refer to EM-250,
"How to Select Piston and Bearing".
Method of Using Plastigage
Remove oil and dust on crankshaft main journal and the surfaces of each bearing completely.
Cut plastigage slightly shorter than the bearing width, and place it in crankshaft axial direction, avoiding oil
holes.
Install main bearings to cylinder block and main bearing caps, and tighten main bearing bolts with main bear- ing to the specified torque. Refer to EM-242, "
Disassembly and Assembly" for the tightening procedure.
CAUTION:
Do not rotate crankshaft.
Remove main bearing caps and bearings, and using scale on plas- tigage bag, measure the plastigage width.
NOTE:
The procedure when the measured value exceeds the limit is
same as that described in the “Method by Calculation”.
CRUSH HEIGHT OF MAIN BEARING
When main bearing cap is removed after being tightened to the specified torque with main bearings installed, the tip end of bearing
must protrude. Refer to EM-242, "
Disassembly and Assembly" for
the tightening procedure.
If the standard is not met, replace main bearings.
CRUSH HEIGHT OF CONNECTING ROD BEARING
PBIC1644E
Standard No. 1 and 5 journal : 0.001 - 0.011 mm (0.00004 - 0.0004 in)
No. 2, 3 and 4 journal : 0.007 - 0.017 mm (0.0003 - 0.0007 in)
Limit No. 1 and 5 journal : 0.021 mm (0.0008 in)
No. 2, 3 and 4 journal : 0.027 mm (0.0011 in)
PBIC1149E
Standard : There must be crush height.
SEM502G
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