68d. Fuel pressure system abnormal;
e. Idle control valve fault;
f. Vacuum pressure sensor fault;
g. Ignition system fault;
h. The compression pressure in the cylinder is a little lower;
i. Injector leakage.
3. Diagnosis and Troubleshooting
a. Perform self-diagnosis first, check whether there is any DTC, if there is, find the reason and cause by the
DTC;
b.If it is hard for cold start but easy for hot start, check water temperature sensor and intake temperature
sensor for fault;
c. If the engine can not be started quickly in hot condition, the relief of the fuel pressure will be fast, then
repair and replacement shall be made;
d. If the spark is too weak, check high pressure coil, spark plug clearance and spark plug for carbon deposit,
repair or replace them one by one after isolating the problem;
e. Intake and exhaust valve is not completely closed, piston ring failure is likely to cause low compression
pressure in the cylinder, you should carefully repair intake & exhaust valve and seat, or replace them;
failed piston ring shall be replaced.
4. Diagnosis and Troubleshooting for hard starting and trouble shooting procedure. (Figure 149)III. Fuel Pipeline and Circuit Faults for Poor Engine OperationPoor engine operation includes: insufficient power, poor acceleration, poor deceleration, big fuel consumption,
rough idle and Engine overheat.
1. Insufficient Power
(1) Symptom:
Engine operation is normal without load but slow at load, insufficient power when uphill and not improved
even if the accelerator pedal is completely depressed, speed can not be increased and unable to reach the
maximum vehicle speed.
(2) Causes:
a. Air cleaner is clogged;
b. Poor intake system seal;
c. Intake pressure temperature sensor fault;
d. Low fuel pressure;
e. Broken pressure adjustor;
f. Clogged injector or poor atomization;
g. Throttle position sensor fault;
h. High pressure spark is too weak;
i. Improper valve clearance;
70(3) Diagnosis procedure for insufficient engine power (Figure 150)
2. Poor deceleration
(1) Symptom
Idling is normal, but the engine is frequently turned off upon sudden release of the accelerator pedal
during driving.
(2) Causes and Troubleshooting:
a. Throttle position sensor is damaged and shall be replaced;
b. Initial idling is not properly adjusted or automatic idle control is wrong, fuel cut RPM is too low,
ECU fault, repair or replace them.Insufficient power
Insufficient
Check whether throttle valve can be fully open Unable to be fully open
Adjust
OK
Check whether the air cleaner is clogged Clogged
Clean or replace
OK
Check the throttle valve position sensor for failure Abnormal
Repair or replace
OK
Check the water temperature switch and thermostat NG
Replace
OK
Check the vacuum pressure sensor for failure NG
Replace
OK
Check the fuel pressure Excessively low or high
Service the electric fuel pump,
fuel filter and fuel pressure regulator
OK
Check the oxygen sensor Incorrect
Replace
OK
Check the injector Incorrect
Replace
OK
Replace the spark plug, ignition coil and high voltage wire
OK
Disassemble the engineFigure 150
7510. Engine overheat (Table 6)
Table 6Ite m Symptom Trouble shootingRepair or replace
Bad radiator hose Replace
Bad radiator tube strapSupplement welding, otherwise
replace it
Bad cylinder gasket Replace
Cracky cylinder blockRemedy with infiltration technology
or replace it
Poor water pump seal Replace the seal
Replace the anti-freeze liquid
Replace the thermostatBroken we ldSupplement weldingCorrosion result in pin holeFill the pinhole with clear coat,
otherwise replace it
Repair and dredge
Improve the ventilation
Repair or replace the water pump
Troubleshooting, replace the motor if
it is d a ma ge d
Replace
Repair and dredge
Repair or replace the oil pan if there
is o il le a k a ge , r e fill t he o il if it is no t
s up p le me nt e d in t imeCause
Ba d ra diator c over
Clogge d cooling tubePoor ventilationWater
le a ka ge
Anti-fre eze liquid not repla ce d
Bad thermostat
Radiator is
faultyWater
le a ka ge Insufficient
coolantF a ulty fa n vo lta ge
Disabled radiator temperature control
switch
Water jacket is clogged because of too much scale
I ns uffic ie nt e ngine o il ( o il le a k a ge o r d e la ye d filling)P oor
c ooling
Poor FanFaulty water pump
7611. General engine fault symptom and faulty area (Table 7)
Table 7
Unable to explode initially
Unable to explode completely
Difficult for cold start
Difficult for hot start
No fast ilde
Low idle speed
High idle speed
Rough ildling
Idle hunting
At urgent acceleration
When the accelerator pedal is releasec
During idling
Poor acceleration
Hunting during driving
Insufficient power
KnockInta ke a bosolute pre ssure
se nsor
c c c c c c c c c
Water temperature sensor c c c c c c c c c c
Re volution spee d se nsor
c
Throttle valve position
se nsor
c c c c c c c c
Vehicle speed sensor
c
Fuel pump system
c c c c c c
Fue l pre ssure regulator
c c c c c c c c c c
Fue l filte r a nd pipe line
c c c c c c c
Injector
c c c c c c c c c
Sta rte r signal
c c
Ignition c oil
c c c
Spark plug
c c c c c c c c
High pre ssure ca ble
c c
Ignition timing
c c c c c c c
Igniter in the ECU
c c c c
Throttle valve
c c c c c
Throttle valve body c c c
Air leakage in the intake
air system c c c c c c c c
Air valve
c c c c c
ECU powe r supply circuit
c
Ignition swtich
c
Ma in re la y
c
Fuel pump re lay cPoor driving Difficult to start Poor idling Engine off
Power
supply
system Control
system
Fuel
system
Ignitio n
system
Intake
air
systemSuspect
AreaSymptom
77IV. Exhaust Pipe Discharges Gas with Abnormal Color (or odor)When there is failure in engine combustion system, the exhaust pipe discharges gas with abnormal color.
1. The discharged gas is thickly black
This is caused by incomplete combustion. Since the mixed air is too thick, the combustion is not complete and
part of the fuel is discharged without combustion, leading to decrease of engine power. At this moment, you
should check fuel pressure regulator, throttle position sensor, injector and ECU system and correct the
problems in time.
2. Exhaust is blue and stinks
This is caused by large amount of oil vapor mixed in the exhaust gas that enters in the cylinder and partici-
pates in combustion. One of the primary reasons is that the piston oil ring is dirty and damaged, and shall be
replaced; another reason may be the failure of valve oil seal or excessive clearance between the valve stem
and guide bush hole resulting in oil entering the combustion chamber for combustion, oil seal or valve guide
bush shall be replaced to resume normal condition.
3. Exhaust is white
This is caused by water or fuel vapor mixed in the exhaust. The primary reason is that cylinder head gasket
is damaged, resulting in slow infiltration of coolant into cylinder and the water vapor entry into the exhaust
pipe after combustion, cylinder head gasket shall be replaced to resume the normal condition.Section 3 Engine Noise Diagnosis and TroubleshootingAbnormal sounds generated during engine operation (e.g. knocking sound, chuckle, hiss, rattle) are called
noise.
Engine noise is primarily generated in valve train, connecting rod piston crankshaft components and other
accessory system. The following description discusses the diagnosis and troubleshooting of the noise gener-
ated in valve train and crankshaft connecting rod mechanism.I. Diagnosis and troubleshooting of the noise in valve trainvalve train consists of intake & exhaust camshaft , valve, valve bushing, tappetand counter gear.
1. camshaft noise
(1) camshaft end play is excessively big (normal intake camshaft : 0.030~0.085mm, exhaust camshaft : 0.
035~0.090mm) , when it exceeds 0.11mm and noise is generated, replace it;
(2) Camshaft bend is another cause for noise; it shall be aligned or scraped. ;
(3) Camshaft journal is excessively worn, resulting in big radial clearance between camshaft and bearing and
noise, replace it;
2. Valve group knock noise
(1) Valve noise is caused by excessive valve clearance, the valve spring seat flange is damaged and shall be
replaced;
(2) Valve spring knock noise is caused by broken valve spring. It shall be replaced;
79II. Crankshaft connecting rod noise diagnosis and troubleshooting1. crankshaft connecting rod noise cause and troubleshooting
2. Piston ring leakage, knock and noise causes and troubleshootingNoise cause Elimination method
P iston ring broke n Re plac e
Exc e ssive piston ring ba ckla sh Re plac e
P iston ring contra a pe rture Corre ct (sta gge r)
P iston ring is loc ked Re plac e
Insuffic ient e lasticity of the piston ring Re plac e
P oor se al be twe e n te piston a nd c ylinder wa ll Re plac eNo.Noise areaNoise c a use Trouble shootingExcessive connecting rod bearing radialplayReplace the bearing
Conne c ting rod c ove r bolt loose nedTightenConne cting rod be a ring inse rt dimension
not a s s pe c if ie d r e s ult in r ot a t ion or
ruptureReplace the insert
Connecting rod bearing insert burnedReplace the insert
P oor lubric a tion for connec ting rodbearingDrill the lubric a nt hole to normal,
improve the lubric a nt line
Excessive main bearing raidal play Replace the main bearing
Main bearing cover bolt loosened Tighten
Main bearing insert burned Replace the insert
P oor lubr ic a t ion f or ma in be a r ingSmoothen the lubricant line or
e nla r ge t he oil hole
Ma in be aring inse rt dime nsion not a s
specified result in rotation or ruptureReplace the main bearing insert
Exc essive cranksha ft be a ring ra idal play Adjust (pa d) to norma l
Excessive wear of the cranshaft thrust
washerReplace the thrust washer
4Flywheel
impac t noiseFlywheel set bolt loosened Tighten 3Crankshaft
a xia l r unout
noise Connecting rod
bea ring noise 1
M a in be a r ing
noise 2
803. Piston knocking noise causes and troubleshootingNo. ItemTrouble shooting
Ma in be a r ing oil c ha nne l de pt h a nd w idt h
mis a line d or ins uf f ic ie nt oil pr e s s ur e r e s ult
in poor lubric ation of the c ylinder wa llRe pa ir or a djust the oil pre ssure to
s pe c if ic a t ion
Exce ssively big c lea ra nc e be twee n thepiston and the c ylinde r wallReplace the piston to resume the normal
clearance
Conne cting rod be ntCorre ct or repla ce the connec ting rodConne c ting rod journa l is not pa ra lle l with
t he ma in jour nalReplace the connecting rod
Conne c ting rod bushing a xia l de c lina tion Re plac e the bushingPistion counter ellipse Replace the piston
Excessively small clearance between thepistion and c ylinde r wa llRe pa ir the cylinde r or re plac e the piston
Exc e ssive ly small bac klash and e nd ga p for
the pis ton ring.Repair or replace the piston ring
P oor lubric a tion for c ylinde r wall a nd pistonDre dge the oil line to improve the
lubr ic a nt s pla s hing pr oble m
P iston pin and c onne cting rod e nd a re
insta lled too tightlyAdjust piston pin te nsion to norma l leve l
Conne c ting rod be a ring is asse mble d too
tightlyA djus t t he be a r ing t e ns ion t o nor ma l le ve l
P iston skirt ova lity is too bigReplace the piston with normal ovalityKnoc k when
e ngine is c old
Knoc k when
e ngine is hot
Knoc k no
matter the
e ngine is c old
or hot
843. Output Level
ECU output level is designed to send control signal to the actuators of the electronic control system based on
the orders of the microprocessor in the micro-controller. The microprocessor control the output level by
controlling the occurrence position of the pulse, its length and duty ratio.
(1) Injection output level
The microprocessor controls the pulse length of the injection output level by making sure whether to
trigger to circuit or not in the injection output level.
(2) Ignition input level
The ignition output level is designed to amplify the ignition signal from the microprocessor into the primary
current of the ignition coil.
(3) Electric fuel pump output level
ECU microcontroller control the pump relay through electric fuel pump output level, and then control the
on and off of the electric fuel pump based on the current operating conditions.
(4) Other output levels
Control the output levels of the idle control valve, carbon canister solenoid valve, malfunction indicator
lamp. MR479Q, MR479QA, MR481QA engine idle control are closed loop control system, their injection
and ignition control are also closed loop control system.