2001 NISSAN X-TRAIL engine coolant

CO-1
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM
B ENGINE
CONTENTS
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SECTION
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ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM
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PRECAUTIONS .......................................................... 3
Precautions For Liquid Gasket ................................. 3
REMOVAL OF LIQUID GASKET .......................... 3
LIQUID GASKET APPLICATION PROCEDURE ..... 3
PREPARATION ........................................................... 4
Special Service Tools ............................................... 4
OVERHEATING CAUSE ANALYSIS .......................... 5
Troubleshooting Chart .............................................. 5
COOLING SYSTEM .................................................... 7
Cooling Circuit .......................................................... 7
System Drawing ....................................................... 8
ENGINE COOLANT .................................................... 9
Inspection ................................................................. 9
LEVEL CHECK ..................................................... 9
CHECKING RADIATOR SYSTEM FOR LEAKS ..... 9
Changing Engine Coolant ........................................ 9
DRAINING ENGINE COOLANT ........................... 9
REFILLING ENGINE COOLANT ........................ 10
FLUSHING COOLING SYSTEM ......................... 10
RADIATOR .................................................................11
Removal and Installation ......................................... 11
REMOVAL ............................................................ 11
INSTALLATION .................................................... 11
Disassembly and Assembly Radiator Fan ............. 12
DISASSEMBLY ................................................... 12
ASSEMBLY ......................................................... 12
Checking Radiator Cap .......................................... 12
Checking Radiator .................................................. 13
RADIATOR (ALUMINUM TYPE) .............................. 14
Disassembly and Assembly ................................... 14
PREPARATION ................................................... 14
DISASSEMBLY ................................................... 14
ASSEMBLY ......................................................... 15
INSPECTION ...................................................... 17WATER PUMP .......................................................... 18
Removal and Installation ........................................ 18
REMOVAL ........................................................... 18
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL ....................... 19
INSTALLATION ................................................... 19
INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION ................ 19
THERMOSTAT AND WATER CONTROL VALVE .... 20
Removal and Installation ........................................ 20
REMOVAL ........................................................... 20
INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL ....................... 21
INSTALLATION ................................................
... 21
SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS (SDS) ...... 22
Standard and Limit .................................................. 22
CAPACITY ........................................................... 22
THERMOSTAT .................................................... 22
WATER CONTROL VALVE ................................. 22
RADIATOR ....................................................... ... 22
Tightening Torque ................................................... 22
YD22DDTi
PRECAUTIONS ........................................................ 23
Precautions For Liquid Gasket ............................... 23
REMOVAL OF LIQUID GASKET ......................... 23
LIQUID GASKET APPLICATION PROCEDURE ... 23
PREPARATION ......................................................... 24
Special Service Tools ............................................. 24
OVERHEATING CAUSE ANALYSIS ........................ 25
Troubleshooting Chart ............................................ 25
COOLING SYSTEM .................................................. 27
Cooling Circuit ........................................................ 27
System Drawing ..................................................... 28
ENGINE COOLANT .................................................. 29
Inspection ............................................................... 29
LEVEL CHECK .................................................... 29
CHECKING RADIATOR SYSTEM FOR LEAKS ... 29
Changing Engine Coolant ....................................... 29
DRAINING ENGINE COOLANT .......................... 29
REFILLING ENGINE COOLANT ......................... 30
FLUSHING COOLING SYSTEM ......................... 31

PRECAUTIONS
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[QR]PRECAUTIONSPFP:00001
Precautions For Liquid GasketEBS00MRX
REMOVAL OF LIQUID GASKET
●After removing the mounting bolts and nuts, separate the mating
surface using a seal cutter and remove the old liquid gasket
sealing.
CAUTION:
Be careful not to damage the mating surfaces.
●In areas where the cutter is difficult to use, use a plastic hammer
to lightly tap the areas where the liquid gasket is applied.
CAUTION:
If for some unavoidable reason a tool such as a flat-blade
screwdriver is used, be careful not to damage the mating
surfaces.
LIQUID GASKET APPLICATION PROCEDURE
1. Using a scraper, remove the old liquid gasket adhering to the liq-
uid gasket application surface and the mating surface.
●Remove the liquid gasket completely from the groove of the
liquid gasket application surface, mounting bolts and bolt
holes.
2. Wipe the liquid gasket application surface and the mating sur-
face with white gasoline (lighting and heating use) to remove
adhering moisture, grease and foreign materials.
3. Attach the liquid gasket to the tube presser.
Use Genuine Liquid Gasket or equivalent.
4. Apply the liquid gasket without breaks to the specified location
with the specified dimensions.
●If there is a groove for the liquid gasket application, apply the
liquid gasket to the groove.
●As for the bolt holes, normally apply the liquid gasket inside
the holes. If specified, it should be applied outside the holes.
Make sure to read the instruction in this manual.
●Within five minutes of liquid gasket application, install the mat-
ing component.
●If the liquid gasket protrudes, wipe it off immediately.
●Do not retighten after the installation.
●After 30 minutes or more have passed from the installation, fill
the engine oil and engine coolant.
CAUTION:
If there are instructions in this manual, observe them.
PBIC0275E
PBIC0003E
EMA0622D
SEM159F

OVERHEATING CAUSE ANALYSIS
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OVERHEATING CAUSE ANALYSISPFP:00012
Troubleshooting ChartEBS00KOD
Symptom Check items
Cooling sys-
tem parts
malfunctionPoor heat transferWater pump malfunction Worn or loose drive belt
— Thermostat stuck closed —
Damaged finsDust contamination or
paper clogging
Physical damage
Clogged radiator cooling
tubeExcess foreign material
(rust, dirt, sand, etc.)
Reduced air flowCooling fan does not oper-
ate
Fan assembly — High resistance to fan rota-
tion
Damaged fan blades
Damaged radiator shroud — — —
Improper engine coolant
mixture ratio—— —
Poor engine coolant quality — Engine coolant viscosity —
Insufficient engine coolantEngine coolant leaksCooling hoseLoose clamp
Cracked hose
Water pump Poor sealing
Radiator capLoose
Poor sealing
RadiatorO-ring for damage, deterio-
ration or improper fitting
Cracked radiator tank
Cracked radiator core
Reservoir tank Cracked reservoir tank
Overflowing reservoir tankExhaust gas leaks into
cooling systemCylinder head deterioration
Cylinder head gasket dete-
rioration

ENGINE COOLANT
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ENGINE COOLANTPFP:KQ100
InspectionEBS00KOG
LEVEL CHECK
●Check if the reservoir tank engine coolant level within MIN to
MAX when engine is cool.
●Adjust engine coolant if too much or too little.
CHECKING RADIATOR SYSTEM FOR LEAKS
To check for leakage, apply pressure to the cooling system with a
tester.
WARNING:
Never remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Serious
burns could occur from high pressure engine coolant escaping
from the radiator.
CAUTION:
Higher pressure than specified may cause radiator damage.
Changing Engine CoolantEBS00KOH
WARNING:
●To avoid being scalded, never change the engine coolant when the engine is hot.
●Wrap a thick cloth around cap and carefully remove the cap. First, turn the cap a quarter of a turn
to release built-up pressure. Then turn the cap all the way.
DRAINING ENGINE COOLANT
1. Open radiator drain plug at the bottom of radiator, and remove
radiator cap.
●Be careful not to allow engine coolant to contact drive belts.
2. Open drain plug on cylinder block.
3. Remove reservoir tank and drain engine coolant.
4. Check drained engine coolant for contaminants such as rust,
corrosion or discoloration.
If contaminated, flush engine cooling system. Refer to CO-10,
"FLUSHING COOLING SYSTEM" .
SMA412B
Testing pressure:
157 kPa (1.57 bar, 1.6 kg/cm
2 , 23 psi)
SLC134B
PBIC0236E
KBIA0163E

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ENGINE COOLANT
REFILLING ENGINE COOLANT
1. Install reservoir tank, radiator drain plug and cylinder block drain plug.
●Apply sealant to the thread of cylinder block drain plug.
Use Genuine Liquid Gasket or equivalent.
2. Fill radiator and reservoir tank to specified level.
●Use genuine Nissan engine coolant or equivalent in its
quality. Refer to MA-16, "
RECOMMENDED FLUIDS AND
LUBRICANTS" .
●Pour engine coolant slowly of less than 2 (1-3/4 lmp qt)
a minute to allow air in system to escape.
3. Warm up engine to normal operating temperature without radia-
tor cap installed.
●If engine coolant overflows radiator filler hole, install
radiator cap.
4. Run engine at 3,000 rpm for 10 seconds and return to idle speed
with radiator cap installed.
●Repeat two or three times.
Watch engine coolant temperature gauge so as not to overheat the engine.
5. Stop engine and cool down to less than approximately 50°C(122°F).
●Cool down using a fan to reduce the time.
●If necessary, refill radiator up to filler neck with engine coolant.
6. Refill reservoir tank to MAX level line with engine coolant.
7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 two or more times with radiator cap installed until engine coolant level no longer
drops.
8. Check cooling system for leaks with engine running.
9. Warm up engine, and check for sound of engine coolant flow while running engine from idle up to 3,000
rpm with heater temperature controller set at several position between COOL and WARM.
●Sound may be noticeable at heater unit.
10. If sound is heard, bleed air from cooling system by repeating steps 4 through 6 until engine coolant level
no longer drops.
●Clean excess engine coolant from engine.
FLUSHING COOLING SYSTEM
1. Fill radiator and reservoir tank with water and reinstall radiator cap.
2. Run engine and warm it up to normal operating temperature.
3. Rev engine two or three times under no-load.
4. Stop engine and wait until it cools down.
5. Drain water.
6. Repeat steps 1 through 5 until clear water begins to drain from radiator. Cylinder block drain plug:
: 7.8 - 11.8 N·m (0.8 -1.2 kg-m , 69 - 104 in-lb)
Engine coolant capacity (With reservoir tank):

Approx. 7.1 (6-1/4 Imp qt)
SMA182B
Reservoir tank: 0.6 (1/2 lmp qt)
SMA412B

RADIATOR
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RADIATORPFP:21400
Removal and InstallationEBS00KOI
WARNING:
Never remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Serious burns could occur from high pressure
engine coolant escaping from the radiator. Wrap a thick cloth around the cap. Slowly turn it a quarter
turn to allow built-up pressure to escape. Carefully remove the cap by turning it all the way.
REMOVAL
1. Drain engine coolant. Refer to CO-9, "DRAINING ENGINE COOLANT" .
2. Remove air duct with air cleaner assembly.
3. Remove A/T oil cooler hose.
●Install blind plug to avoid leakage of A/T fluid.
4. Disconnect radiator upper hose, lower hose and mounting bracket.
5. Remove radiator and radiator fan assembly
CAUTION:
Do not damage or scratch radiator core when removing.
INSTALLATION
●Reinstall any parts removed in reverse order of removal.
●Check for engine coolant leaks. Refer to CO-9, "CHECKING RADIATOR SYSTEM FOR LEAKS" .
PBIC0237E
1. Radiator 2. Bracket 3. Mounting rubber
4. A/T oil cooler hose 5. Radiator hose (lower) 6. Radiator fan assembly
7. Reservoir tank 8. Radiator hose (upper) 9. Radiator cap

RADIATOR
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●Check radiator cap relief pressure.
●When connecting the radiator cap to the tester, apply engine
coolant to the cap seal part.
●Replace the radiator cap if there is an unusualness in the nega-
tive-pressure valve, or if the open-valve pressure is outside of
the standard values.
Checking RadiatorEBS00KOL
Check radiator for mud or clogging. If necessary, clean radiator as follows.
●Be careful not to bend or damage the radiator fins.
●When radiator is cleaned without removal, remove all surrounding parts such as cooling fan, radiator
shroud and horns. Then tape the harness and connectors to prevent water from entering.
1. Apply water by hose to the back side of the radiator core vertically downwards.
2. Apply water again to all radiator core surface once per minute.
3. Stop washing if any stains no longer flow out from the radiator.
4. Blow air into the back side of radiator core vertically downwards.
●Use compressed air lower than 490 kPa (4.9 bar, 5 kg/cm2 , 71psi) and keep distance more than 30 cm
(11.8 in).
5. Blow air again into all the radiator core surface once per minute until no water sprays out. Standard:
78 - 98 kPa (0.78 - 0.98 bar, 0.8 - 1.0 kg/cm
2 , 11 - 14 psi)
Limit:
59 kPa (0.59 bar, 0.6 kg/cm
2 , 9 psi)
SLC135B

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WATER PUMP
WATE R P U M P
PFP:21020
Removal and InstallationEBS00KON
WARNING:
Never remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Serious burns could occur from high pressure
engine coolant escaping from the radiator.
REMOVAL
Water Pump Removal
1. Drain engine coolant. Refer to CO-9, "DRAINING ENGINE COOLANT" .
CAUTION:
Perform when the engine is cold.
2. Remove the following parts.
●Engine undercover
●Alternator, water pump and air compressor belt. Refer to EM-12, "DRIVE BELTS" .
3. Remove water pump.
●Engine coolant will leak from the cylinder block, so have a receptacle ready below.
CAUTION:
●Handle the water pump vane so that it does not contact any other parts.
●Water pump cannot be disassembled and should be replaced as a unit.
Water Pump Housing Removal
1. Perform step 1 and 2 of “Water Pump Removal”.
2. Remove alternator.
3. Remove oil level gauge.
CAUTION:
Plug the oil level gauge guide opening to prevent oil pan from entering foreign materials.
4. Remove bolts mounting water pipe.
5. Remove water pump housing.
Water Pipe Removal
1. Remove water pump housing.
2. Remove exhaust manifold and three way catalyst assembly. Refer to EM-24, "
EXHAUST MANIFOLD
AND THREE WAY CATALYST" .
KBIA0154E
1. Water pump 2. Gasket 3. Water pump housing
4. Water pipe