1997 SSANGYONG KORANDO coolant level

GENERAL INFORMATION 0B -- 13
D AEW OO M Y_2000
OWNER INSPECTIONS AND SERVICES
WHILE OPERATING THE VEHICLE
Horn Operation
Blow the horn occasionally to make sure it works. Check
all the button locations.
Brake System Operation
Be alert for abnormal sounds, increased brake pedal
travel or repeated puling to one side when braking. Also,
if the brake warning light goes on, or flashes, something
may be wrong with part of the brake system.
Exhaust System Operation
Be alert to any changes inthe sound of the system or
the smell of the fumes. These are signs that the system
may be leaking or overheating. Have the system in-
spected and repaired immediately.
Tires, Wheels and Alignment Operation
Be alert to any vibration of the steering wheel or the
seats at normal highway speeds. This may mean a
wheel needs to be balanced. Also, a pull right or left on a
straight, level road may show the need for a tire pres-
sure adjustment or a wheel alignment.
Steering System Operation
Be alert to changes in the steering action. An inspection
is needed when the steering wheel is hard to turn or has
too much free play, or is unusual sounds are noticed
when turning or parking.
Headlight Aim
Take note of the light pattern occasionally. Adjust the
headlights if the beams seem improperly aimed.
AT EACH FUEL FILL
A fluid loss in any (except windshield washer) system
may indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and
repaired immediately.
Engine Oil Level
Check the oil level and add oil if necessary. The best
time to check the engine oil level is when the oil is warm.
1. After stopping the engine, wait a few minutes for the
oil to drain back to the oil pan.
2. Pull out the oil level indicator (dip stick).
3. Wipe it clean, and push the oil level indicator back
down all the way.
4. Pull out the oil level indicator and look at the oil level
on it.
5. Add oil, if needed, to keep the oil level above the low-
er mark. Avoid overfilling theengine, since this may
cause engine damage.
6. Push the indicator all the way back down into the en-
gine after taking the reading.If you check the oil level when the oil is cold, do not run
the engine first. The cold oil will not drain back to the pan
fast enough to give a true oil level reading.
Engine Coolant Level and Condition
Check the coolant level in the coolant reservoir tank and
add coolant if necessary. Inspect the coolant. Replace
dirty or rusty coolant.
Windshield Washer Fluid Level
Check the washer fluid level in the reservoir. Add fluid if
necessary.
AT LEAST TWICE A MONTH
Tire And Wheel Inspection and Pressure
Check
Check the tire for abnormal wear or damage. Also check
for damaged wheels. Check the tire pressure when the
tires are cold ( check the spare also, unless it is a stow-
away). Maintain the recommended pressures. Refer to
“Tire and Wheel” is in section 0B.
AT LEAST MONTHLY
Light Operation
Check the operation of the license plate light, the head-
lights (including the high beams), the parking lights, the
fog lights, the taillight, the brake lights, the turn signals,
the backup lights and the hazard warning flasher.
Fluid Leak Check
Periodically inspect the surface beneath the vehicle for
water, oil, fuel or other fluids, after the vehicle has been
parked for a while. Water dripping from the air condition-
ing system after use is normal. If you notice fuel leaks or
fumes, find the cause and correct it at once.
AT LEAST TWICE A YEAR
Power Steering System Reservoir Level
Check the power steering fluid level. Keep the power
steering fluid at the proper level. Refer to Section 6A,
Power Steering System.
Brake Master Cylinder Reservoir Level
Check the fluid and keep it at the proper level. A low fluid
level can indicate worn disc brake pads which may need
to be serviced. Check the breather hole in the reservoir
cover to be free from dirt and check for an open pas-
sage.
Weather- Strip Lubrication
Apply a thin film silicone grease using a clean cloth.

GENERAL INFORMATION 0B -- 15
D AEW OO M Y_2000
RECOMMENDED FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS
UsageCapacityFluid/Lubricant
Engine Oil
(Change with filter)3.2L DOHC8.2 LQuality class -- API ; SH grade or above
ACEA ; A2 or A3
(Changewithfilter)
2.3L DOHC7.5 L
ACEA;A2orA3
MB sheet ; 229.1
Viscosity -- MB sheet ; 224.1
662LA9.5 LQuality class -- API ; CG grade or above
ACEA ; B2 or B3
MBsheet;22812283661LA8.0 LMBsheet ; 228.1, 228.3,
228.5, 229.1
Viscosity -- MB sheet ; 224.1
Engine Coolant3.2L DOHC11. 3 LALUTEC P-- 78g
2.3L DOHC10.5 L
662LA10.5 -- 11.0 L
661LA9.5 -- 10.0 L
Brake / Clutch FluidApprox. 0.5L level must
be maintained between
MAX&MINlevelDOT -- 3 & SAE J 1703
Power Steering System1.0 LATF DEXRON--II
Parking Brake CableAs requiredGrease
Hood Latch AssemblyAs requiredGrease
Hood and Door Hinges
Fuel Door Hinge
Rear Compartment Lid HingesAs requiredSpray type grease
WeatherstripsAs requiredSilicone grease

GENERAL ENGINE INFORMATION 1A1 -- 11
D AEW OO M Y_2000
Leakage Test
1. Warm the engine up to normal operating tempera-
ture.
2. Disconnect the negative battery cable.
3. Remove the spark plugs.
4. Check the coolant level by opening the coolant
surge tank cap and replenish if insufficient.
5. Open the engine oil filler cap.
6. Connect the tester to air pressure line and adjust the
scale of tester.
7. Install the connecting hose to spark plug hole.
8. Position the piston of No.1 cylinder at TDC by rotat-
ing the crankshaft.
9. Connect the connecting hose to tester and measure
the leakage volume after blowing up compressed
air.
Notice:Measure the leakage volume in the completely
opening condition of throttle valve by pulling the accel-
eration cable.
10. Perform the pressure test according to the firing or-
der.
Notice:
FiringOrder:1--5--3--6--2--4
11. Compare the leakage pressure with the specifica-
tions.

M162 ENGINE MECHANICAL 1B1 -- 93
D AEW OO M Y_2000
Removal & Installation Procedure
1. Drain the coolant from the crank case.
2. Remove the each coolant line and hose.
3. Remove the oil filter bolt and then remove the oil filter.
Installation Notice
Tightening Torque
25 NSm (18 lb-ft)
Notice:Replace the oil filter gasket.
4. Installation should follow the removal procedure in
the reverse order.
5. Check engine oil level.
6. Run the engine at idle and check the engine for leaks.

1D1 -- 6 M162 ENGINE COOLING
D AEW OO M Y_2000
6. Remove the de-- aeration hose clamp in the coolant
pump and remove the de-- aeration hose.
7. Fill up the coolant through the coolant reservoir
tank.
Notice
DMatchtheanti--freezeandthewaterratioto50:50.
DSupplement the coolant until the coolant overflows to
the deaeration hose.
8. Insert the de--aeration hose and completely tighten
the clamp.
9. Check the coolant level in the coolant reservoir tank.
10. Warm up(until thermostat is opened) the engine and
recheck the coolant level in the reservoir tank and fill
up the coolant if necessary.

1F1 -- 40 M162 ENGINE CONTROLS
D AEW OO M Y_2000
FUEL SYSTEM
The function of the fuel metering system is to deliver the correct amount of fuel to the engine under all operating condi-
tions. The fuel is delivered to the engine by the individual fuel injectors mounted into the intake manifold near each
cylinder.
The main fuel control sensors are the Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor and the oxygen (O2) sensors.
The MAF sensor monitors the mass flow of the air being drawn into the engine. An electrically heated element is
mounted in the intake air stream, where it is cooled by the flow of incoming air. Engine Control Module (ECM) modu-
lates the flow of heating current to maintain the temperature differential between the heated film and the intake air at a
constant level. The amount of heating current required to maintain the temperature thus provides an index for the
mass air flow. This concept automatically compensates for variations in air density, as this is one of the factors that
determines the amount of warmth that the surrounding air absorbs from the heated element. MAF sensor is located
between the air filter and the throttle valve.
Under high fuel demands, the MAF sensor reads a high mass flow condition, such as wide open throttle. The ECM
uses this information to enrich the mixture, thus increasing the fuel injector on-- time, to provide the correct amount of
fuel. When decelerating, the mass flow decreases. This mass flow change is sensed by the MAF sensor and read by
the ECM, which then decreases the fuel injector on-- time due to the low fuel demand conditions.
The O2 sensors are located in the exhaust pipe before catalytic converter. The O2 sensors indicate to the ECM the
amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas, and the ECM changes the air/fuel ratio to the engine by controlling the fuel
injectors. The best air/fuel ratio to minimize exhaust emissions is 14.7 to 1, which allows the catalytic converter to
operate most efficiently. Because of the constant measuring and adjusting of the air/fuel ratio, the fuel injection system
is called a “closed loop” system.
The ECM uses voltage inputs from several sensors to determine how much fuel to provide to the engine. The fuel is
delivered under one of several conditions, called ‘‘modes”.
Starting Mode
When the ignition is turned ON, the ECM turns the fuel pump relay on for 1 second. The fuel pump then builds fuel
pressure. The ECM also checks the Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor and the Throttle Position (TP) sensor
and determines the proper air/fuel ratio for starting the engine. This ranges from 1.5 to 1 at -- 36°C(--33°F) coolant
temperature to 14.7 to 1 at 94°C (201°F) coolant temperature. The ECM controls the amount of fuel delivered in the
starting mode by changing how long the fuel injector is turned on and off. This is done by ‘‘pulsing” the fuel injectors for
very short times.
Run Mode
The run mode has two conditions called ‘‘open loop” and ‘‘closed loop”.
Open Loop
When the engine is first started and it is above 690 rpm, thesystem goes into “open loop” operation. In “open loop”, the
ECM ignores the signal from the HO2S and calculates the air/fuel ratio based on inputs from the ECT sensor and the
MAF sensor. The ECM stays in “open loop” until the following conditions are met:
DThe O2 has a varying voltage output, showing that it is hot enough to operate properly.
DThe ECT sensor is above a specified temperature (22.5°C).
DA specific amount of time has elapsed after starting the engine.
Closed Loop
The specific values for the above conditions vary with different engines and are stored in the Electronically Erasable
Programmable Read -- Only Memory (EEPROM). When these conditions are met, thesystem goes into “closed loop”
operation. In “closed loop”, the ECM calculates the air/fuel ratio (fuel injector on-- time) based on the signals from the
O2 sensors. This allows the air/fuel ratio to stay very close to 14.7 to 1.
Acceleration Mode
The ECM responds to rapid changes in throttle position and airflow and provides extra fuel.
Deceleration Mode
The ECM responds to changes in throttle position and airflow and reduces the amount of fuel. When deceleration is
very fast, the ECM can cut off fuel completely for short periods of time.

1A2 -- 12 GENERAL ENGINE INFORMATION
D AEW OO M Y_2000
Leakage Test
1. Warm the engine up to normal operating tempera-
ture.
2. Disconnect the negative battery cable.
3. Remove the spark plugs.
4. Check the coolant level by opening the coolant
surge tank cap and replenish if insufficient.
5. Open the engine oil filler cap.
6. Connect the tester to air pressure line and adjust the
scale of tester.
7. Install the connecting hose to spark plug hole.
YAA1A2080
8. Position the piston of No.1 cylinder at TDC by rotat-
ing the crankshaft.
9. Connect the connecting hose to tester and measure
the leakage volume after blowing up compressed
air.
Notice:Measure the leakage volume in the completely
opening condition of throttle valve by pulling the accel-
eration cable.
10. Perform the pressure test according to the firing or-
der.
Notice:Firing Order : 1 -- 3 -- 4 -- 2
11. Compare the leakage pressure with the specifica-
tions.

1D2 -- 6 M161 ENGINE COOLING
D AEW OO M Y_2000
4. After complete draining of the coolant, remove the
hose connector to drain plug and reinstall the drain
plug.
Installation Notice
Tightening Torque
30 NSm (22 lb-ft)
5. Tighten the radiator lower drain cock.
6. Remove the de-- aeration hose clamp in the water
pump and remove the de-- aeration hose.
7. Fill up the coolant through the coolant reservoir
tank.
Notice
DMatchtheanti--freezeandthewaterratioto50:50.
DSupplement the coolant until the coolant overflows to
the deaeration hose.
8. Insert the de--aeration hose and completely tighten
the clamp.
9. Check the coolant level in the coolant reservoir tank.
10. Warm up(until thermostat is opened) the engine and
recheck the coolant level in the reservoir tank and fill
up the coolant if necessary.