1996 SUBARU LEGACY Timing

1. Engine Cooling System
Trouble Possible cause Corrective action
Over-heatinga. Insufficient engine coolantReplenish engine coolant, inspect for leakage, and
repair.
b. Loose timing belt Repair or replace timing belt tensioner.
c. Oil on drive belt Replace.
d. Malfunction of thermostat Replace.
e. Malfunction of engine coolant pump Replace.
f. Clogged engine coolant passage Clean.
g. Improper ignition timingInspect and repair ignition control system.

h. Clogged or leaking radiator Clean or repair, or replace.
i. Improper engine oil in engine coolant Replace engine coolant.
j. Air/fuel mixture ratio too leanInspect and repair fuel injection system.

k. Excessive back pressure in exhaust system Clean or replace.
l. Insufficient clearance between piston and cylinder Adjust or replace.
m. Slipping clutch Repair or replace.
n. Dragging brake Adjust.
o. Improper transmission oil Replace.
p. Defective thermostat Replace.
q. Malfunction of electric fanInspect radiator fan relay, engine coolant temperature
sensor or radiator motor and replace there.
Over-coolinga. Atmospheric temperature extremely low Partly cover radiator front area.
b. Defective thermostat Replace.
Engine coolant
leaks.a. Loosened or damaged connecting units on hoses Repair or replace.
b. Leakage from engine coolant pump Replace.
c. Leakage from engine coolant pipe Repair or replace.
d. Leakage around cylinder head gasket Retighten cylinder head bolts or replace gasket.
e. Damaged or cracked cylinder head and crankcase Repair or replace.
f. Damaged or cracked thermostat case Repair or replace.
g. Leakage from radiator Repair or replace.
Noisea. Defective drive belt Replace.
b. Defective radiator fan Replace.
c. Defective engine coolant pump bearing Replace engine coolant pump.
d. Defective engine coolant pump mechanical seal Replace engine coolant pump.
20
2-5DIAGNOSTICS
1. Engine Cooling System

1. Engine Cooling System
Trouble Possible cause Corrective action
Over-heatinga. Insufficient engine coolantReplenish engine coolant, inspect for leakage, and
repair.
b. Loose timing belt Repair or replace timing belt tensioner.
c. Oil on drive belt Replace.
d. Malfunction of thermostat Replace.
e. Malfunction of engine coolant pump Replace.
f. Clogged engine coolant passage Clean.
g. Improper ignition timingInspect and repair ignition control system.

h. Clogged or leaking radiator Clean or repair, or replace.
i. Improper engine oil in engine coolant Replace engine coolant.
j. Air/fuel mixture ratio too leanInspect and repair fuel injection system.

k. Excessive back pressure in exhaust system Clean or replace.
l. Insufficient clearance between piston and cylinder Adjust or replace.
m. Slipping clutch Repair or replace.
n. Dragging brake Adjust.
o. Improper transmission oil Replace.
p. Defective thermostat Replace.
q. Malfunction of electric fanInspect radiator fan relay, engine coolant temperature
sensor or radiator motor and replace there.
Over-coolinga. Atmospheric temperature extremely low Partly cover radiator front area.
b. Defective thermostat Replace.
Engine coolant
leaks.a. Loosened or damaged connecting units on hoses Repair or replace.
b. Leakage from engine coolant pump Replace.
c. Leakage from engine coolant pipe Repair or replace.
d. Leakage around cylinder head gasket Retighten cylinder head bolts or replace gasket.
e. Damaged or cracked cylinder head and crankcase Repair or replace.
f. Damaged or cracked thermostat case Repair or replace.
g. Leakage from radiator Repair or replace.
Noisea. Defective drive belt Replace.
b. Defective radiator fan Replace.
c. Defective engine coolant pump bearing Replace engine coolant pump.
d. Defective engine coolant pump mechanical seal Replace engine coolant pump.
20
2-5DIAGNOSTICS
1. Engine Cooling System

6. Control Valve Body
The control valve is composed of parts which are accu-
rately machined to a high degree and should be handled
carefully during disassembly and assembly. As these parts
are similar in shape, they should be arranged in neat order
on a table after disassembly so that they can be easily
installed to their original positions. Spring loaded parts
should be also handled carefully, as springs may jump out
of place when the parts are disassembled or removed.
Extreme care should be taken so as not to drop valves on
the floor. Before assembling, the parts and valves should
be dipped in a container filled with the ATF. Make sure that
the valves are clean and free from any foreign material
before assembly. Torque specifications should also be
observed.
G3M0899

1Lock-up control sleeve


2Lock-up control plug


3Lock-up control valve


4Pilot valve


5Pressure regulator valve


6Pressure regulator plug


7Torque converter regulation valve


8Pressure regulator sleeve plug


9Accumulator control sleeve


10Accumulator control plug


11Shuttle duty shift valve


124-2 sequence valve


13Pressure modifier valve


14Shift valve B


154-2 relay valve


16Shift valve A


17Overrunning clutch control valve

18Overrunning clutch reducing valve


19Shuttle shift valve


20Manual valve


21Forward clutch control valve


221st reducing valve


233-2 timing valve


24Servo charger valve


25Pressure regulator spring


26Pressure modifier spring


27Modifier accumulator spring


28Pilot spring


29Accumulator control spring


30Shift B spring


31Shift A spring


32Shuttle shift spring


33Overrunning clutch control spring


344-2 sequence spring

354-2 relay spring


36Servo charger spring


373-2 timing spring


381st reducing spring


39Overrunning clutch reducing spring


40Torque converter regulator spring


41Lock-up control spring


42Shuttle duty shift spring
85
3-2SERVICE PROCEDURE
6. Control Valve Body

Unit: mm (in)
No. Part name Wire dia. Outer dia. Effective turn Free length
25 Pressure regulator spring 1.6 (0.063) 14.0 (0.551) 5.6 31.5 (1.240)
26 Pressure modifier spring 0.8 (0.031) 6.8 (0.268) 10.0 31.95 (1.2579)
27 Modifier accumulator spring 1.3 (0.051) 9.8 (0.386) 8.8 30.5 (1.201)
28 Pilot spring 1.1 (0.043) 9.1 (0.358) 8.3 25.7 (1.012)
29 Accumulator control spring 0.4 (0.016) 6.6 (0.260) 11.0 27.5 (1.083)
30 Shift B spring 0.65 (0.0256) 7.0 (0.276) 9.5 25.0 (0.984)
31 Shift A spring 0.5 (0.020) 7.0 (0.276) 9.5 25.0 (0.984)
32 Shuttle shift spring 0.65 (0.0256) 5.65 (0.2224) 27.6 51.0 (2.008)
33 Overrunning clutch control spring 0.7 (0.028) 6.0 (0.236) 12.0 26.5 (1.043)
34 4-2 sequence spring 0.55 (0.0217) 6.95 (0.2736) 11.0 29.1 (1.146)
35 4-2 relay spring 0.55 (0.0217) 6.95 (0.2736) 11.0 29.1 (1.146)
36 Servo charger spring 0.7 (0.028) 6.7 (0.264) 9.0 23.0 (0.906)
37 3-2 timing spring 0.75 (0.0295) 6.75 (0.2657) 7.5 20.55 (0.8091)
38 1st reducing spring 0.75 (0.0295) 6.75 (0.2657) 12.5 25.4 (1.000)
39 Overrunning clutch reducing spring 1.05 (0.0413) 7.05 (0.2776) 15.21 34.7 (1.366)
40 Torque converter regulator spring 1.3 (0.051) 9.0 (0.354) 11.7 38.0 (1.496)
41 Lock-up control spring 0.75 (0.0295) 13.0 (0.512) 3.5 18.5 (0.728)
42 Shuttle duty shift spring 0.75 (0.0295) 5.65 (0.2224) 27.6 51.0 (2.008)
86
3-2SERVICE PROCEDURE
6. Control Valve Body

G6M0088
2) Carbon fouled
Dry fluffy carbon deposits on insulator and electrode are
mostly caused by slow speed driving in city, weak ignition,
too rich fuel mixture, dirty air cleaner, etc.
It is advisable to replace with plugs having hotter heat
range.
G6M0089
3) Oil fouled
Wet black deposits show excessive oil entrance into com-
bustion chamber through worn rings and pistons or exces-
sive clearance between valve guides and stems. If same
condition remains after repair, use a hotter plug.
G6M0090
4) Overheating
White or light gray insulator with black or gray brown spots
and bluish burnt electrodes indicate engine overheating.
Moreover, the appearance results from incorrect ignition
timing, loose spark plugs, wrong selection of fuel, hotter
range plug, etc. It is advisable to replace with plugs having
colder heat range.
G6M0091
C: CLEANING AND REGAPPING
Clean spark plugs in a sand blast type cleaner.
Avoid excessive blasting. Clean and remove carbon or
oxide deposits, but do not wear away porcelain.
If deposits are too stubborn, discard plugs.
After cleaning spark plugs, recondition firing surface of
electrodes with file. Then correct the spark plug gap using
a gap gauge.
Spark plug gap: L
1.0—1.1 mm (0.039—0.043 in)
D: REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (2500 cc
EXCEPT OUTBACK MODEL)
CAUTION:
All spark plugs installed on an engine, must be of the
same heat range.
Spark plug:
NGK: PFR5B-11
23
6-1SERVICE PROCEDURE
3. Spark Plug

B: AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
1. ELECTRONIC-HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM
The electronic-hydraulic control system consists of various
sensors and switches, a transmission control module
(TCM) and the hydraulic controller including solenoid
valves. The system controls the transmission proper
including shift control, lock-up control, overrunning clutch
control, line pressure control and shift timing control. It also
controls the AWD transfer clutch. In other words, the sys-
tem detects various operating conditions from various input
signals and sends output signals to shift solenoids 1, 2 and
3 and duty solenoids A, B and C (a total of six solenoids).
12
2-7ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS II SYSTEM
1. General

3. CURRENT POWERTRAIN DIAGNOSTIC DATA
(MODE $01)
Refers to data denoting the current operating condition of
analog input/output, digital input/output and/or the power-
train system.
A list of the support data and PID (Parameter Identification)
codes are shown in the following table.
PID DataUnit of measure
01 Number of emission-related powertrain trouble codes and MIL status ON/OFF
03 Fuel system control status—
04 Calculated engine load value%
05 Engine coolant temperature°C
06 Short term fuel trim%
07 Long term fuel trim%
0B Intake manifold absolute pressurekPa
0C Engine revolutionrpm
0D Vehicle speedkm/h
0E Ignition timing advance°
10 Air flow rate from mass air flow sensor g/sec
11 Throttle valve opening angle%
13 Check whether oxygen sensor is installed.—
14 Oxygen sensor output voltage and short term fuel trim associated with oxygen sensor—bank 1 V and %
15 Oxygen sensor output voltage and short term fuel trim associated with oxygen sensor—bank 2 V and %
1C On-board diagnosis system—
NOTE:
Refer to OBD-II general scan tool manufacturer’s instruc-
tion manual to access generic OBD-II PIDs (MODE $01).
4. POWERTRAIN FREEZE FRAME DATA (MODE $02)
Refers to data denoting the operating condition when
trouble is sensed by the on-board diagnosis system.
A list of the support data and PID (Parameter Identification)
codes are shown in the following table.
PID DataUnit of measure
02 Trouble code that caused CARB required freeze frame data storage—
03 Fuel system control status—
04 Calculated engine load value%
05 Engine coolant temperature°C
06 Short term fuel trim%
07 Long term fuel trim%
0B Intake manifold absolute pressurekPa
0C Engine revolutionrpm
0D Vehicle speedkm/h
NOTE:
Refer to OBD-II general scan tool manufacturer’s instruc-
tion manual to access freeze frame data (MODE $02).
30
2-7ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS II SYSTEM
3. Diagnosis System

B2M0754
9. FUNCTION MODE: F02
—VEHICLE SPEED SIGNAL (VSP)—

Vehicle speed is indicated in kilometer per hour (km/h)
and mile per hour (MPH) at the same time.
B2M0478
10. FUNCTION MODE: F03
—ENGINE SPEED SIGNAL (EREV)—
B2M0479
11. FUNCTION MODE: F04
—ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE SIGNAL (TW)
—

Engine coolant temperature is indicated in“°C”and“°F”
at the same time.
B2M0480
12. FUNCTION MODE: F05
—IGNITION SIGNAL (ADVS)—
NOTE:
The ignition timing value displayed in mode F05 is a value
computed by ECM and will not always correspond with the
value measured with a timing light.
B2M0481
13. FUNCTION MODE: F06
—MASS AIR FLOW SIGNAL (QA)—

Mass air flow and voltage input from mass air flow sen-
sor are shown on display at the same time.
40
2-7ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS II SYSTEM
3. Diagnosis System