1996 LAND ROVER DEFENDER Workshop Manual

01INTRODUCTION
4
INFORMATIONREV: 05/99 ACCESSORIES AND CONVERSIONS
DO NOT FITunapproved accessories or conversions,
as they could affect the safety of the vehicle.
Land Rover will not accept liability for death, personal
injury, or damage to property which may occur as a
direct result of the fitting of non-approved conversions
to the vehicle.
WHEELS AND TYRES
WARNING: DO NOT replace the road
wheels with any type other than genuine
Land Rover wheels which are designed for
multi-purpose on and off road use and have very
important relationships with the proper operation
of the suspension system and vehicle handling.
Replacement tyres must be of the make and sizes
recommended for the vehicle, and all tyres must
be the same make, ply rating and tread pattern.
STEAM CLEANING
To prevent consequential rusting, any steam cleaning
within the engine bayMUSTbe followed by careful
re-waxing of the metallic components affected.
Particular attention must be given to the steering
column, engine coolant pipes and hose clips.
SPECIFICATION
The specification details and instructions set out in
this Manual apply only to a range of vehicles and not
to any one. For the specification of a particular vehicle
purchasers should consult their Dealer.
The Manufacturer reserves the right to vary
specifications with or without notice, and at such times
and in such manner as it thinks fit. Major as well as
minor changes may be involved in accordance with
the Manufacturer's policy of constant product
improvement.
Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of
the particulars contained in this Manual, neither the
Manufacturer or Dealer, by whom this Manual is
supplied, shall in any circumstances be held liable for
any inaccuracy or the consequences thereof.SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS
The use of approved special service tools is
important. They are essential if service operations are
to be carried out efficiently, and safely. Where special
tools are specified,only these tools should be used
to avoid the possibility of personal injury or
damage to the components.Also, the amount of
time which they save can be considerable.
Special tools bulletins will be issued periodically giving
details of new tools as they are introduced.
All orders and enquiries from the United Kingdom
should be sent direct to Cartool (UK) Ltd. Overseas
orders should be placed with the local Cartool
distributor, where one exists. Countries where there is
no distributor may order direct from:
Cartool (UK) Ltd.
Unit 3,
Sterling Business Park,
Brackmills,
Northampton,
England, NN4 7EX.
The tools recommended in this Workshop Manual are
listed in an illustrated catalogue, obtainable from:
Land Rover Publications,
Character Mailing,
Heysham Road,
Bootle,
Merseyside, L70 1JL
COPYRIGHT
Ó1999 Rover Group Limited
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted
in any form, electronic, mechanical, recording or other
means without prior written permission of Rover
Group.

INTRODUCTION
5
INFORMATION JACKING
The following instructions must be carried out before
raising the vehicle off the ground.
1.Use a solid level ground surface.
2.Apply parking brake.
3.Select 1st gear in main gearbox.
4.Select Low range in transfer gearbox.
CAUTION: To avoid damage occurring to
the under body components of the vehicle
the following jacking procedures must be
adhered to.
DO NOT POSITION JACKS OR AXLE STANDS
UNDER THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS.
Body structure
Bumpers
Fuel lines
Brake lines
Front radius arms
Panhard rod
Steering linkage
Rear Trailing links
Fuel tank
Engine sump
Gearbox bell housing
Jack or support vehicle by axles only.
Vehicle jack
The jack provided with the vehicle is only intended to
be used in an emergency, for changing a tyre. Do
NOTuse the jack for any other purpose. Refer to
Owner's Manual for vehicle jack location points and
procedure. Never work under a vehicle supported by
the vehicle jack.
Hydraulic jack
A hydraulic jack with a minimum 1500 kg, 3,300 lbs
load capacity must be used, see J6083.
CAUTION: Do not commence work on the
underside of the vehicle until suitable axle
stands have been positioned under the
axle, see J6084.
Raise the front of the vehicle
1.Position cup of hydraulic arm under differential
casing.
NOTE: The differential casing is not
central to the axle. Care should be taken
when raising the front road wheels off the
ground as the rear axle has less sway stiffness.
2.Raise front road wheels to enable an axle stand
to be installed under left hand axle tube.

01INTRODUCTION
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INFORMATION 3.Position an axle stand under right hand axle
tube, carefully lower jack until axle sits securely
on both axle stands, remove trolley jack.
4.Before commencing work on underside of
vehicle re-check security of vehicle on stands.
5.Reverse procedure when removing vehicle from
stands.
Raise rear of vehicle
1.Position cup of hydraulic arm under differential
casing.
2.Raise vehicle to enable axle stands to be
installed under left and right hand axle tubes.
3.Lower jack until axle sits securely on axle
stands, remove trolley jack.
4.Before commencing work on underside of
vehicle re-check security of vehicle on stands.
5.Reverse procedure when removing vehicle from
stands.
HYDRAULIC VEHICLE RAMP (FOUR POST)
Use only a 'drive on' type ramp which supports vehicle
on its road wheels. If a 'wheel-free' condition is
required, use a 'drive on' ramp incorporating a
'wheel-free' system providing support beneath axle
casings. Alternatively, place vehicle on a firm, flat floor
and support on axle stands.
TWO POST VEHICLE RAMPS
The manufacturer of LAND ROVER VEHICLES
DOES NOT recommend using 'Two Post' ramps
that employ four adjustable support arms. These
are NOT considered safe for Land Rover vehicles.
If vehicle is installed on a Two Post ramp
responsibility for safety of vehicle and personnel
performing service operations is in the hands of
the Service Provider.DYNAMOMETER TESTING
The front and rear axles cannot be driven
independently.
WARNING: DO NOT attempt to drive
individual wheels with vehicle supported
on floor jacks or stands.
Four wheel dynamometers
Provided that front and rear dynamometer rollers are
rotating at identical speeds and that normal workshop
safety standards are applied, there is no speed
restriction during testing except any that may apply to
the tyres.
Two wheel dynamometers
IMPORTANT: Use a four wheel dynamometer for
brake testing if possible.
If brake testing on a single axle rig is necessary it
must be carried out with propeller shaft to rear axle
removed, AND neutral selected in BOTH main
gearbox and transfer gearbox. When checking brakes,
run engine at idle speed to maintain servo vacuum.
If checking engine performance, the transfer box must
be in high range and propeller shaft to stationary axle
must be removed.

INTRODUCTION
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INFORMATION TOWING
CAUTION: The vehicle has permanent
four-wheel drive. The following towing
instructions must be adhered to:
Towing the vehicle on all four wheels with driver
operating steering and brakes.
1.Turn ignition key to position '1' to release
steering lock.
2.Select neutral in main gearbox and transfer
gearbox.
3.Secure tow rope, chain or cable to front towing
eyes (alternative types shown).
4.Release the parking brake.
CAUTION: The brake servo and power
assisted steering system will not be
functional without the engine running.
Greater pedal pressure will be required to apply
the brakes, the steering system will require
greater effort to turn the front road wheels.
The vehicle tow connection should be used only
in normal road conditions, 'snatch' recovery
should be avoided.Rear suspended tow by breakdown vehicle
1.If the front axle is to be trailed turn ignition key to
position '1' to release steering lock.
2.Select neutral in main gearbox and transfer box.
CAUTION: The steering wheel and/or
linkage must be secured in a straight
ahead position. DO NOT use the steering
lock mechanism for this purpose.
TRANSPORTING THE VEHICLE BY TRAILER
Lashing/towing eyes are provided on front and rear of
the chassis side members, see J6085, to facilitate the
securing of the vehicle to a trailer or other means of
transportation.
CAUTION: Underbody components must
not be used as lashing points.
Install vehicle on trailer and apply park brake. Select
neutral in main gearbox.

01INTRODUCTION
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INFORMATION JUMP STARTING
WARNING: Hydrogen and oxygen gases
are produced during normal battery
operation. This gas mixture can explode if
flames, sparks or lighted tobacco are brought
near battery. When charging or using a battery in
an enclosed space, always provide ventilation and
shield your eyes.
Keep out of reach of children. Batteries contain
sulphuric acid. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or
clothing. Also, shield eyes when working near
battery to protect against possible splashing of
acid solution. In case of acid contact with skin,
eyes, or clothing, flush immediately with water for
a minimum of fifteen minutes. If acid is swallowed,
drink large quantities of milk or water, followed by
milk of magnesia, a beaten egg, or vegetable oil.
SEEK MEDICAL AID IMMEDIATELY.
To Jump Start - Negative Ground Battery
WARNING: To avoid any possibility of
injury use particular care when connecting
a booster battery to a discharged battery.
1.Position vehicles so that jump leads will reach,
ensuring that vehiclesDO NOT TOUCH,
alternatively a fully charged slave battery may be
positioned on floor adjacent to vehicle.
2.Ensuring that ignition and all electrical
accessories are switched off, that parking brake
is applied and neutral is selected, connect the
jump leads as follows;
A.Connect one end of first jumper cable to positive
(+) terminal of booster battery.
B.Connect other end of first jumper cable to positive
(+) terminal of discharged battery.
C.Connect one end of second jumper cable to
negative terminal of booster battery.
D.Connect other end of second jumper cable to a
good earth point on the disabled vehicle (eg. engine
front lifting eye, as shown in J6086),NOT TO
NEGATIVE TERMINAL OF DISCHARGED
BATTERY.Keep jumper lead away from moving
parts, pulleys, drive belts and fan blade assembly.
WARNING: Making final cable connection
could cause an electrical arc which if
made near battery could cause an
explosion.
3.If booster battery is installed in another vehicle,
start engine and allow to idle.
4.Start engine of vehicle with discharged battery,
following starting procedure in Owners' Manual.
CAUTION: If vehicle fails to start within a
maximum time of 12 seconds, switch
ignition off and investigate cause. Failing
to follow this instruction could result in
irrepairable damage to catalyst, if fitted.
5.Remove negative (-) jumper cable from the
engine and then terminal of booster battery.
6.Remove positive (+) jumper cable from positive
terminals of booster battery and discharged
battery.

INTRODUCTION
9
INFORMATION ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED IN THIS
MANUAL
Across flats (bolt size) AF............................................
After bottom dead centre ABDC...................................
After top dead centre ATDC.........................................
Alternating current a.c..................................................
Ampere amp................................................................
Ampere hour amp hr....................................................
Before bottom dead centre BBDC................................
Before top dead centre BTDC......................................
Bottom dead centre BDC.............................................
Brake horse power bhp................................................
British Standards BS....................................................
Carbon monoxide CO..................................................
Centimetre cm.............................................................
Centigrade (Celsius) C................................................
Cubic centimetre cm
3...................................................
Cubic inch in3...............................................................
Degree (angle) deg or° ...............................................
Degree (temperature) deg or° .....................................
Diameter dia................................................................
Direct current d.c..........................................................
Electronic Control Unit ECU........................................
Fahrenheit F.................................................................
Feet ft...........................................................................
Feet per minute ft/min..................................................
Fifth 5th........................................................................
First 1st........................................................................
Fluid ounce fl oz..........................................................
Foot pounds (torque) lbf ft............................................
Fourth 4th.....................................................................
Gramme (force) gf........................................................
Gramme (mass) g........................................................
Gallons gal...................................................................
High tension (electrical) H.T.........................................
Internal diameter I.D....................................................
Inches of mercury in. Hg..............................................
Inches in......................................................................
Kilogramme (force) kgf.................................................
Kilogramme (mass.) kg................................................
Kilogramme centimetre (torque) kgf.cm.......................
Kilogramme per square millimetre kgf/mm
2.................
Kilogramme per square centimetre kgf/cm2.................
Kilogramme metres (torque) kgf.m..............................
Kilometres km..............................................................
Kilometres per hour km/h.............................................
Kilovolts kV...................................................................
Left-hand LH................................................................
Left-hand steering LHStg.............................................
Left-hand thread LHThd...............................................
Litres litre.....................................................................Low tension l.t..............................................................
Maximum max.............................................................
Metre m........................................................................
Millilitre ml....................................................................
Millimetre mm...............................................................
Miles per gallon mpg....................................................
Miles per hour mph......................................................
Minute (angle) '............................................................
Minus (of tolerance) -...................................................
Negative (electrical) -...................................................
Newton metres (torque) Nm........................................
Number No..................................................................
Ohms ohm...................................................................
Ounces (force) ozf.......................................................
Ounces (mass) oz........................................................
Ounce inch (torque) ozf.in...........................................
Outside diameter O.D..................................................
Part number Part No....................................................
Percentage %...............................................................
Pints pt.........................................................................
Plus (tolerance) +.........................................................
Positive (electrical) +....................................................
Pound (force) lbf..........................................................
Pounds inch (torque) in.lbf...........................................
Pound (mass) lb...........................................................
Pounds per square inch P.S.I......................................
Ratio :...........................................................................
Reference ref...............................................................
Revolution per minute rev/min.....................................
Right-hand RH.............................................................
Second (angle) "...........................................................
Second (numerical order) 2nd......................................
Specific gravity sp.gr....................................................
Square centimetres cm
2...............................................
Square inches in2.........................................................
Standard wire gauge s.w.g..........................................
Synchroniser/Synchromesh synchro...........................
Third 3rd.......................................................................
Top dead centre TDC..................................................
United Kingdom UK......................................................
Vehicle Identification Number VIN...............................
Volts V.........................................................................
Watts W.......................................................................
SCREW THREADS
British Standard Pipe BSP...........................................
Unified Coarse UNC....................................................
Unified Fine UNF.........................................................

01INTRODUCTION
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INFORMATION CROSS REFERENCE OF EMISSION SYSTEM
TERMINOLOGY
NEW TERM (ACRONYM)
Accelerator pedal (AP).................................................
Air cleaner (ACL)..........................................................
Air conditioning (AC)....................................................
Battery positive voltage (B+)........................................
Closed loop (CL)..........................................................
Closed throttle position (CTP)......................................
Canister purge valve (CANPV)....................................
Data link connector (DLC)...........................................
Diagnostic trouble code (DTC).....................................
Distributor ignition (DI).................................................
Engine control module (ECM)......................................
Engine coolant level (ECL)...........................................
Engine coolant temperature (ECT)..............................
Engine coolant temperature sensor (ECTS)................
Engine speed (RPM)....................................................
Evaporative emission system (EVAP)..........................
Engine fuel temperature sensor (EFTS)......................
4th gear, 3rd gear etc. (4GR, 3GR)..............................
Fuel pump (FP)............................................................
Fan control module (FCM)...........................................
Generator (GEN)..........................................................
Ground (GND)..............................................................
Heated oxygen sensor (H02S)....................................
Idle air control (IAC)......................................................
Idle air control valve (IACV).........................................
Ignition control module (ICM).......................................
Intake air temperature (IAT).........................................
Manifold vacuum zone (MVZ)......................................
Mass air flow sensor (MAFS).......................................
Open loop (OL)............................................................
Relay module (RM)......................................................
Solid state relay module (SSRM).................................
Three way catalytic converter (TWC)..........................
Throttle body (TB)........................................................
Throttle position sensor (TPS)......................................
Transmission range (TR)..............................................
Wide open throttle (WOT)............................................OLD TERM (ACRONYM)
Throttle pedal (-)..........................................................
Air cleaner (-)...............................................................
Air conditioning (AC)....................................................
Battery plus, bat +, bat feed (B+).................................
Closed loop (-).............................................................
Closed throttle, idle position (-)....................................
Charcoal canister purge valve (-).................................
Serial link (-)................................................................
Fault code (-)...............................................................
Electronic ignition (-)....................................................
Electronic control unit (ECU)........................................
Coolant level (-)...........................................................
Coolant temperature (temp).........................................
Coolant temperature thermistor (-)..............................
Engine speed (rev/min)................................................
Evaporative loss system (ELC)...................................
Fuel temperature thermistor (-)....................................
Fourth gear, 3rd gear (-)..............................................
Fuel pump (-)...............................................................
Condenser fan timer (-)................................................
Alternator (-)................................................................
Ground, earth (B-)........................................................
Lambda (02) sensor (-)................................................
Idle speed control (ISC)................................................
Stepper motor (-).........................................................
Ignition module (-)........................................................
Intake temperature/ambient temperature (-)................
Manifold depression, vacuum (-).................................
Air flow meter (-)..........................................................
Fault code display unit (-)............................................
Open loop (-)...............................................................
Relay (-).......................................................................
Control unit (-)..............................................................
Catalyst, catalytic converter (CAT)..............................
Throttle housing (-)......................................................
Transmission gear (-)...................................................
Full throttle, wide open throttle (WOT).........................

INTRODUCTION
11
INFORMATION VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN)
The Vehicle Identification Number and the
recommended maximum vehicle weights are stamped
on a plate riveted to the brake pedal box in the engine
compartment. The VIN is also stamped on a plate
visible through the LH side of the windscreen, see
J6088.
A.Type approval
B.Identification
C.Maximum permitted laden weight for vehicle
D.Maximum vehicle and trailer weight
E.Maximum road weight-front axle
F.Maximum road weight-rear axle
The number is also stamped on the RH side of the
chassis to the rear of the front lashing eye, see J6089.
The Vehicle Identification Number identifies the
manufacturer, model range, wheel base, body type,
engine, steering, transmission, model year and place
of manufacture. The following example shows the
coding process.
SALLDHMF7TA
SAL= World manufacturer identifier
LD= Land Rover Defender
H= 110 inch,V= 90inch,K= 130 inch
M= 4 door Station Wagon,A= 90 Soft Top, Hard Top,
Pick-up,B= 2 door Station Wagon,E= 2 door 130
Crew cab,F= 4 door 130 Crew cab,H= 130 High
Capacity Pick-up
F= 2.5L (300Tdi)
7= RH drive, 5 speed manaul,8= LH drive, 5 speed
manual
T= 1996 MY, volume build,N= 1996 MY, non-volume
build
A= Solihull build,F= CKD, assembled locally from kit