2016 VOLVO XC90 T8 steering

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
338
Driving lane assistance
The
Lane Departure Warning (LDW) and Lane
Keeping Aid (LKA) * functions are designed to
help reduce the risk of accidents in situations where the vehicle unintentionally leaves its laneon highways or other major roads.
Driving lane assistance systems: LDW
or LKA
There are two versions of the driving lane assis- tance system:
• LDW (
Lane Departure Warning): provides
an audible signal or vibrations in the steering wheel.
• LKA (
Lane Keeping Aid): actively steers the
vehicle to help keep it in its traffic lane and/or alerts the driver using an audible sig-nal or through vibrations in the steeringwheel.
The driving lane assistance systems are active at speeds from approx. 40 mph (65 km/h) up to thevehicle's permitted top speed on roads withclearly visible traffic lane marker lines. On narrow roads, the systems may not function and will go into standby mode. They will return toactive mode if the road becomes sufficientlywide.
A camera monitors the road/traffic lane's marker lines
Both LDW and LKA provide vibrations in the steering wheel 6
LKA attempts to steer the vehicle back into its lane
Depending on the version and settings used, driving lane assistance functions in differentways:
• If the system is activated (either LDW or LKA): if the driver does not react and thevehicle is moving out of its traffic lane, anaudible signal and/or vibrations in the steer-ing wheel will be provided.
• If the system is activated (LKA only): whenthe vehicle approaches a traffic lane markerline, LKA will provide active steering assis-tance to help steer it back into the lane.
6
The level of vibrations varies; the longer the vehicle is over a lane marker line, the greater the number of vibrations:

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.339
NOTE
If the turn signal is used, neither of the driving lane assistance systems (LDW or LKA) willprovide an alert or steering assistance.
WARNING
This feature is only intended to assist the driver and does not function in all driving,weather, traffic or road conditions. As the driver, you have full responsibility for operating the vehicle in a safe manner.
Steering assistance (LKA only)In order for LKA's steering assistance to function, the driver's hands must be on the steering wheel,which the system monitors continuously.
If this is not the case, this sym-bol will illuminate in the instru- ment panel and
Lane Keeping
Aid Apply steering will appear
to alert the driver to actively steer the vehicle.
If the driver does not take action, an audible sig- nal will sound and LKA will go into standby mode.The function will not become available again untilthe driver actively steers the vehicle.
Dynamic cornering
The traffic lane assistance systems do not intervene in sharp curves
In certain cases, such as during active driving or if the turn signal is used, neither of the traffic lanesystems will react if the vehicle crosses a lanemarker line.
LimitationsIn certain demanding driving situations, the driv-ing lane assistance functions may not be able toassist the driver. In these situations, it may beadvisable to turn the function off. Examples of these situations: • road construction
• poor road surfaces
• edges or lines other than the lane's marker lines
• a very active driving style •
winter driving conditions
• bad weather with reduced visibility
The driving lane assistance function use the vehi- cle's camera, which has general limitations. Seethe article "Camera limitations."
Related information
• Activating/deactivating Lane Departure Warning (LDW) (p. 340)
• Activating/deactivating Lane Keeping Aid (LKA)
* (p. 340)
• Camera limitations (p. 254)

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
340
Activating/deactivating Lane Departure Warning (LDW)
LDW can be activated/deactivated.
Activating/deactivating
The function can be activated/deactivated in the center display's Function view.
–Tap the Lane Departure Warning button.
> LDW is activated (GREEN indicator light in the button), or is deactivated (GRAY indicator light in the button).
Type of warningChoose the type of warning that the driver willreceive if the vehicle starts to leave its drivinglane. 1. Tap
Settings in the center display's Top
view.
2. Tap
My CarIntelliSafeLane
Departure Warning. 3.
Under
Lane Departure Warning feedback,
select: •
Sound: an audible warning signal will be
provided
•
Vibrations: the driver will be warned by
vibrations in the steering wheel
Related information
• Driving lane assistance (p. 338)
Activating/deactivating Lane Keeping Aid (LKA)
*
LKA can be activated/deactivated.
Activating/deactivating
The function can be activated/deactivated in the center display's Function view.
–Tap Lane Keeping Aid.
> LKA is activated (GREEN indicator light in the button), or is deactivated (GRAY indi- cator light in the button).
Type of warningChoose the type of warning that the driver willreceive if the vehicle starts to leave its drivinglane. 1. Tap
Settings in the center display's Top
view.
2. Tap
My CarIntelliSafeLane Keeping
Aid.

DRIVER SUPPORT
341
3.
Under
Lane Keeping Aid Warning
Feedback, select:
•
Sound: an audible warning signal will be
provided
•
Vibrations: the driver will be warned by
vibrations in the steering wheel
Type of assistanceSelect the type of assistance LKA should provide: 1. Tap
Settings in the center display's Top
view.
2. Tap
My CarIntelliSafeLane Keeping
Aid.
3. Under
Lane Keeping Aid Assistance
Mode, select:
•
Steering: the system will provide steering
assistance but no warning.
•
Both: the system will provide steering
assistance and warning
•
Warning: the system will provide warning
but no steering assistance
Related information
• Driving lane assistance (p. 338)

DRIVER SUPPORT
342
Driving lane assistance symbols and messages
A number of symbols and messages relating to Lane Keeping Aid (LKA) and Lane DepartureWarning (LDW) may appear in the instrumentpanel.
Symbols in the instrument panelThe driving lane assistance systems use a symbol in theinstrument panel in differentsituations.
Several examples of the symbol's appearance will be given here:
Available
When the driving lane assistance systems are available,
the marker lines in the symbol will be white
LDW/LKA are monitoring the driving lane's marker line(s).
Not available
When the driving lane assistance systems are not avail-
able, the marker lines in the symbol will be gray
This is because LDW/LKA cannot monitor (detect) the driving lane's marker line(s) or thevehicle's speed is too low or the road is too nar-row.
Steering/warning indicator
Steering/warning: the side marker lines in the symbol will be colored
LDW/LKA alerts the driver that the vehicle is leaving its lane. LKA attempts to steer the vehicleback into the lane. LKA also indicates if the sys-tem is attempting to steer the vehicle back intoits lane.

DRIVER SUPPORT
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.343
Symbols and messages
SymbolMessageExplanation
Driver support system Reduced functionality Service requiredThe system is not functioning properly. Contact a trained and qualified Volvo service techni- cian.
Windscreen sensor Sensor blocked, see Owner's manualThe camera's functionality is limited.
Lane Keeping Aid Apply steeringLKA's steering assistance does not function if the driver's hands are not on the steering wheel. Steer the vehicle actively.
Related information
•Driving lane assistance (p. 338)
• Activating/deactivating Lane Departure Warning (LDW) (p. 340)
• Activating/deactivating Lane Keeping Aid (LKA)
* (p. 340)

STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory, for more information, see Introduction.
346
Starting and driving
The vehicle is equipped with an automatic trans- mission that also makes it possible to shift gearsmanually. Certain functions can also be used when the engine is not running, depending on the ignitionmode being used.
Related information
• Starting the engine (p. 372)
• Ignition modes (p. 370)
• Automatic transmission (p. 395)
• Opening/closing the fuel filler door (p. 363)
• Parking brake (p. 352)
Brakes The brake system is a hydraulic system consist- ing of two separate brake circuits. If a problemshould occur in one of these circuits, it is stillpossible to stop the vehicle with the other brakecircuit.
Brake systemIf one of the brake circuits is not functioning, more pressure will be needed on the brake pedal(and the pedal will go down farther) for normalbraking effect. If the brake pedal must be depressed farther than normal and requires greater foot pressure,the stopping distance will be longer. Pressure on the brake pedal is enhanced by the power braking function.
WARNING
If vehicle does not have electrical current and both the electric motor and gasoline engineare switched off, the brakes cannot be usedto stop the vehicle.
When the Hill Start Assist function is being used, it will take slightly longer for the brake pedal toreturn to its normal position if the vehicle isparked on an incline or uneven surface. When driving in very hilly areas or if the vehicle is carrying a heavy load, using brake mode B to augment the brakes or the
Off Road* drive mode can also be used to increase the engine braking effect at low speeds.
Anti-lock Braking System
ABS
The ABS system helps to improve vehicle control (stopping and steering) during severe brakingconditions by limiting brake lockup. When ABS is operating, there may be some vibration in the brake pedal, which is normal. The system performs a brief self-diagnostic test when the engine has been started and driverreleases the brake pedal. Another automatic testmay be performed when the vehicle first reachesa speed of approximately 6 mph (10 km/h). Thebrake pedal will pulsate several times and asound may be audible from the ABS controlmodule, which is normal.
Function check when the engine is
started
A Plug-in Hybrid is equipped with a "brake bywire" brake system. A function check is per-formed each time the engine is started and thedriver depresses the brake pedal to move the gear selector from P.
In certain cases, a message may appear in the instrument panel saying that pressure on thebrake pedal is too low. Press harder on the pedal.
Light braking charges the hybrid batteryWhen the brakes are applied lightly, the electricmotor's braking function is used, which converts

||
STARTING AND DRIVING
356
Preconditioning
•If possible, precondition the vehicle with the charging cable before driving.
• Avoid parking the vehicle so that the passen-ger compartment becomes too hot or cold.Park, if possible, in a climate controlled park-ing garage.
• For short drives after using the precondition-ing function, turn off the climate systemblower if possible.
• If preconditioning is not possible in coldweather, use the seat and steering wheelheating primarily. Avoid heating the entirepassenger compartment, which reduces thehybrid battery's charge level.
Driving
•
Choose the Pure drive mode to help mini-
mize electric power consumption.
• Maintain a constant speed and an adequate distance to the vehicle ahead to minimizeuse of the brakes.
• Brake as gently as possible; doing socharges the hybrid battery using the inte-grated regenerative braking function.
• Balance energy requirements using theaccelerator pedal and utilize the gauge onthe instrument panel to see the amount ofpower available from the electric motor. Thishelps avoid starting the gasoline engineunnecessarily. The electric motor is moreenergy-efficient than the gasoline engine,especially at lower speeds. •
In hilly terrain, put the gear selector in mode B
to utilize the electric motor's braking func-
tion when the accelerator pedal is released. This helps charge the hybrid battery.
• Higher speeds increase energy consumptionand the vehicle's wind resistance increasesalong with speed. Do not exceed postedspeed limits.
• Select the
Save drive mode for higher
speeds when driving farther than is possible using the electric motor only.
• Avoid carrying unnecessary items (extra load)in the vehicle.
• Maintain correct tire pressure. Check tirepressure regularly (when the tires are cold).
• Remove snow tires when threat of snow orice has ended.
• Note that roof racks, ski racks, etc, increaseair resistance and also energy consumption.
• Avoid driving with open windows.
Handling and roadholding
•
Vehicle load, tire design and inflation pres-sure all affect vehicle handling. Therefore,check that the tires are inflated to the rec-ommended pressure according to the vehicleload. Loads should be distributed so thatcapacity weight or maximum permissible axleloads are not exceeded.
• At the specified curb weight your vehicle hasa tendency to understeer, which means thatthe steering wheel has to be turned more than might seem appropriate for the curva-ture of a bend. This ensures good stabilityand reduces the risk of rear wheel skid.Remember that these properties can alterwith the vehicle load. The heavier the load inthe cargo compartment, the less the ten-dency to understeer.
Related information
•
Hybrid-related information in the instrumentpanel (p. 130)
• Parking climate (preconditioning) (p. 179)