2013 SSANGYONG NEW ACTYON SPORTS catalytic converter

01-6
3. ENGINE COMPARTMENT LAYOUT
Do not work on the engine compartment while the engine, radiator, exhaust manifold, muffler or
catalytic converter is hot. Always turn the engine off and allow it to cool before starting the
maintenance.
Regularly check the engine oil level and add Ssangyong genuine engine oil if necessary.
Clean the dipstick with clean cloth so that any foreign materials cannot get into the engine. -
-
-
Power steering fluid
reservoirBrake fluid reservoir
Fuse & relay
Engine oil dipstick
gaugeWasher fluid
reservoir cap Engine oil filler cap
Air cleaner
Operating vehicle with insuffi cient amount of oil can damage the engine. Make sure the engine oil
level is correct and add oil if necessary.
Coolant reservoir

14-72412-02
1. OVERVIEW
The low emission vehicle is being sold increasingly in the market as a countermeasure for complying
with the environment regulations such as a special act on Seoul metropolitan air quality improvement
and for reducing the PM (Particulate Material) from the diesel-powered vehicle. For the CDPF system,
the DOC (two-way catalytic converter or catalytic combustion system) fitted to the conventional diesel
engine has the high purification rate for HC or CO but not have a high reduction rate for the PM. For this
reason, a necessity has been raised in order to consider a countermeasure to reduce the PM since the
existing DOC can't meet the regulation, which is getting tighter.
This results in a development of the CDPF (Catalyst & Diesel Particulate Filter) that is combination of the
existing DOC (Diesel Oxydation Catalyst) and DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter). While the DOC converts
the CO and HC into the CO2 and H2O - unharmful to human body - using a oxidation reaction, the DPF
collects the PF (Particulate Material) for regeneration of it. However, each of these devices can only
reduce a part of the exhaust gas. This evoked the necessity of the CDPF with both features. The DOC
capacity is more on the manual transmission than the automatic transmission.
DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter) ▶DOC(Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) ▶
It is called as a oxidation catalyst, which purifies CO and HC in exhaust gas. The three-way catalyst is
used for the gasoline vehicle. But, the diesel engine oxidates CO and HC excepting NOx into H2O and
CO2 in order to purify the exhaust gas since the exhaust gas has a rich oxygen at all times.
It consists of mainly the aluminum and titanium and there is a porous thin film, which emits the exhaust
gas but does not emit the PM in it. It emits the exhaust gas generated during combustion and filters the
PM which is a byproduct of combustion to burn it when a certain amount of it is collected in the filter.
When a certain amount of the PM builds up, exposure to high exhaust gas causes carbon, the
fundamental ingredient in PM, to burn and release into the atmosphere in form of CO2.

14-14
1) Oxidation of DOC
The DOC oxidizes HC and CO of the exhaust gas in the two-way catalytic converter at 180℃ or
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47005b00570057004700880095008b0047005c005700570b45>. The front EGT sensor
detects whether the DOC can burn (oxidize) the post-injected fuel or not, and sends the signal to the
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8c008c00950047005a00570057004700880095008b0047005c>00℃. The DOC reduces CO
and HC of the exhaust gas by redox reaction and also reduces small amount of PM.
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9b008f0088009500470058005f00570b45>
2. CO and HC are oxidized by the catalyst materials: More than 180℃

02-52211-06
1. FUEL SYSTEM
The function of the fuel metering system is to deliver the correct amount of fuel to the engine under all
operating conditions.
The fuel is delivered to the engine by the individual fuel injectors mounted into the intake manifold nea
r
each cylinder.
The main fuel control sensors are the Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor and the oxygen (O2) sensors.
The MAF sensor monitors the mass flow of the air being drawn into the engine. An electrically heated
element is mounted in the intake air stream, where it is cooled by the flow of incoming air. Engine Control
Module (ECM) modulates the flow of heating current to maintain the temperature differential between the
heated film and the intake air at a constant level. The amount of heating current required to maintain the
temperature thus provides an index for the mass air flow. This
concept automatically compensates for variations in air density, as this is one of the factors that
determines the amount of warmth that the surrounding air absorbs from the heated element. MAF
sensor is located between the air filter and the throttle valve.
Under high fuel demands, the MAF sensor reads a high mass flow condition, such as wide open throttle.
The ECM uses this information to enrich the mixture, thus increasing the fuel injector on-time, to provide
the correct amount of fuel. When decelerating, the mass flow decreases. This mass flow change is
sensed by the MAF sensor and read by the ECM, which then decreases the fuel injector on-time due to
the low fuel demand conditions.
The O2 sensors are located in the exhaust pipe before catalytic converter. The O2 sensors indicate to
the ECM the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas, and the ECM changes the air/fuel ratio to the engine
by controlling the fuel injectors. The best air/fuel ratio to minimize exhaust emissions is 14.7 to 1, which
allows the catalytic converter to operate most efficiently. Because
of the constant measuring and adjusting of the air/fuel ratio, the fuel injection system is called a "closed
loop" system.
The ECM uses voltage inputs from several sensors to determine how much fuel to provide to the engine.
The fuel is delivered under one of several conditions, called "modes".

04-4
1. DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
1) Exhaust System
When you are inspecting or replacing exhaust system components, make sure there is adequate
clearance from all points on the underbody to avoid possible
overheating of the floor panel and possible damage to the passenger compartment insulation and trim
materials.
Check the complete exhaust system and the nearby body areas and trunk lid for broken, damaged,
missing or mispositioned parts, open seams, holes, loose connections, or other deterioration which
could permit exhaust fumes to seep into the trunk may be an indication of a problem in one of these
areas. Any defects should be corrected immediately.
2) Catalytic Converter (Gasoline Engine)
When jacking or lifting the vehicle from the body side rails, be certain that the lift pads do not contact
the catalytic converter, as this could damage the catalytic converter.
Use of anything other than unleaded fuel will damage the catalyst in the catalytic converter. 1.
2.
Catalytic Converter Structure ▶
The Catalytic converter of monolith type consists of 2
walled metal bodies which is made of Cordierite. The
principal element of converter consists of the materials
like Alumina or oxidized Serume in order to apply to
Ceramic Monolith. Washer coat operates first, and
catalytic metal elements (Pt, Pd, Rh) operates to
washer coat next.
Monolith type is lighter than other types, easy to
manufacture and quickly approaches to prope
r
temperature. Washer coat is used to make a contact
surface with exhaust gas bigger by adhering closely to
small holes
of inner layer. If a lead compound or phosphorus
adheres to the surface and the temperature rises, its
surface is decreased. The total area of general
monolith converter is about 45, 000~500,000ft3. (10
times of a football field) Generally Alumina (AL2 O3) is
used as a raw materialand its 7 phases of gamma,
delta, theta have big areas and high stability for the
temperature, and nowadays gamma Alumina is used
usually.

04-52420-01
Catalytic Converter and Temperature ▶
Catalytic converter has the normal function of
purification at a range of the temperature.
Because it has a weak point of decreasing of the
purification rate in the condition of continuous
high temperature, it should keep the temperature
range of 400 to 500°C for normal condition.
HC purification rate becomes better according to
the increase of temperature in the normal range
of temperature. CO purification rate becomes the
best near the temperature of 450°C, and NOx
does so near the temperature of 400 to 500°C.
Purification of Catalytic Converter ▶
Adhesion of soluble organic fraction (SOF)
below 180°C
Purification of soluble organic fraction (SOF)
over 180°C
Chemical reaction formula -
-
SOF(HC)+O2 → CO2+H2O
2CO+O2 → 2CO2
2C2H6+7O2 → 4CO2+6H20
By catalytic action of two primary catalytic
converter, oxidation occurs in order to
decrease HC and CO. -
Oxygen adheres to catalytic
material : below 180°CCatalytic material supplies each
CO and HC with O2 for their
oxidation : above 180°CCatalytic material conversion
process by DOC