2011 FORD KUGA fluid

To exactly determine the activation points of the
gear shifts and torque converter lockup on the
basis of the type of driving mode chosen, the TCM
receives the following information:
• Selected transmission range (TR sensor)
• Selected driving mode (normal/sport/select-shift)
• Transmission input shaft speed (TSS sensor)
• Transmission output shaft speed (OSS sensor)
• Transmission fluid temperature (TFT sensor)
• The engine speed and the torque as well as thethrottle plate opening - from the PCM via the
CAN databus
• Actuation of accelerator – from the PCM via the CAN databus
• The coolant temperature – from the PCM via the CAN databus
• Road speed – from the ABS module via the CAN databus
• Actuation of brake pedal – from the PCM via the CAN databus
Gearshift control
Adaptation
The TCM monitors every shift operation in all
driving conditions to make even and smooth gear
shifts possible. This is done by the control module,
which either lowers or increases the hydraulic line
pressure during gearshifts.
The changed pressure values are stored in the
control module memory after the engine is switched
off and retrieved during engine starting. This
improves the shift comfort and extends the service
life.
Full adaptability occurs when the following criteria
are met:
• Throttle plate opening is constant.
• Transmission fluid temperature between 65 °Cand 110 °C.
Shifting from 'P' to another transmission
range
To be able to move the selector lever from 'P' into
another transmission range, the ignition must be
switched on and the brake pedal pressed (stoplamp
switch on). The TCM detects the position of the
brake pedal via the CAN data bus and the engaged
transmission range from the TR sensor. Based on this information, the TCM transmits a
signal to the select-shift switch module. This
activates the brake shift interlock actuator in the
selector lever assembly.
When the brake shift interlock actuator is activated,
the locking pin is retracted so that another
transmission range can be selected.
The brake shift interlock actuator is deactivated
when the ignition is switched off. It is mechanically
locked when the gear selector lever is in 'P'.
Automatic transmission, selector lever in
position "D".
The TCM adapts the shift points to match the
driving conditions. Normally the TCM is in adaptive
mode and gear changes take place adapted to the
driving conditions. If special driving conditions are
detected, the TCM switches to predefined
characteristics.
When driving with normal acceleration, the TCM
uses a preset shift program which is optimized for
economical driving.
This shift program is suitable for "normal" driving
and delivers early upward changes and torque
converter lockup. Furthermore, the transmission
fluid pressure is adapted to make smooth
engagement of the gears possible.
Sport mode, selector lever in position "S"
The transmission switches from automatic
operation into sport mode. In this mode the TCM
switches to another set of characteristic curves.
These characteristic curves for control of the gear
changes are adapted to sporting calculations (e.g.
gear change at higher engine speed).
In the sport mode shift program the shift points are
set so that good performance is offered. Changing
down occurs at lower engine speeds.
Manual gear changes (select-shift mode) can be
made in sport mode by moving the selector lever
in the (+) or (-) direction.
Changing gear in select-shift mode
If you move the selector lever to 'S', the automatic
transaxle remains hydraulically in 'D' position. If
you move the gear selector lever forwards (-), the
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select-shift switch module transmits a downshift
signal to the TCM.
If you move the gear selector lever backwards (+),
an upshift signal is transmitted to the TCM. In the
instrument cluster, the symbol when the selector
lever is in the 'S' position changes from 'D' to the
current gear, for example 3.
The TCM transmits a signal to the select-shift
switch module to switch on the light emitting diode
for 'S' and to switch off all other light emitting
diodes. The TCM decides whether the shift process
is possible.
If the shift process is permitted, then the various
valves are activated according to the intended
combination for each gear.
In certain situations however, the TCM determines
the gear shifting. The following applies:
• If the vehicle is stationary, only 1st, 2nd and 3rdgears can be selected. 4th gear can be selected
at speeds over 30 km/h and 5th gear at speeds
over 40 km/h.
• The kickdown function is only available in the automatic transmission range 'D'
• Automatic gear changes into the next higher or next lower gear occur at fixed vehicle speeds
and fixed engine speeds
• The permitted engine speed for manual change down agree with that for the kickdown change
up, i.e. an engine speed of approximately 6000
rpm.
• If the temperature inside the transmission rises too high, the TCM takes control of the shift
decisions in order to select a gear in which
activation of torque converter lockup at the
current speed is possible
• Torque converter lockup is possible in 3rd, 4th and 5th gear. (1st and 2nd gears do not have
torque converter lockup)
The signal that specifies the position of the lever
to the select-shift switch module is generated as
follows in the selector lever position 'S': there is a
Hall sensor at the printed circuit board for the
module for each of the three selector lever
positions. A permanent magnet on the cover in the
selector lever affects the output signals to the
control module from the sensors. The control
module recognizes the position of the lever by the
differences in the signal properties.Selector lever from 'N' to 'R' position
The TCM only permits shifting to reverse gear if
the vehicle speed is less than 4.35 mph.
If the vehicle speed is greater than 7 km/h (approx.
4.35 mph), the clutch (C2) and the multi-plate brake
(B3) are not activated and the gearshift is thus
prevented.
Self-test and Diagnosis
The TCM monitors all the transaxle sensors and
electronic components including the PCM. If a fault
occurs, the driver is informed via a warning
indicator and a text message in the instrument
cluster. Faults are stored as DTCs in the fault
memory of the TCM and can be read out and
cleared using the IDS.
Temperature controlled torque converter
lockup
If heavy load and high ambient temperatures cause
an abnormal rise in the transmission temperature,
torque converter lockup is activated as often as
possible (temperature controlled lockup).
This reduces the slip and the heat developed in
the transmission. When the temperature drops
below +20 °C, torque converter lockup is not used.
Slip locking
When changing gear this function makes it possible
for the gears to engage more smoothly with
reduced vibration and less noise. In this mode, the
torque converter clutch is activated but not fully
locked.
The following conditions must be met for the
function to activate:
• Gear selector lever in position D or S.
• Gear 3, 4 or 5.
• The transmission input speed is 1100 rpm or more and the throttle plate opening 20 - 35%.
• The transmission fluid temperature is 40 - 120 °C.
Hill climbing
The TCM can change the shift pattern slightly when
driving uphill to avoid changing gear too often.
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Description
Item
ABS5
Cruise control
6
Select-shift switch module
7
PCM
8
Selector lever lock
9
PWM solenoid valve – shift pressure (SLS)
10
PWM solenoid valve for main line pressure
(SLT)
11
PWM- solenoid valve – TCC (SLU)
12Description
Item
Shift solenoid S1 (open when dormant)
13
Shift solenoid S2 (closed when dormant)
14
Shift solenoid S3 (closed when dormant)
15
Shift solenoid S4 (open when dormant)
16
Shift solenoid S5 (closed when dormant)
17
The TSS sensor
18
The OSS sensor
19
The TFT sensor
20
TR sensor in TCM
21
Input signals
Hard wired
• Item 18: ISS (input shaft speed) sensor
– Supplies information on the transmissioninput shaft speed. Used for calculations, for
instance the shift process, checking the
torque converter lockup and for diagnosis of
the hydraulic/mechanical operations in the
transmission.
• Item 19: OSS sensor – Supplies information on the transmissionoutput shaft speed. Used for calculations, for
instance the vehicle speed and for diagnosis
of the hydraulic/mechanical operations in the
transmission.
• Item 20: TFT sensor – Supplies information on the transmission fluidtemperature. This information is used to
adjust the shift times and the fluid pressure.
• Item 21: TR sensor – Supplies the TCM with the information on thechosen transmission range. Starting is only
possible when the selector lever is in the P
or N position. The sensor is a permanent
magnet which creates a magnetic field over
the different Hall sensors and in this way
creates a specific voltage for each shift
operation.
Via the LIN data bus
• Item 7: Selector lever module (select-shift module)
– Indicates that the selector lever is locked inposition P and supplies information on the
sport mode status. Also transmits a control
signal during select-shift gear changes and
supplies information on the fault status in the selector lever module, so that the fault codes
in the module can be stored as required.
Via the CAN data bus
• Item 4: PCM – Stop light switch ON/OFF, is used by theTCC.
– Coolant temperature, used for diagnosis of the transmission temperature sensor and for
activating the catalytic converter.
– Engine speed >400 rpm = engine running. Used for starting the transmission fluid
pressure and diagnosis functions.
– Engine rpm. Used for checking the torque converter slip and the pressure build-up,
which have an effect on the shift comfort.
– Kickdown. If the accelerator pedal is pressed down and the throttle plate is wide open, the
PCM transmits a kickdown signal to the TCM.
– Current engine speed, used to check the line pressure of the transmission.
– Throttle plate opening, used to calculate the gear changes. During sport mode and
kickdown.
– Accelerator pedal position, used to calculate the shift threshold timings.
• Item 5: ABS module – Supplies information on the vehicle speedand also on the difference in speed between
the left-hand and right-hand wheels. Prevents
changing up if the speed difference is greater
than 40 km/h, to protect the differential in the
transmission.
• Item 6: Vehicle speed control system – Is used to calculate the acceleration,depending on the position of the resume and
set buttons.
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Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
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Output signals
Hard wired
• Item 8: PCM– Start inhibitor. Supplies the PCM with a signalthat indicates whether the engine can be
started or not.
• Item 9: Selector lever module (select-shift module)
– Controls the solenoid switch in the selectorlever unit.
• Position 10: PWM solenoid valve – shift pressure (SLS)
– Matches the line pressure to a shift pressureand is activated for certain gears.
• Position 11: PWM solenoid valve – main line pressure (SLT)
– Adjusts the linear line pressure for gearchanges without jolts.
• Position 12: PWM- solenoid valve – TCC (SLU) – Matches the line pressure to a torqueconverter lock-up pressure. Is also used for
certain gearshifts.
• Items 13 - 17: Shift solenoids S1 – S5 – The TCM checks which gear is engaged asthe solenoids become active in different
patterns.
Via the LIN data bus
• Item 7: Selector lever module (select-shift module)
– The TCM transmits a signal to the selectorlever module which activates the LED (light
emitting diode) in the selector mechanism
assembly according to the selector lever
position. Via the CAN data bus
• Item 2: GEM
– The selector lever module transmits a signalvia the TCM, which indicates that the selector
lever is locked in position P. The GEM uses
this information to control the ignition switch
key inhibit function.
– The TCM transmits a signal via the GEM to activate the back-up lamps.
• Item 3: Instrument Cluster – Current selector lever position. Used toindicate the selector lever position in the
instrument cluster.
– Check the warning lamps via the GEM. In the event of a fault, the general warning lamp
lights.
– Text messages in the instrument cluster via the GEM. The driver receives various
malfunction messages from the TCM.
– The TCM transmits signals on the CAN data bus to the PCM so that the MIL lights up in
the event of emissions-related faults.
• Item 4: PCM – Transmission fluid temperature, used tocompensate for increased loads at low fluid
temperatures.
– Gear selected, used by the engine so that it can compensate for different loads.
– Torque converter lockup, used by the engine so that it can compensate for different loads.
– Next gear planned by the TCM, used by the engine to compensate for different loads.
– Requirement for a reduced engine torque during gear shifts, the engine reduces the
engine torque during gear shifts.
– Torque limiting requirement, the engine limits the engine torque according to the gear
engaged.
• Item 5: ABS module – Current gear, used to transmit a signal, notfor shift control.
– Vehicle speed, used as reserve.
Control valve assembly
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PWM- solenoid valve – TCC (SLU)
E112325
Installation position
The PWM solenoid valve for the TCC (SLU) is
located in the valve body on the front of the
transaxle.
Function
00.2 1.0 0.80.60.4
0
0.2 1.0
0.80.60.4
0
0.2 1.0
0.80.60.40
0.2 1.0 0.80.60.4
E125965
1
2
Description
Item
Hydraulic pressure
1
Average current (A)
2
The valve actuates the torque converter clutch as
well as the reverse gear brake (B3) and 2nd - 5th
gear brake (B2). The PWM control achieves
smooth engagement of the gears. The two brakes
are actuated in 1st and 2nd gear to guarantee
engine braking.
The valve also actuates the torque converter in
such a way that is works in three positions: 'open',
'controlled looping (slip lock-up mode)', and 'locked
(full lock-up mode)'. The hydraulic function of the
valve is linear.
In lockup mode the TCC is closed. The impeller
and the turbine of the torque converter are friction
locked. The engine torque acts directly on the
transmission input shaft. Fuel consumption is
reduced due to a reduction in the torque converter
pump losses.
In slip lock-up mode, slip in the TCC is permitted
in order to improve driving comfort. The hydraulic
pressure acting on the TCM varies in accordance
with the duty signal of the actuation signal
generated by the PWM for the TCC solenoid valve
for the TCC (SLU). The temperature of the
transmission fluid increases in slip mode.
Consequences of signal failure
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Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
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Overview of the select-shift switch module
E112331
The select-shift switch module is located on the
upper trim of the selector lever unit. The module
is supplied with power by the TCM.
It uses the LIN databus to interact with the TCM,
for instance to activate the selector lever position
display.
It allows the automatic transmission gears to be
changed up and down manually via the signals of
the Hall sensors.
The select-shift switch module detects the selector
lever position 'P' and 'S' via the integrated selector
lever position sensors (Hall sensors).
A cable leading from the TCM passes directly to
the select-shift switch module and is used to control
the solenoid of the selector lever lock. The
switching solenoid receives its voltage supply
directly from the module.
In the event of a fault, a signal is transmitted to the
TCM where all DTCs are stored.
Oil pump
E68097
1
2
3
45
Description
Item
Fluid pump rotor, outer
1
Fluid pump rotor, inner
2
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Description
Item
Drive
3
Intake side
4
Delivery side
5
The fluid pump operates on the principle of a
G-rotor fluid pump.
The fluid pump draws transmission fluid from the
fluid pan, builds up fluid pressure and then supplies
it to the valve body.
The fluid pump is driven by the crankshaft via the
torque converter housing.
Torque converter with TCC
E66428E66428
1
2
3
5
4
Description
Item
Torque converter housing and impeller
1
Turbine
2
TCC3
Transaxle input shaft
4
Stator with roller-type one-way clutch
5 The torque converter transmits the output torque
hydraulically from the engine to the transaxle input
shaft.
The stator increases the torque up to the clutch
take-up point. At the clutch take-up point, the speed
difference between impeller and turbine is
approximately 90 %.
In order to improve the efficiency, the torque
converter features a hydraulically-activated TCC.
When the TCC is engaged, the torque is
transmitted directly from the crankshaft via the
torque converter housing to the transaxle input
shaft.
Installation position
The TCC is an integral component of the torque
converter.
Function
The TCM controls the PWM via the TCC solenoid
valve for the TCC (SLU). Based on the signals for
engine speed and accelerator pedal position as
well as vehicle speed, driving comfort is improved
by linear actuation of the TCC.
E89081
1
A
B
23
Description
Item
APP (accelerator pedal position)
A
Vehicle speed
B
TCC disengaged
1
Slip lock-up mode
2
Full lock-up mode
3
Full lock-up mode
In lockup mode the TCC is closed. The impeller
and the turbine of the torque converter are friction
locked. The engine torque acts directly on the
transmission input shaft. Fuel consumption is
reduced due to a reduction in the torque converter
pump losses.
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E89089
10000100
50 0 150
1
2
Description
Item
Resistance (Ohms)
1
Temperature (°C)
2
The sensor is an NTC (negative temperature
coefficient) (negative temperature coefficient)
sensor. The voltage supply is 5 V. The transmission
fluid temperature is detected by measuring the
voltage drop across the NTC resistor.
The TCM uses the transmission fluid temperature
information for the following calculations:
• Transaxle shift points
• If the transmission fluid temperatures are too high, slip lock-up of the TCC is prevented.
Consequences of signal failure
88
E125803
1
2
Description
Item
The TFT sensor
1
TCM connector 'C'
2
• No activation of TCC slip lock-up mode.
• No activation of TCC full lock-up mode.
• The MIL is activated.
• When the engine is restarted (ignition switched off for approx. 15 seconds), the transaxle is no
longer in limp home mode. There is no longer
a fault indication on the instrument cluster, and
the MIL is off. However, the fault remains stored
in the TCM. If the fault is still present, limp home
mode is reactivated.
• If the sensor fails, a temperature substitute value of 30 °C (86 °F) is initially assumed. After 15
minutes driving, the substitute value is raised
t o 111 ° C .
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