2010 JAGUAR XFR steering

Symptom Possible Causes Action
Knock
Loose fixings (universal joint
pinch bolt and steering column
fixings)
Tighten fixings to correct specification.
REFER to: Specifications (211-00 Steering System - General Information, Specifications).



Rattle
Foreign objects
Remove foreign objects from between steering
column shroud and steering wheel/steering
column rotating components
Loose fixings
Tighten steering column fixings to correct
specification.
REFER to: Specifications (211-00 Steering System - General Information, Specifications).



Noise while adjusting
column
Electric motor/solenoid
NOTE: Before carrying out repairs/replacement,
assess column adjustment noise levels against other
vehicles of the same model
Install new components as required
Motor spindle/lead screw
Lubricate lead screw Vibration

Symptom Possible Causes Action


Wheel Fight (Kick Back) - condition
where roughness is felt in the
steering wheel by the driver when
the vehicle is driven over rough
surfaces


Loose or worn steering
components/bushings
CAUTION: DO NOT attempt to adjust the
steering gear yoke. Failure to follow this
instruction will invalidate the steering gear
warranty.

Tighten and install new steering
components/bushings as required
Loose or worn suspension
components/bushings
Tighten and install new suspension
components/bushings as required

Nibble (Shimmy) - condition where
oscillation of the steering wheel
occurs (not vertical which is Shake).
This is driven by road wheel
imbalance

Road wheel and tire
condition
Check for wheel and tire damage. Install
new components as required
Check for tire uniformity. Install new
tire(s) as required
Road wheel imbalance
Check and adjust road wheel balance as
required
Shake - condition where vertical
vibration of the steering
wheel/column occurs (not
oscillation which is Nibble)
NOTE: Vibration smooths out
after several miles of driving

Road wheel imbalance due
to tire flat-spotting
Ensure tires installed are to Jaguar
specification. Install new tires as
required
Check and adjust tire pressures to
correct specification Component Tests

Steering Linkage Inspection and Backlash (Free play) Check


CAUTION: Steering gear boots must be handled carefully to avoid damage. Use new clamps when installing steering gear
boots.

Inspect the boots for cuts, deterioration, twisting or distortion. Check the steering gear boots to make sure they are tight.
Install new boots or clamps as required.


NOTE: The following steps must be carried out with assistance.

1. With the wheels in the straight ahead position, gently turn the steering wheel to the left and the right to check for free
play.

2. Free play should be between 0 and 6 mm (0 and 0.24 in) at the steering wheel rim. If the free play exceeds this limit,
either the ball joints are worn, the lower steering column joints are worn or the backlash of the steering gear is
excessive.

CAUTION: DO NOT attempt to adjust the steering gear yoke. Failure to follow this instruction will invalidate the steering
gear warranty.
3. The backlash of the steering gear cannot be adjusted, install a new steering gear if excessive backlash is diagnosed.

4. Grasp the steering wheel firmly and move it up and down and to the left and right without turning the wheel to check
for column bearing wear, steering wheel or steering column.
Power Steering Fluid Condition Check

1. Run the engine for 2 minutes.
2. Check the power steering fluid system level.

3. Observe the color and the odor. The color under normal circumstances should be dark reddish, not brown or black.

4. Using a suitable clean syringe extract a suitable amount of fluid from the reservoir.
5. Allow the fluid to drip onto a facial tissue and examine the stain.

6. If evidence of solid material is found, the power steering fluid system should be drained for further inspection.

7. If fluid contamination or steering component failure is confirmed by the sediment in the power steering fluid system,
refer to Steering Fault Diagnosis by Symptom Charts in this section.
Power Steering Pressure Test

Test Equipment



Item Part Number Description 1 211-011 Pressure Gauge Hose 2 211-011-08 Pump Return Hose 3 211-011-07 Pump Return Hose Connector 4 211-011-03/2 Test Equipment to High Pressure Hose Adaptor 5 211-011-03/1 Pump High Pressure Outlet to Hose Adaptor 6 211-011-02 Pump Adaptor to Control Valve Hose 7 211-011-01 Control Valve 8 211-011 Pressure Gauge 9 - 'O' Ring Seal The measurement of the maximum system pressure, (which is governed by the pressure relief valve) is achieved by inserting
the Service Tool (pressure gauge and adaptors) into the fluid circuit of the power steering system. Run the engine at idle
speed, turn the steering from lock to lock and read the maximum pressure recorded on the gauge.

Installing Test Equipment

To install the pressure test equipment:

Place a suitable drain tray below the power steering pump.
Install a hose clamp on the reservoir to pump hose prior to disconnecting any hoses, to avoid unnecessary loss of fluid.
Disconnect the hose from the power steering pump high pressure outlet.
Install the pump outlet to hose adaptor (5). Do not omit the 'O' ring seal (9).
Connect the power steering pump adaptor to control valve hose (6) of the test equipment.
Install the adaptor (4) in the high pressure hose previously removed from the power steering pump outlet.
Connect the connector (3) of the test equipment hose (2) to the adaptor (4).
Remove the hose clamp from the reservoir hose.
Start the engine to check the system pressure. www.JagDocs.com

With the control valve (7) OPEN and the engine idling, the following system pressures may be checked:

During turning when static (dry parking pressure).
When the steering is held on full lock (maximum system pressure or pressure relief).
With the steering at rest (idle pressure or back pressure).
CAUTIONS:


To avoid excessive heating of the power steering pump when checking the pressure, do not close the valve for more than
5 seconds maximum.


When checking the pump pressure DO NOT drive the vehicle with the test equipment installed.

With the control valve (7) CLOSED the power steering pump maximum output pressure can be checked.

Removing Test Equipment

To remove the test equipment:

Install a hose clamp on the reservoir to power steering pump hose.
Removing the test equipment is a reversal of the installation instructions.
Install a new 'O' ring seal (9) to the power steering pump high pressure outlet to hose connection.
Install the original hose to the power steering pump.
Remove the clamp from the reservoir to the power steering pump hose.
Top-up the reservoir fluid.
Bleed the power steering system.
REFER to: Power Steering System Bleeding (211-00 Steering System - General Information, General Procedures).
Description of Terms General Steering System Noises
Boom
Rhythmic sound like a drum roll or distant thunder. May cause pressure on the ear drum.

Buzz

Low-pitched sound, like a bee. Usually associated with vibrations.

Chatter

Rapidly repeating metallic sound.

Chuckle

Rapid noise that sounds like a stick against the spokes of a spinning bicycle wheel.

Chirp

High pitched rapidly repeating sound, like chirping birds.

Click

Light sound, like a ball point pen being clicked.

Click/Thump

Heavy metal-to-metal sound, like a hammer striking steel.

Grind

Abrasive sound, like a grinding wheel or sandpaper rubbing against wood.

Groan/Moan

Continuous, low-pitched humming sound.

Groan/Howl

Low, guttural sound, like an angry dog.

Hiss

Continuous sound like air escaping from a tire valve.

Hum

Continuous sound of varying frequencies, like a wire humming in the wind.

Knock

Heavy, loud repeating sound like a knock on a door.

Ping

Similar to knock, except at higher frequency.

Rattle

A sound suggesting looseness, such as marbles rolling around in a can.

Roar

Deep, long, prolonged sound like an animal, or winds and ocean waves.

Rumble

Low, heavy continuous sound like that made by wagons or thunder.

Scrape

Grating noise like one hard plastic part rubbing against another.

Squeak

High-pitched sound like rubbing a clean window.

Squeal

Continuous, high-pitched sound like running finger nails across a chalkboard.

Tap

Light, hammering sound like tapping pencil on edge of table. May be rhythmic or intermittent.

Whirr/Whine

High-pitched buzzing sound, like an electric motor or drill.

Whistle

Sharp, shrill sound, like wind passing a small opening.

Specific Steering System Noise Types
Belt Squeal
Belt squeal is a high frequency air-borne noise generated by slippage of the ribbed Vee belt on the power steering pump
pulley. Squeal increases with system loading and at full lock.

Clonk

Clonk is a structure-borne noise heard as a loose-sounding rattle or vibration coming from the steering column. Clonk can be
identified by driving and turning over cobblestones, rough roads, or high frequency bumps such as 25-50 mm tall tar strips.
Clonk requires a tie-rod load impact.

Column Knock

Column knock is a loose-sounding rattle or vibration generated by the steering column shaft contacting other portions of the
column assembly. The noise is both audible and tactile. Column knock is generated by driving over cobblestones or rough
pavement. It is not necessary to turn the steering wheel to create this noise.

Column Rattle

Column rattle is a metallic sounding noise created when applying a highly impulsive force to the steering wheel. Column rattle
is often used to combine the more general group of column noises including clonk and column knock. Column rattle noises can
be caused by clonk, knock, loose column components, bonus parts etc. A series of parked, straight-line driving, and cornering
tests should be carried out to isolate the source/sources.

Grinding/Scrape

Grinding is a low frequency noise in the column when the steering wheel is turned. It is generally caused by interference

between moving components such as the steering wheel to steering column shroud.

Grunt (Squawk/Whoop)

Grunt is a 'honking' sound elicited when coming off one of the steering stops. Grunt is generally excited during parking
manoeuvres with a low to medium speed steering input.

Hiss (Swish)

Hiss or Valve Hiss is a high-frequency sound coming from the steering gear when the system is loaded. It is a rushing or
'swish' noise that doesn't change frequency with RPM. Hiss is the general noise generated by the flow of hydraulic fluid through
restrictions in the steering system. Restrictions include the rotary steering valve, power steering tubes, connectors, tuning
orifices, etc. Hiss can be air-borne and structure-borne, but the structure-borne path through the steering intermediate shaft is
usually dominant.

Moan (Groan)

Moan is the general structure-borne noise of the steering system. Moan is primarily transmitted to the driver via the body
structure through the pump mount, engine mounts, power steering lines and power steering brackets. On some vehicles, moan
is a loud humming noise, often present when the wheel is turned and the system is loaded. It may change frequency with
engine RPM and if the system is loaded or unloaded.

Steering Gear Knock (Steering Gear Slap)


CAUTION: DO NOT attempt to adjust the steering gear yoke. Failure to follow this instruction will invalidate the steering
gear warranty.

Steering gear knock is a rattle sound and steering wheel vibration caused by separation of the steering gear and pinion while
driving over bumps. It is a structure-borne noise transmitted through the intermediate shaft and column. Steering gear knock
can also be heard as a 'thump' or impact noise that occurs with the vehicle stationary when the steering wheel is released
from a loaded position and allowed to return to rest. Noise occurs with the engine on or off.

Rattles

Rattles are noises caused by knocking or hitting of components in the steering system. Steering rattles can occur in the engine
compartment, the suspension, or the passenger compartment. Rattles can be caused by loose components, movable and
flexible components, and improper clearances.

Squeaks/Scrapes

Squeaks/Scrapes are noises due to friction or component rubbing anywhere in the steering system. Squeaks/Scrapes have
appeared in steering linkages and joints, in column components and in column and steering wheel trim.

Weep

Weep is an air-borne noise, occasionally generated when turning the steering across lock at a constant rate. When present on
a vehicle the noise, once initiated can often be maintained across a large proportion of the available steering movement.

Whistle

Whistle is similar to hiss but is louder and of a higher frequency. It is also more of a pure tone noise than hiss. Whistle is
air-borne and is generated by a high flow rate of hydraulic fluid through a small restriction.

Zip

Zip noise is the air-borne noise generated by power steering pump cavitation when power steering fluid does not flow freely
through the suction hose from the reservoir to the pump. Zip primarily occurs during cold weather at start-up.

Steering System Vibrations and Harshness
Buzz
Buzz is a tactile rotary vibration felt in the steering wheel when steering inputs are slow. Buzz can also be called a grinding
feel and it is closely related to grunt and is caused by high system gain with low damping. Buzz is generally excited during
parking manoeuvres with low to medium speed steering input.

Buzz (Electrical)

A different steering buzz can be caused by pulse width modulated (PWM) electric actuators used in variable assist steering
systems. This buzz is felt by turning the ignition key to run without starting the engine and holding onto the steering wheel.
In extreme cases, the buzz can be felt with the engine running also.

Column/Steering Wheel Shake

Column shake is a low frequency vertical vibration excited by primary engine vibrations.

Nibble (Shimmy)

Steering nibble is a rotary oscillation or vibration of the steering wheel, which can be excited at a specific vehicle speed.
Nibble is driven by wheel and tire imbalance exciting a suspension recession mode, which then translates into steering gear
travel and finally steering wheel nibble.

Shudder (Judder)

Shudder is a low frequency oscillation of the entire steering system (tire, wheels, steering gear and linkage, etc.) when the
vehicle is steered during static-park or at low speeds. Shudder is very dependent on road surface.

Torque/Velocity Variation (Phasing/Effort Cycling)

Steering wheel torque variation occurring twice in one revolution is normally as a result of problems with the lower steering
column (intermediate shaft), but foul conditions generally result in either constant stiffness or single point stiffness.
Depending upon the orientation of the joints, the steering can feel asymmetric (torque falling off in one direction and rising in
the other) or else it can simply have pronounced peaks and troughs as the steering moves from lock to lock.

Wheel Fight (Kick Back)

Wheel fight is excess feedback of sudden road forces through the steering system and back to the driver. It is evaluated at all
vehicle speeds over cobblestones, rough roads, and potholes. The tires, wheels, and suspension generate forces into the
steering systems. Steering friction, hydraulic damping, hydraulic compliance, mechanical compliance, steering ratio, and assist
gain all affect how much is transmitted to the driver.

Published: 07-Jul-2011
Steering System - General Information - Power Steering System Bleeding
General Procedures


NOTE: Some variation in the illustrations may occur, but the essential information is always correct.

1. Clean power steering fluid reservoir around the filler cap and fluid
indicator.
Check the power steering fluid, if aerated, wait until fluid is free
from bubbles then top-up reservoir to UPPER level mark with
recommended fluid.


2. CAUTION: Fluid must always be present in the reservoir
during bleeding.
Remove the filler cap and fill to the MAX level mark.
Install the reservoir filler cap.









3. Start the engine and allow to run for 10 seconds, stop the engine.
Check the power steering fluid, if aerated, wait until fluid is free
from bubbles then top-up reservoir to UPPER level mark with
recommended fluid.


4. CAUTION: Do not hold steering on full lock for longer than 10
seconds.
Start the engine and turn steering fully lock to lock, stop the engine.
Check and top-up power steering fluid level.

5. Start and run the engine for 2 minutes, turn the steering fully lock to
lock.
Check and top-up power steering fluid level. www.JagDocs.com

Published: 11-May-2011
Steering System - General Information - Power Steering System Flushing
General Procedures
NOTES:

If heavy steering or contamination within the power steering system is found, it is necessary to carry out the system
flush procedure as detailed below. If any components have been replaced in the power steering system the procedure below
must be carried out in full.


Some variation in the illustrations may occur, but the essential information is always correct.

1. Remove the power steering fluid reservoir cap.

2. Using a suitable syringe, remove the power steering fluid from the power
steering fluid reservoir.


3. CAUTION: Be prepared to collect escaping fluids.


NOTE: Note the orientation of the clip.

Detach the power steering fluid reservoir.
Detach but do not remove the power steering fluid
reservoir.
Release the power steering fluid return hose from
the power steering fluid reservoir.
If a quick release coupling is fitted to the power
steering return hose, release the power steering
fluid return hose from the coupling by removing the
clip.




4. CAUTION: Be prepared to collect escaping fluids.

NOTE: Make sure that all openings are sealed. Use
new blanking caps.

Using a suitable blanking cap, cap the power steering
reservoir return pipe.