
Is 'Jaguar' identified in Bluetooth device list? Yes
Select device from list, then continue with diagnosis.GO to A3. No
Carry out further Bluetooth device search, to a maximum of 4 times, waiting approximately 20 seconds
between searches. If 'Jaguar' still not identified in Bluetooth device list, set ignition status to OFF, wait
approximately 30 seconds and set ignition status to ON. Carry out further Bluetooth device search, to a
maximum of 4 times, waiting approximately 20 seconds between searches. If 'Jaguar' still not identified in
Bluetooth device list, contact your local in market support for further assistance. A3: TELEPHONE HANDSET ERROR 1 Check for any error shown on the telephone handset when 'Jaguar' is selected from the Bluetooth device list. Was an error immediately shown on the telephone handset? Yes
Wait approximately 10 seconds then re-attempt selection, to a maximum of 4 times, waiting
approximately 10 seconds between each attempt. If error still being displayed, contact your local in
market support for assistance.
No
Enter PIN '1313' then continue with diagnosis.GO to A4. A4: PIN ENTRY STATUS 1 Check for successful PIN entry. Was PIN entry successful? Yes
GO to A5. No
Wait approximately 10 seconds then re-attempt PIN entry, to a maximum of 4 times, waiting
approximately 10 seconds between each attempt. If PIN entry is still un-successful, contact your local in
market support for assistance. A5: 'NO PHONE FITTED' DISPLAY 1 Carry out checks to determine if 'No Phone Fitted' is still shown on vehicle display. Is 'No Phone Fitted' still displayed? Yes
From the telephone handset, select the connect option for the 'Land Rover' device identified in the
Bluetooth device list. If 'No Phone Fitted' is still displayed, suspect a telephone handset fault. Carry out
Pinpoint test again using known good telephone handset.
No
The telephone is paired and connected to the system. No further action is required for this symptom.
PINPOINT TEST B : NOT AUTOMATICALLY CONNECTING TEST
CONDITIONS DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS B1: BLUETOOTH MODULE PAIRED DEVICE LIST
NOTE: Prior to continuing with any diagnosis, ensure that the Customer telephone and level of software is included on
the JLR approved list, the telephone battery is fully charged and in a serviceable condition, the bluetooth and auto connect
functions are activated and the telephone handset is placed within the vehicle cabin area. 1 Carry out checks to determine if the Customer telephone is shown in the Bluetooth Module paired device list. Is the Customer telephone in the Bluetooth Module paired device list?
Yes
GO to B2. No
Carry out Unable to Pair Pinpoint Test.GO to A. B2: CUSTOMER HANDSET PAIRED DEVICE LIST 1 Carry out checks to determine if the Bluetooth Module is shown in the Customer telephone paired device list. Is the Bluetooth Module in the Customer telephone paired device list?
Yes
GO to B3. No
Carry out Unable to Pair Pinpoint Test.GO to A. B3: CUSTOMER TELEPHONE IN POSITION 1 1 Carry out checks to determine if the Customer telephone is in position 1 in the Bluetooth Module paired device list. Is the Customer telephone in position 1?
Yes
GO to B4. No
Advise Customer that auto connection will only be attempted with the device that is shown in position 1
in Bluetooth Module paired device list. B4: CHECK FOR DTC B1A56-13 1 Using Manufacturer approved diagnostic system, check for DTC B1A56-13.

Is DTC B1A56-13 logged?
Yes
Carry out remedial actions as outlined in DTC Index. If symptom remains, contact your local in market
support for assistance.
No
GO to B5. B5: BLUETOOTH CONNECTION 1 Carry out checks to determine if Bluetooth connection icon is shown on Customer Bluetooth telephone screen but shows 'No Phone Fitted' on vehicle screen. Is Bluetooth connection icon shown on the Customer handset but 'No Phone Fitted' displayed on vehicle
screen?
Yes
GO to B9. No
GO to B6. B6: 'LAND ROVER' AUTHORISATION
NOTE: Some handsets may require operator intervention to manually authorise connection. 1 Carry out checks to determine if 'Land Rover' is authorised in the Customer Bluetooth telephone device list menu. Is 'Land Rover' authorised in the Customer Bluetooth telephone device list menu?
Yes
GO to B7. No
Advise customer that 'Land Rover' needs to be authorised in the Customer Bluetooth telephone device
list menu, or operator intervention may be required to manually authorise connection. B7: SEARCH FOR DEVICES SCREEN 1 Select the search for devices button on the vehicle display. Does pressing the search for devices button bring up the searching screen on the vehicle display?
Yes
Contact your local in market support for assistance.
No
GO to B8. B8: CYCLE IGNITION AND CHECK SEARCH FOR DEVICES SCREEN 1 Lock vehicle (wait 60s) before unlocking and turning Ignition status back to ON. Does pressing the search for devices button bring up the searching screen on the vehicle display?
Yes
No further action required for this Symptom. Possible intermitent fault.
No
Contact your local in market support for assistance. B9: PAIRED DEVICE 1 Check Customer telephone paired device list to establish which device the Customer telephone is connected to. Is the Customer telephone connected to the vehicle?
Yes
Lock vehicle (wait 60s) before unlocking and turning Ignition status back to ON. If Not Automatically
Connecting, contact you local in market support for assistance.
No
Using the Customer telephone controls, disconnect from the currently connected device and delete from
paired device list. Lock vehicle (wait for 60s) before unlocking and turning Igition status to ON. If Not Automatically Connecting, contact your local in market support for assistance.
PINPOINT TEST C : NO AUDIO TO THIRD PARTY TEST CONDITIONS DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS C1: MICROPHONE DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCS)
NOTE: Prior to continuing with any diagnosis, ensure that the Customer telephone and level of software is included on
the JLR approved list, the telephone battery is fully charged and in a serviceable condition, the telephone is placed within the
vehicle cabin area and is connected to the vehicle via bluetooth. 1 Using the Manufacturer approved diagnostic system, check for any logged microphone DTCs in Audio Front Control module. Is DTC B1D79-01 logged? Yes
Carry out diagnosis of electrical failure as advised in Action column of DTC Index.
No
Contact your local in market support for assistance.
PINPOINT TEST D : NO AUDIO FROM THIRD PARTY TEST CONDITIONS DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS D1: 'IN CALL' DISPLAY

NOTE: Prior to continuing with any diagnosis, ensure that the Customer telephone and level of software is included on
the JLR approved list, the telephone battery is fully charged and in a serviceable condition, the telephone is placed within the
vehicle cabin area and is connected to the vehicle via bluetooth. 1 Carry out checks to determine if 'In Call' is shown on the vehicle display. Is vehicle display showing 'In Call'?
Yes
Contact your local in market support for assistance.
No
Call has ended. No further action is required for this symptom.
PINPOINT TEST E : NO AUDIO TEST CONDITIONS DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS E1: AUDIO FROM THIRD PARTY
NOTE: Prior to continuing with any diagnosis, ensure that the Customer telephone and level of software is included on
the JLR approved list, the telephone battery is fully charged and in a serviceable condition, the telephone is placed within the
vehicle cabin area and is connected to the vehicle via bluetooth. 1 Establish from Customer feedback/symptom if there is Audio from the Third Party. Is there Audio from the Third Party? Yes
GO to E2. No
Refer to the 'No Audio From Third Party' Pinpoint test.GO to D. E2: AUDIO TO THIRD PARTY 1 Establish from Customer feedback/symptom if there is Audio to the Third Party. Is there Audio to the Third Party? Yes
GO to E3. No
Refer to the 'No Audio To Third Party' Pinpoint test.GO to C. E3: CD OR RADIO AUDIO 1 Establish from Customer feedback/symptom if there is Audio from the CD or Radio. Is there Audio from the CD or Radio? Yes
GO to E4. No
Suspect MOST ring fault, refer to electrical circuit diagrams and check/rectify MOST ring as necessary. E4: TELEPHONE HANDSET AUDIO 1 Establish from Customer feedback/symptom if there is Audio from the telephone handset. Is there Audio from the telephone handset? Yes
Ensure vehicle is parked. Disconnect and reconnect handset. If issue not resolved, contact your
local in market support for assistance.
No
Contact you local in market support for assistance.

Publi s hed: 11-May-2011
Information and Entertainment System - Cellular Phone - Overview
Des cript ion and Operat ion
Authori ng Templat e
OVERVIEW
The cel lul ar phone s yst em us es t he cus t omers own Bluetooth® capabl e hands et in conjuncti on wit h t he vehicle
informat ion and ent ertai nment sys tem. The t elephone cont rol module i s l ocated under t he left -hand front s eat, and has a
Bluet oot h® ant enna integrat ed i nt o t he unit . Tel ephone handset s mus t be paired wit h t he t el ephone control modul e,
requiring i nput of a PIN (pers onal i dent ificati on number) before t hey can be us ed wi th the vehicle sys tem. Once pai red, any
phone can be docked to the car wi thout re-ent eri ng a PIN (pers onal identi fi cat ion number). In addit ion t o t hi s , the l ast
connected device wi ll dock aut omati cal ly t he next ti me i t is pl aced i n t he vehi cl e a nd t he ignit ion i s i n power mode
(ignit ion on).
The s ys t em has t he abil it y to pai r and dock t elephone hands ets from t he tel ephones t hems elves . By s uppl yi ng a fixed PIN
(personal identi fi cat ion number), a us er wil l be abl e t o us e t hei r tel ephone or othe r t el ephone related Bluetooth® device
and pair wi th i t wit hout us i ng the touch s creen. This enables devices s uch as Blackberry's and ot her s ecure PDA's (pers onal
digit al ass i st ants ) t o pair and dock wit h t he vehi cl e s ys t em.
Up t o 5 telephone hands ets can be pai red wi th the vehicle, but only 1 tel ephone can be us ed at a t ime. The Touch-screen
dis plays phone functi onali ty, i ncl udi ng diali ng, and (if compati ble) t he hands et’s phone book. The Touch-s creen als o
dis plays t he phone's si gnal s trengt h and bat tery meter (if s upported by the phone). These functi ons al low the us er to vi ew
t he dis plays on t he Touch-s creen and not have to us e the handset .
• NOTE: There i s no physi cal connecti on (cradl e) bet ween t he phone hands et and the t elephone cont rol module.
Communicati ons bet ween t he 2 component s are purely Bl uet oot h®. This can l imi t t he avai lable funct ions dependant on
t he hands et used.
The s ys t em al lows t he dri ver t o make, receive and end phone cal ls us ing the Touch-s creen, s t eering wheel s wit ches and
voice recogni ti on s yst em (if fit t ed).
Phone di ali ng is achieved usi ng one of the foll owing met hods :
Dial ing a number us ing t he Touch-screen keypadSelecti ng a number from t he hands ets (aut omat icall y or manual ly downl oaded) phonebook on the Touch-s creenSelecti ng a number from t he hands ets (aut omat icall y or manual ly downl oaded) phonebook in t he i ns t rument clus ter
mes s age centerSelecti ng from t he hands et s (downloaded) cal l regis ter, typicall y the las t 10 cal ls made, received and mis s edThe t el ephone control modul e is connect ed t o t he informati on and entertainment s ys te m on the MOST (medi a oriented
s ys t ems t rans port) ring. This al lows audio and control si gnal s t o be rout ed t o and from t he t elephone control modul e.

System Operation
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
Pri mary us er cont rol of t he phone s ys tem is vi a t he Touch-s creen and JaguarVoi ce cont rol s wit ch. Selecti on of
'phone/comms ' on the Touch-s creen home menu sends a control si gnal t o t he tel ephone cont rol unit on the MO ST (medi a
ori ent ated sys tems trans port ) ring, opening the phone s ubmenu opt ions .
W hen maki ng an outgoing phone call us ing t he JaguarVoice funct ion t he ICM (informat i on control modul e) proces s es the
anal ogue si gnal from the swi tch i nto a digit al s ignal . The digit al si gnal i s pass ed from the ICM (i nformat ion cont rol
module) onto the MO ST (medi a ori ent ated sys tems trans port ) s yst em t o t he JaguarVoi ce cont rol unit which i s int egral wit h
t he navi gat ion computer.
The navi gat ion comput er s ends an i ns t ructi on via MO ST (medi a ori ent ated sys tems trans port ) t o t he IAM (i ntegrat ed audi o
module) t o t urn on t he mi crophone faci li ty.
The voice command s ignals are rel ayed from t he IAM (i ntegrat ed audio module) vi a the MOST (medi a orientat ed s ys t ems
t ransport) ring t o t he navi gati on comput er for process ing.
The process ed voice command i s rel ayed on the MO ST (medi a ori ent ated sys tems trans port ) ring from the navigat ion
comput er to the phone cont rol module.
Speech out put i nformat ion is t rans ferred from the phone control modul e via t he Bl uet oot h® connect ion to t he cell phone.
Incomi ng cal ls are received from the Bl uet ooth® phone by the phone cont rol module. The i nformat ion is proces sed by the
phone cont rol module and t rans ferred on t he MOST (media ori ent ated s ys tems trans port ) ri ng t o the power ampl ifi er or IAM
(integrat ed audio modul e) for audi o output t hrough the vehicle’s audi o s peaker s ys t e m.
A number of res pons es by t he t el ephone and voice s ys tems are reinforced by mess ages appearing i n the ins trument cl us t er
mes s age center di spl ay. Informat ion is relayed to the mess age cent er from t he phone cont rol module and navigat ion
comput er on t he MOST (media orientat ed s ys t ems t rans port) ring t o t he ICM (informat ion cont rol module).
The ICM (informati on cont rol module) i s the gat eway from t he MOST (media ori ent ated s ys tems trans port ) ri ng t o the
medium s peed CAN. The ICM (informat ion control modul e) trans fers t he mes sage center i nformat ion ont o t he medium
s peed CAN which i s received and process ed for dis play on t he ins t rument clus ter mes s age cente r.
Us ers can pair & dock t heir hands et us ing t hei r phone or t he t ouch s creen. If t here i s no phone already docked wit h t he
s ys t em, a us er can us e t heir phone to search for Bluetoot h Devices. If the vehicl es Bluetooth s ys t em has been s uccess fully
dis covered, t he phone wil l di spl ay "Jaguar" as a device t o pair & connect t o. Us ing t his met hod requires the us er t o enter
t he Jaguar PIN of 1313. Alt ernati vel y, after acces s ing t he phone menu from t he Touch-s creen home menu, sel ect ing
‘Search New’ s earches for the Bluetooth® enabl ed hands et s wit hin range, di spl ays t he ir ident it ies on s creen, and al lows
t he user t o pair and dock the phone ready for use, us ing a random four-di git s ecurit y code di s pl ayed on screen. The s yst em
wil l normall y t ry t o dock (aut omati cal ly) to the las t phone docked, but if a di ffere nt Bluetoot h® enabled phone enters the
car i t wil l become avail abl e on t he s creen’s l is t of hands ets once t he s earch has be en complet ed.
Once a phone is pai red and docked a digit di al s creen i s dis played, incl uding phonebook opti ons . W it h a Bl uet oot h®
compat ibl e hands et and s oft ware vers i on there is the opt ion, through t he s ett ings me nu, t o automat ically downl oad the
cont ents of t he hands et’s phonebook t o the vehicl e s ys t em. Becaus e t here is no indus try s tandard for arranging the
phonebook, t he downloaded li st s from individual hands ets may vary.
Cell phone hands et manufact urers cont inuall y updat e hardware and s oft ware t o s t andard specificati ons laid down by the
Bluet oot h® Special Int eres t Group (SIG), which defi ned how Bluet oot h® woul d work in an aut omoti ve envi ronment.
However, becaus e different makes and models may use different s oft ware, not all hands ets are full y compat ible wit h
Jaguar, but t hrough tes t ing i ndi vi dual handset models Jaguar has produced a lis t of compat ibl e hands et s and the
appropri at e s oft ware vers ion for Jaguar Bl uet ooth® connecti vi ty. Referral to the lis t als o des cri bes how to check the
s oft ware vers i on of each i ndi vidual cell phone manufacturer. This l is t mus t be cons ult ed by us ers , s al es & s ervi ce teams t o
confirm whet her cus tomer's handset s are compat ible or not .
Jaguar is conti nual ly vali dati ng compat ible hands et and software combinati ons . The mos t up-t o-dat e compat ibi lit y l is t wil l
always be avail abl e on-l ine from Jaguar.
• NOTE: To achieve ful l Bl uetooth® hands et functi onal it y it is crucial t hat t he phone s oftware l evel mat ches t he vers ion
detail ed in the lis t of compat ibl e hands et s.
The upgraded hands free profi le of t his s ys tem allows the di spl ay of t he network s ignal st rengt h, net work operat or and
phone bat tery level indicati on on t he vehi cl e dis play. Als o, if appli cable, t he phone hands et wil l s how a "car" or "heads et"
s ymbol t o i ndi cat e i t is i n hands free profil e.
BLUETOOTH®
Bluet oot h® i s a s hort -range RF (radio frequency) t echnology t hat operat es at 2.4 GHz and is capabl e of t rans mit ti ng voice
and data wirel ess l y. The effecti ve range of Bluetoot h® devices is 32 feet (10 meters ) wit h a dat a t ransfer rat e of 1 Mbps .
Bluet oot h® i s es sent iall y a wi rel es s connect ion whi ch operat es wi th the us er's own mobil e hands et , does not have to be
fi xed int o t he car and i s desi gned to funct ion wit hout an external aerial. The hands et can be l ocat ed anywhere wit hin t he
cabi n, even i n a bag, or jacket pocket . It could work from the luggage compart ment , al though t he s ignal could be
compromi sed. The hands et can be charged from t he 12 volt power s ocket or USB (if s upported) whil e in use.
Component Description
Touch-Screen
The Touch-screen communi cat es wit h t he tel ephone control modul e on t he MOST (media orientat ed s ys t ems t rans port) ring
and provides t he pri mary us er int erface and di spl ay of the phone s yst em.

1 The 'not epad' facil it y allows voi ce not es t o be recorded. Nametags for phone di al ing and navigati on locati ons allow the
s ys t em t o be personali zed and there is a hel p and t utori al funct ion to provi de advi ce on us ing t he s ys t em.
The s ys t em al lows t he vehi cl e us er to concent rat e ful ly on drivi ng the vehicle, wi thout any need to di vert t hei r eyes from
t he road ahead in order to check informat ion read out s on t he vehi cle i nst rument panel i nformati on uni ts . The voice control
s ys t em al so feeds back audibl e informat ion t o t he vehi cle us er.
JaguarVoi ce is a key component of t he phone sys tem, al lowi ng hands free control and us e of t he Bluet oot h® enabled
phone.
The s ys t em i s cont rol led by t he voice butt on on t he left hand si de of the st eeri ng wheel . Voi ce commands are pi cked by
t he dedi cat ed mi crophone. W hen givi ng a voice command audible feedback wi ll be heard t hrough t he vehi cl e’s audio
s peakers . Recei ved cal l voice/speech is al so broadcas t on t he vehi cl e audio s peaker s yst em. All s peakers are us ed for
voice/s peech out put wi th the except ion of t he front cent er speaker (only fit ted on t he Bowers & W il ki ns 440W Surround
Sound Sys t em) due to echo return picked up by t he microphone.ItemDescription
JaguarVoice butt on
Efficient operati on of JaguarVoice i s rel iant on t he us er unders t anding some of the foll owi ng basi c operati ng condi ti ons ;
Face forwards, s i tt ing i n a normal driving pos it ionAft er pres si ng t he voi ce but t on, al ways wai t for t he end of the audibl e t one before s peaki ng.Speak nat urall y, as if you were tal ki ng to a pas senger or on the phone wi thout paus i ng bet ween wordsW hen t he s yst em as ks for more i nformati on, always wai t for t he end of the t one before res pondi ngAlways s ay numbers correct lyExces s ive nois e, for example whi le driving wit h windows open, may caus e voice command mis -recognit ion. If i t is
t oo noi s y to use the phone, it is li kel y that voice commands wil l not be recogni zedMos t accents are unders tood wi thout diffi cult y, but if t he sys t em does not recogni ze the command i t wil l res pond "SORRY "
and all ow t wo more att empts to say t he command.
Voice feedback is gi ven in t he s ame l anguage as t he command recogni ti on. It is pos s i bl e to change t he language of t he
s peech control s ys tem.
www.JagDocs.com

Is the iPOD® compatible with the audio input control module?
Yes
GO to A5. No
Advise customer that an alternative device is required A5: CHECK IF THE BYPASS SWITCH ON THE AUXILIARY INPUT UNIT IS ACTIVATED Auxiliary Input Unit - Bypass Switch
1 Check the status of the bypass switch on the auxiliary input unit Is the switch on the auxiliary input unit to the active mode position?
Yes
GO to A6. No
Toggle the switch on the auxiliary input unit to the active mode position. Turn off the ignition and wait two
minutes until the blue LED on the auxiliary input unit is extinguished. Switch ignition back on the complete
the switching process A6: CHECK THE OPERATION OF THE AUXILIARY INPUT UNIT 1 Check the operation of the auxiliary input unit 2 Disconnect the auxiliary input unit from the audio input control module. 3 Ignition switch in position 0. 4 Wait two minutes 5 Install a new auxiliary input unit 6 Ignition switch in position II. Is the iPOD® now working?
Yes
No further action required
No
Check the integrity of the iPOD® dock cable and its connectionsGO to A3.
PINPOINT TEST B : USB/STORAGE DEVICE DOES NOT POWER UP WHEN CONNECTED TEST
CONDITIONS DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS B1: CHECK FOR CORRECT FORMATTING
NOTE: The storage device needs to be configured to FAT16 or FAT32 format 1 Check if the memory stick/storage device is correctly formatted Is the storage device/memory stick configured to the FAT16 or FAT32 format?
Yes
GO to B2. No
Reformat the storage device as required B2: CHECK FOR FAULTY OR INCOMPATIBLE MEMORY STICK/STORAGE DEVICE
NOTE: Test files may be downloaded from Dension website 1 Check the operation of the USB port on the auxiliary input unit by connecting another working USB memory stick/storage device loaded with a compatible test file Does the system operate normally when another USB memory stick/storage device is connected?
Yes
Replace the original USB memory stick/storage device
No
GO to B3. B3: CHECK THE USB EXTENSION CABLE IS OPERATIONAL AND SECURELY INSTALLED 1 Check the integrity of the USB extension cable and its connections

Is the USB extension cable securely pushed into the USB connection port on the audio input control module
Yes
Replace the USB extension cable
No
Secure connections and retest B4: CHECK THE CAPACITY OF THE MEMORY STICK/STORAGE DEVICE
NOTE: The higher the capacity of the memory stick is the longer it takes to register with the audio input control module
and power up. The maximum permitted capacity is 8 Gigabytes 1 Check the storage capacity of the memory stick/storage device does not exceed 8 Gigabytes Is the storage capacity of the memory stick/storage device 8 Gigabytes or less?
Yes
High capacity devices may require longer to register and should be allowed up to two minutes to power up
following connection to the USB port. If memory stick fails to power up after two minutes, suspect a
faulty memory stick GO to B2. or USB extension cable GO to B3. No
The memory stick/storage device exceeds the maximum permitted capacity. Replace with a device with a capacity of 8 Gigabytes or less B5: CHECK IF THE BYPASS SWITCH ON THE AUXILIARY INPUT UNIT IS ACTIVATED Auxiliary Input Unit - Bypass Switch
1 Check the status of the bypass switch on the auxiliary input unit Is the switch on the auxiliary input unit to the active mode position?
Yes
GO to B6. No
Toggle the switch on the auxiliary input unit to the active mode position. Turn off the ignition and wait
two minutes until the blue LED on the auxiliary input unit is extinguished. Switch ignition back on the complete the switching process B6: CHECK THE OPERATION OF THE AUXILIARY INPUT UNIT 1 Check the operation of the auxiliary input unit 2 Disconnect the auxiliary input unit from the audio input control module. 3 Ignition switch in position 0. 4 Wait two minutes 5 Replace auxiliary input unit 6 Ignition switch in position II. Is the USB memory stick/storage device now powering up?
Yes
No further action required
No
Check the integrity of the USB extension cable and its connectionsGO to B3.
PINPOINT TEST C : POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT/POWER HARNESS CHECKS TEST
CONDITIONS DETAILS/RESULTS/ACTIONS C1: CHECK THE INTEGRITY OF PRIMARY POWER SUPPLY 1 Remove the retrofitted audio input control module power harness 2 Reconnect the original power harness Are the standard infotainment components on the vehicle operating normally?
Yes
GO to C2. No
Check power and ground connections to the affected modules. Check for related power or lost
communications DTCs and refer to the relevant DTC index. Check fuses and battery charging system. Rectify as necessary