
Hydrofluorocarbon HFC High tension HT Hydrocarbon HC Idle Air Control IAC
Stepper motor driven device which varies the volume of air by-passing the
throttle to maintain the programmed idle speed Intake Air Temperature IAT Temperature of intake air Inertia Fuel Shut-off IFS
An inertia system that shuts off the fuel supply when activated by pre-determined force limits brought about by (e.g.) collision Input Shaft Speed ISS Indicates input shaft speed Key On, Engine Off KOEO Key On, Engine Running KOER Kilogram (mass) kg Kilogram (force) kgf Kilogram force per square
centimeter kgf/cm²
Kilometer km Kilometer per hour km/h Kilopascal kPa Kilovolt kV Knock Sensor KS
Sensor which detects the onset of detonation, and signals the ECM to
retard the ignition Liquid Crystal Display LCD
Optical digital display system, to which applied voltage varies the way the crystals reflect light, thereby modifying the display Lighting Control Module LCM Light Emitting Diode LED Low Tension LT
Primary circuit of the ignition system, linking the battery to the primary winding in the ignition coil Left-Hand LH Left-Hand Drive LHD Mass Air Flow MAF
System which provides information on the mass flow rate of the intake air
to the engine Manifold Absolute Pressure MAP Absolute pressure of the intake manifold air Manifold Absolute Pressure and Temperature MAPT
Malfunction Indicator Lamp MIL
A required on-board indicator to alert the driver of an emission related
malfunction Meter (measurement) m Metric (screw thread, e.g. M8) M Farad F Unit of electrical capacitance Millimeter mm Millimeter of mercury mmHg Millisecond ms Model year MY Newton N SI unit of force. 1 N = 0.2248 pounds force Newton Meter Nm SI unit of torque. Must not be confused with nm (nanometer) Negative Temperature
Coefficient NTC
Naturally aspirated N/A
Fuelling system using intake air at atmospheric pressure; not supercharged or turbocharged Noise, Vibration and Harshness NVH North American Specification NAS Vehicles for sale in the USA and Canadian markets On-Board Diagnostic OBD
A system that monitors some or all computer input and output control
signals. Signal(s) outside the pre-determined limits imply a fault in the system or a related system Oxides of Nitrogen Nox Oxygen Sensor O2S A sensor which detects oxygen content in the exhaust gases On-board Refuelling Vapour Recovery ORVR
Output State Control OSC Output Shaft Speed OSS Passenger Air Bag Deactivation PAD Pulsed Secondary Air Injection PAIR Passive Anti-Theft System PATS Positive Crankcase Ventilation PCV Parameter Identification PID
An index number referring to a parameter within a module without knowledge of its storage location Park/Neutral Position PNP Pulse Width Modulation PWM Programmable Electronic
Control Units System PECUS
Process whereby a common ECM is programmed on the production line to
suit the market requirements of a particular vehicle

General Information - Health and Safety Precautions
Description and Operation Published: 11-May-2011
The Health and Safety Precautions subsection refers to some commonly used chemicals and materials, hazards associated with
their use, and safety measures to be taken. Some of these chemicals may be included in the following list either in their own
right or as an ingredient in a sealer or adhesive.
Acids and Alkalis
See also Battery Acids.
e.g. caustic soda, sulphuric acid.
Used in batteries and cleaning materials.
Irritant and corrosive to the skin, eyes, nose and throat. Cause burns. Can destroy ordinary protective clothing.
Avoid splashes to the skin, eyes and clothing. Wear suitable protective impervious apron, gloves and goggles. Do not breath
mists.
Ensure access to eye wash bottles, shower and soap are readily available for splashing accidents.
Display Eye Hazard sign.
Air Bags
See also Fire, Chemical Materials - General
Highly flammable, explosive – observe No Smoking policy.
Used as a part of the Supplemental Restraint System (SRS), mounted in various positions around the vehicle.
The inflator contains a high-energetic propellant which, when ignited, produces a VERY HOT GAS (2500° C).
The gas generant used in air bags is Sodium Azide. This material is hermetically sealed in the module and is completely
consumed during deployment. No attempt should be made to open an air bag inflator as this will lead to the risk of exposure
to Sodium Azide. If a gas generator is ruptured, full protective clothing should be worn when dealing with the spillage.
After normal deployment, gloves and safety goggles should be worn during the handling process.
Deployed air bags should be disposed of in a plastic bag in accordance with local regulations at an approved chemical waste
site.
Following any direct contact with gas generant.
Wash affected areas thoroughly with water
Seek medical assistance if necessary
WARNING: To avoid accidental deployment and possible personal injury, the backup power supply must be depleted
before repairing or replacing any SRS components. To deplete the backup power supply energy, disconnect the battery negative
cable and wait for one minute. Failure to follow this instruction may result in personal injury.
NOTE: The storage, transportation, disposal and/or recycling of air bag modules must be carried out in accordance with all
applicable federal, state and local regulations including, but not limited to, those governing building and fire codes,
environmental protection, occupational health and safety and transportation.
Air Bags - Do's
Do store in an air bag safe when not installed to the vehicle.
Do store modules in an upright position
Do keep modules dry
Do carry modules with the cover side pointing away from the body
Do place modules with their cover side upwards
Do carefully inspect modules for damage
Do stand to one side when connecting modules
Do make sure all test equipment is properly calibrated and maintained
Do wash you hands after handling deployed air bags
Do wear safety glasses when carrying out repairs to the SRS or when handling an air bag module
Only carry out a system test with the air bag modules fully installed
Do inspect the condition of the impact sensor mounting bracket and sensor flylead if the vehicle has been involved in
an impact. Replace if damaged, even if there has been no deployment.
Air Bags - Do Nots
Do not store highly flammable material together with modules or gas generators
Do not store gas generators at temperatures exceeding 80° C

4. Components or assemblies displaying this symbol give warning that the component contains a corrosive substance. See
Acids and Alkalis in this subsection.
5. Vehicles displaying the caution circle with a deleted lighted match symbol, caution against the use of naked lights or
flames within the immediate vicinity due to the presence of highly flammable or explosive liquids or vapors. See Fire in
this subsection.
6. All vehicles with the passenger air bag installed from the factory have a warning sticker attached to the instrument
panel, prohibiting the use of rear facing child seats in the front seating position. Failure to follow this instruction may
result in personal injury.
White Spirit
See Solvents.
Safety Precautions
WARNINGS:
Working on the fuel system results in fuel and fuel vapor being present in the atmosphere. Fuel vapor is extremely
flammable, hence great care must be taken whilst working on the fuel system. Adhere strictly to the following precautions:
Do not smoke in the work area
Display 'no smoking' signs around the area
Disconnect the battery before working on the fuel system
Do not connect/disconnect electrical circuits, use electrical equipment or other tools or engage in working practices
which in any way may result in the production of sparks
Ensure that a CO² fire extinguisher is close at hand
Ensure that dry sand is available to soak up any fuel spillage
Empty fuel using suitable fire proof equipment into an authorized explosion proof container

Do not empty fuel while working in a workshop or a pit
Ensure that working area is well ventilated
Ensure that any work on the fuel system is only carried out by experienced and well qualified maintenance personnel
Ensure that fume extraction equipment is used where appropriate
Fume extraction equipment must be in operation when solvents are used e.g. Trichloroethane, white spirit, sbp3,
methylene chloride, perchlorethylene. Do not smoke in the vicinity of volatile degreasing agents.
Whenever possible, use a ramp or pit whilst working beneath a vehicle, in preference to jacking. Position chocks at the wheels
as well as applying the parking brake. Never rely on a jack alone to support a vehicle. Use axle stands, or blocks carefully
placed at the jacking points, to provide a rigid location. Check that any lifting equipment used has adequate capacity and is
fully serviceable. Ensure that a suitable form of fire extinguisher is conveniently located. When using electrical tools and
equipment, inspect the power lead for damage and check that it is properly earthed. Disconnect the earth (grounded) terminal
of the vehicle battery. Do not disconnect any pipes of the air conditioning refrigeration system unless you are trained and
instructed to do so. A refrigerant is used which can cause blindness if allowed to come into contact with the eyes. Ensure that
adequate ventilation is provided when volatile degreasing agents are being used.
Adhere strictly to handling and safety instructions given on containers and labels. Keep oils and solvents away from naked
flames and other sources of ignition. Do not apply heat in an attempt to free seized nuts or fittings; as well as causing
damage to protective coatings, there is a risk of damage from stray heat to electronic equipment and brake lines. Do not leave
tools, equipment, spilt oil etc. around the work area. Wear protective overalls and use barrier cream when necessary.
Environmental Protection
In some countries it is illegal to pour used oil onto the ground, down sewers or drains, or into water courses. The burning of
used engine oil in small space heaters or boilers is not recommended unless emission control equipment is installed. Dispose
of used oil through authorized waste disposal contractors, to licensed waste disposal sites or to the waste oil reclamation
trade. If in doubt, contact the Local Authority for advice on disposal facilities.

General Information - Standard Workshop Practices
Description and Operation
Protecting the Vehicle Published: 04-Jul-2014
Always install covers to protect the fenders before commencing work in the engine compartment. Always install the interior
protection kit, wear clean overalls and wash hands or wear gloves before working inside the vehicle. Avoid spilling hydraulic
fluid, antifreeze or battery acid on the paintwork. In the event of spillage, wash off with water immediately. Use polythene
sheets in the luggage compartment to protect carpets. Always use the recommended service tool, or a satisfactory equivalent,
where specified. Protect temporarily exposed screw threads by replacing nuts or installing caps.
Vehicle in Workshop
When working on a vehicle in the workshop always make sure that:
The parking brake is applied or the wheels are securely chocked to prevent the vehicle moving forwards or backwards
If the engine is to be run, there is adequate ventilation, or an extraction hose to remove exhaust fumes is installed
There is adequate room to jack up the vehicle and remove the wheels, if necessary
Fender covers are always installed if any work is to be carried out in the engine compartment
The battery is disconnected if working on the engine, underneath the vehicle, or if the vehicle is jacked up
CAUTION: When electric arc welding on a vehicle, always disconnect the generator wiring to prevent the possibility of a
surge of current causing damage to the internal components of the generator.
If using welding equipment on the vehicle, ensure a suitable fire extinguisher is readily available.
Screw Threads
Damaged nuts, bolts and screws must always be discarded. Attempting to recut or repair damaged threads with a tap
or die impairs the strength and fit of the threads and is not recommended.
NOTES:
During certain repair operations, it may be necessary to remove traces of thread locking agents using a tap. Where this
is necessary, the instruction to do so will appear in the relevant operation and it is essential that a tap of the correct size and
thread is used.
New Taptite bolts when used cut their own threads on the first application.
Some bolts are coated with a thread locking agent and unless stated otherwise, they must not be reused. New bolts
having the same part number as the original must always be installed. When nuts or bolts are to be discarded, the
repair operation and relevant torque chart will include an instruction to that effect. Do not use proprietary thread
locking agents as they may not meet the specification required. See also Encapsulated ('Patched') Bolts and Screws.
Always make sure that replacement nuts and bolts are at least equal in strength to those that they are replacing.
Castellated nuts must not be loosened to accept a split pin except in recommended cases when this forms part of an
adjustment.
Do not allow oil or grease to enter blind holes, the hydraulic action resulting from tightening the bolt or stud can split
the housing and also give a false torque reading.
Always tighten a nut, bolt or screw to the specified torque figure, damaged or corroded threads can give a false torque
reading.
Nut and bolt loosening and tightening sequences, where given, must ALWAYS be followed. Distortion of components or
faulty sealing of joints will result if the sequences are not followed. Where an instruction is given to tighten in stages,
these stages must be adhered to; do not attempt to combine stages particularly where certain stages involve
tightening by degrees.
To check or re-tighten a fixing to a specified torque, first loosen a quarter of a turn, then retighten to the specified
torque figure.
Unless instructed otherwise, do not lubricate bolt or nut threads prior to installing.
Where it is stated that bolts and screws may be reused, the following procedures must be carried out:
Check that threads are undamaged.
Remove all traces of locking agent from the threads.
CAUTION: DO NOT use a wire brush; take care that threads are not damaged.
Make sure that threads are clean and free from oil or grease.
Apply the specified locking agent to the bolt threads.

Supplementary Restraint System (SRS) Precautions
WARNING: Do not install rear facing child seats in the front passenger seat.
The SRS contains components which are potentially hazardous to service personnel if not handled correctly. The following
guidelines and precautions are intended to alert personnel to potential sources of danger and emphasise the importance of
ensuring the integrity of the SRS components installed to the vehicle.
WARNING: The following precautions MUST be adhered to when working on the SRS system:
The correct procedures must always be used when working on SRS components.
Persons working on the SRS system must be fully trained and have been issued with the safety guidelines.
The airbag modules contain extremely flammable and hazardous compounds. Contact with water, acids or heavy
metals may produce harmful or explosive results. Do not dismantle, incinerate or bring into contact with electricity
before the unit has been deployed.
Always replace a seat belt assembly that has withstood the strain of a severe vehicle impact or if the webbing
shows signs of fraying.
Always disconnect the vehicle battery before carrying out any electric welding on a vehicle installed with an SRS
system.
CAUTION: Do not expose airbag modules or seat belt pre-tensioners to temperatures exceeding 85° C (185° F).
It should be noted that these precautions are not restricted to operations performed when servicing the SRS system. The same
care should be exercised when working on ancillary systems and components located in the vicinity of SRS components; these
include but are not limited to:
Steering wheel airbag, rotary coupler.
Passenger front airbag.
Head airbag modules - front and rear.
Seat belt pre-tensioners.
SRS harnesses, link leads and connectors.
Side (thorax) air bags.
Making the system safe
Before working on or in the vicinity of SRS components, make sure the system is rendered safe by performing the following
operations:
Remove the ignition key.
Disconnect battery, earth lead first.
Wait 2 minutes for the SRS power circuit to discharge before commencing work.
NOTE: The SRS uses energy reserve capacitors to keep the system active in the event of electrical supply failure under
crash conditions. It is necessary to allow the capacitors sufficient time to discharge (2 minutes) in order to avoid the risk of
accidental deployment.
Installation
In order to make sure system integrity, it is essential that the SRS system is regularly checked and maintained so that it is
ready for effective operation in the event of a collision. Carefully inspect SRS components before installation. Do not install a
part that shows signs of being dropped or improperly handled, such as dents, cracks or deformation.
WARNING: The integrity of the SRS systems is critical for safety reasons. Make sure the following precautions are always
adhered to:
Do not install accessories or other objects to trim panels which cover ITS airbags.
Never install used SRS components from another vehicle or attempt to repair an SRS component.
When repairing an SRS system, only use genuine new parts.
Never apply electrical power to an SRS component unless instructed to do so as part of an approved test
procedure.
Special fixings are necessary for installing an airbag module – do not use other fixings and make sure that all
fixings are tightened to the correct torque.
Always use new fixings when replacing an SRS component.
CAUTIONS:
Take care not to trap airbag modules when installing interior trim components.
Make sure SRS components are not contaminated by oil or grease.
NOTES:
Following seat belt pre-tensioner deployment, the seat belts can still be used as conventional seat belts but will need to

Deployment procedures and precautions as detailed in this manual should be strictly adhered to. Only personnel who have
undergone the appropriate training should undertake deployment of airbag and pre-tensioner modules. The following
precautions must be complied with:
Only use deployment equipment approved for the intended purpose.
Deployment of airbag / pre-tensioner modules must be performed in a well ventilated area which has been designated
for the purpose.
Make sure airbag / pre-tensioner modules are not damaged or ruptured before attempting to deploy.
Where local legislation exists, notify the relevant authorities of intention to deploy airbag and pretensioner units.
When deploying airbag pre-tensioner units, make sure that all personnel are at least 15 metres (45 feet) away from the
deployment zone.
Make sure deployment tool is connected correctly, in compliance with the instructions detailed in the SRS section of this
manual. In particular, make sure deployment tool is NOT connected to battery supply before connecting to airbag
module connector.
When deploying seat belt pre-tensioners, make sure pre-tensioner unit is secured correctly to the seat.
When removing deployed airbag modules and pre-tensioner units, wear protective clothing. Use gloves and seal
deployed units in a plastic bag.
Following deployment of any component of the SRS system within the vehicle, all SRS components must be replaced.
DO NOT reuse or salvage any parts of the SRS system.
Do not lean over an airbag module when connecting deployment equipment.
If a vehicle is to be scrapped, undeployed airbag modules and pre-tensioner units must be manually deployed. In this case
airbags can be deployed in the vehicle. Before deployment, make sure the airbag module is secure within its correct mounting
position. Deployment of the driver's airbag in the vehicle may damage the steering wheel; if the vehicle is not being scrapped,
deploy the module outside of the vehicle.
SRS Component Replacement Policy
CAUTIONS:
The Restraints Control Module (RCM) will log a crash fault after every impact which is severe enough to cause airbag
deployment. It is possible to have three crashes/impacts logged after one event where, for example, a front, side and
rollover has occurred. After the third fault is logged, the SRS warning lamp will be illuminated and the RCM must be
installed. After any airbag deployment a new RCM must be installed.
The SRS side impact sensor must be replaced if there are any signs of physical damage or if the restraints control module
(RCM) is registering a fault.
The following information details the policy for replacement of SRS components as a result of a vehicle accident.
Impacts which do not deploy the airbags or pre-tensioners
Check for structural damage in the area of the impact paying particular attention to bumper armatures, longitudinals and
bracketry.
Impacts which deploy the airbags or pre-tensioners
The replacement and inspection policy is dependent on the type and severity of the crash condition. The following guidelines
are the minimum that should be exercised as a result of the deployment of specific SRS components.
Check for structural damage in the area of impact paying particular attention to bumper armatures, longitudinals and
bracketry.
Front Airbag Deployment - Driver and Passenger
CAUTION: If the front airbags are deployed, the following components must be replaced:
Driver airbag module
Passenger airbag module
Fly leads (where applicable) connecting front airbag modules to SRS harness
Front seat belt buckle pre-tensioner
Rear seat belt pre-tensioners - if installed
Driver's seat belt retractor - if installed
Rotary coupler
Any front impact sensors that have been physically damaged or if a fault is being registered
Restraints control module (RCM) if the three crashes/impacts have been stored
Additionally, the following items must be inspected for damage and replaced as necessary:
Front passenger's seat belt retractor and webbing, tongue latching function, 'D' loop and body anchorage point
Rear seat belt buckles, webbing, buckle covers, body anchorage points and tongue latching function
Fascia moulding adjacent to passenger airbag module
Steering wheel
Front seat frames and head restraints
Steering column - if adjustment is lost or if there are signs of collapse
Seat belt height adjusters

7
No grinding Warning symbols - Health and safety and component damage
The warning symbols are used to advise on hazardous conditions to avoid or at least reduce possible component damage and
health and safety risks.
Item
Description 1
Hazardous voltage/Electrical shock/Electrocution 2
Fire Hazard/Highly flammable 3
Burn hazard/Hot surface 4
Automatic start-up 5
Toxic 6
Explosive material 7
Battery hazard 8
Corrosive material 9
Lifting hazard