ENGINE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page
ENGINE
DESCRIPTION..........................2
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - COMPRESSION
TESTING ENGINE......................3
STANDARD PROCEDURE - CYLINDER
LEAK DOWN TEST.....................3
STANDARD PROCEDURE - DETERMINING
CYLINDER PRESSURE LOSS.............4
REMOVAL
REMOVAL - ENGINE COVER.............4
REMOVAL............................5
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION - ENGINE COVER..........9
INSTALLATION........................9
SPECIFICATIONS - TORQUE
SPECIFICATIONS.....................11
SPECIAL TOOLS.......................17
AIR CLEANER ELEMENT
REMOVAL.............................21
INSTALLATION.........................21
AIR CLEANER HOUSING
REMOVAL.............................21
INSTALLATION.........................22
CYLINDER HEAD
DESCRIPTION.........................22
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - CYLINDER
HEAD BOLT INSPECTION...............22
STANDARD PROCEDURE - MEASURE
CYLINDER HEAD SURFACE.............22
REMOVAL
REMOVAL - CYLINDER HEAD............23
REMOVAL - CYLINDER HEAD FRONT
COVER.............................25
REMOVAL - CYLINDER HEAD GUIDE RAIL . . 26
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION - CYLINDER HEAD........26
INSTALLATION - CYLINDER HEAD FRONT
COVER.............................28
INSTALLATION - CYLINDER HEAD GUIDE
RAIL...............................28
CAMSHAFT(S)
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - CHECKING
CAMSHAFT POSITION.................28
STANDARD PROCEDURE - INSPECTING
TAPPET CLEARANCE..................30
REMOVAL.............................30
INSTALLATION.........................32CYLINDER HEAD COVER(S)
REMOVAL.............................33
INSTALLATION.........................34
VALVE STEM SEALS
DESCRIPTION.........................34
VALVE SPRINGS
REMOVAL
REMOVAL - VALVE SPRINGS............35
REMOVAL - VALVES...................36
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION - VALVE SPRINGS........36
INSTALLATION - VALVES...............37
ENGINE BLOCK
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - REPLACING
ENGINE CORE AND OIL GALLERY PLUGS . . 37
STANDARD PROCEDURE - MEASURING
CYLINDER BORES....................38
CRANKSHAFT
DESCRIPTION.........................39
STANDARD PROCEDURE - MEASURE
CRANKSHAFT AND BLOCK JOURNALS....39
REMOVAL.............................40
INSTALLATION.........................40
CRANKSHAFT OIL SEAL - REAR
REMOVAL.............................41
INSTALLATION.........................42
CRANKSHAFT OIL SEAL - FRONT
REMOVAL.............................42
INSTALLATION.........................43
FLYWHEEL
REMOVAL.............................43
INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION.......................44
INSTALLATION - CRANKSHAFT LOCK.....44
PISTON & CONNECTING ROD
DESCRIPTION.........................45
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - CHECKING AND
REPAIRING CONNECTING RODS.........46
STANDARD PROCEDURE - MEASURING
PISTON PROTRUSION.................47
REMOVAL.............................47
INSTALLATION.........................49
PISTON RINGS
STANDARD PROCEDURE - PISTON RING
FITTING.............................52
VIBRATION DAMPER
REMOVAL.............................53
INSTALLATION.........................54
VAENGINE 9 - 1
DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATION
Engine 2.7L CDI
Engine Description 5 Cylinder In-Line En-
gine With 4-Valve Tech-
nology
Air Intake Turbo-Charged Engine
with Charge Air Cooling
Fuel Injection System 2 nd. Generation Com-
mon Rail Direct Injection
(CDI)
Fuel Diesel
Firing Order 1-2-4-5-3
Rated Output 154 HP at 3800 RPM
Torque 243 ft. lbs. at 1600-2400
RPM
Maximum Speed 4800 RPM
Compression Ratio 18:1
Bore/Stroke 3.46/3.48
Eff. Displacement 2688 cm3
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - COMPRESSION
TESTING ENGINE
(1) Warm up engine to operating temperature
(approx. 80 ÉC, 176ÉF).
(2) Shut off engine.
(3) Remove engine cover (Refer to 9 - ENGINE -
REMOVAL).
(4) Remove glow plugs (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/
IGNITION CONTROL/GLOW PLUG - REMOVAL).
(5) Crank engine several times with the starter to
eliminate combustion residues in the cylinders.
(6) Insert compression tester adapter #8927 (Refer
to 9 - ENGINE - SPECIAL TOOLS) with check valve
installed into glow plug hole of cylinder to be tested.
(7) Connect compression tester hose adapter #9295
to compression gauge and test compression pressure
by cranking engine with starter for at least 8 revolu-
tions.
(8) Carry out test procedure at the remaining cyl-
inders in the same way.
(9) Compare pressure readings obtained with the
specified pressures. If the pressure reading is below
the minimum compression pressure or if the permis-
sible difference between the individual cylinders is
exceeded. Refer to cylinder leak down test.
(10) Remove compression tester and adapter from
cylinder head.
(11) Install glow plugs (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/
IGNITION CONTROL/GLOW PLUG - INSTALLA-
TION).(12) Install engine cover (Refer to 9 - ENGINE -
INSTALLATION).
COMPRESSION SPECIFICATIONS
Maximum Compression 29-35 bar (420-507 psi)
Minimum Compression 18bar (261 psi)
Permissible Difference
Between Cylinders 3bar ( 44 psi)
STANDARD PROCEDURE - CYLINDER LEAK
DOWN TEST
(1) Warm engine to operating temperature.
WARNING: DO NOT OPEN COOLING SYSTEM
UNLESS COOLANT TEMPERATURE IS BELOW 90C
(194ÉF). RISK OF INJURY TO SKIN AND EYES AS A
RESULT OF SCALDING WITH HOT COOLANT
WHICH SPLASHES OUT. RISK OF POISONING
FROM SWALLOWING COOLANT. OPEN CAP
SLOWLY AND RELEASE PRESSURE. STORE COOL-
ANT IN PROPER CONTAINERS ONLY. WEAR PRO-
TECTIVE GLOVES, CLOTHING AND EYE
PROTECTION.
NOTE: Turn cap carefully as far as first detent,
release pressure, then unscrew cap.
(2) Open cooling system cap at coolant recover
pressure container.
(3) Remove engine cover (Refer to 9 - ENGINE -
REMOVAL).
(4) Unscrew oil filler cap.
(5) Remove glow plugs (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/
IGNITION CONTROL/GLOW PLUG - REMOVAL).
NOTE: Crank engine at crankshaft in direction of
rotation of the engine (clockwise).
(6) Position cylinder to be tested to ignition Top
Dead Center (DTC).
NOTE: Calibrate cylinder leak down tester and
remove check valve in screw-in fitting.
(7) Connect cylinder leak down tester and follow
INSPECTING Instruction.
INSPECTING
NOTE: If crankshaft rotates, install retaining lock for
crankshaft/ring gear.
(1) Pressurize cylinder with compressed air and
read off pressure loss at cylinder leak tester. If exces-
sive pressure loss exists, determine possible cause
(Refer to 9 - ENGINE - STANDARD PROCEDURE).
VAENGINE 9 - 3
SPECIAL TOOLS
SPECIAL TOOL CROSS REFERENCE CHART
MB
TOOL #MILLER
TOOL #DESCRIPTION
N/A 5069-2 FUEL GAUGE
611 589
04 63 008927 COMPRESSION TESTER
ADAPTER
611 589
03 15 008929 CAMSHAFT LOCKING
PINS
611 589
00 40 008930 COUNTERHOLDER
N/A 9525 TIMING CHAIN RETAINER
601 589
02 40 008932 CRANKSHAFT LOCK
603 589
00 40 008934 COUNTERHOLDER
N/A 8938A EXTRACTION CLAW
611 589
00 14 008936 FRONT CRANKSHAFT
SEAL INSTALLER
N/A 8938 EXTRACTION CLAW
613 589
00 33 008940 VIBRATION DAMPER RE-
MOVER
N/A 8941 SLIDE HAMMER
611 589
00 15 008942 OIL JET INSTALLER
611 589
01 14 008944 REAR MAIN SEAL IN-
STALLER
N/A 9312-1 CHAIN SEPARATOR / RIV-
ETING TOOL
9312-4 THRUST PIECE
N/A 9312-3 PRESSING SCREW
602 589
02 40 008951 ASSEMBLY LINKS
N/A 9312-5
THRU 12ASSEMBLY INSERTS
N/A 9285 FUEL LINE WRENCH
N/A 9286 GLOW PLUG PLIERS
N/A 9295 COMPRESSION HOSE
ADAPTER
111 5 8 9
25 61 009307 VALVE SERVICE TOOLS
N/A 8534-16 ENGINE SUPPORT FIX-
TURE ADAPTERS
N/A 9308 ENGINE LIFTING FIX-
TURE
N/A 9525 TIMING CHAIN GUIDE
N/A 9534 ADAPTOR
N/A 9539 FUEL LINE PLIERS
#8927 COMPRESSION TESTER ADAPTER
#8929 CAMSHAFT LOCKING PIN
VAENGINE 9 - 17
Ring Gap Orientation
²Position the gaps on the piston as shown (Fig.
46).
²Oil spacer - Gap on center line of piston skirt.
²Oil rails - gap 180É apart on centerline of piston
pin bore.
²No. 2 Compression ring - Gap 120É from top oil
rail gap.
²No. 1 Compression ring - Gap 120É from No. 2
compression ring gap.
VIBRATION DAMPER
REMOVAL
NOTE: If vehicle is equipped with the additional air
conditioner compressor, you must first remove the
coolant module and additional A/C belt then use
damper puller # 9544.
(1) Disconnect negative battery cable.
(2) Remove accessory drive belt (Refer to 7 -
COOLING/ACCESSORY DRIVE/DRIVE BELTS -
REMOVAL).
(3) Install retaining lock for crankshaft/ring gear
(Fig. 47).
(4) Remove crankshaft center bolt and washer
(Fig. 47).
NOTE: If hub of belt pulley/vibration damper is
tight, use puller # 8940 to remove. DO NOT tilt
puller when in use. Grooves of the puller must
mesh fully into the slots of the belt pulley.
Fig. 45 Compression Ring Installation
1 - COMPRESSION RING
2 - RING EXPANDER RECOMMENDED
Fig. 46 Ring Gap Orientation
1 - TOP COMPRESSION RING
2 - BOTTOM COMPRESSION RING
3 - TOP OIL CONTROL RAIL
4 - OIL RAIL SPACER
5 - BOTTOM OIL CONTROL RAIL
6 - IMAGINARY LINE PARALLEL TO PISTON PIN
7 - IMAGINARY LINE THROUGH CENTER OF PISTON SKIRT
VAENGINE 9 - 53
INSTALLATION - HIGH PRESSURE LINES
WARNING: NO SPARKS, OPEN FLAMES OR SMOK-
ING. RISK OF POISONING FROM INHALING AND
SWALLOWING FUEL. RISK OF INJURY TO EYES
AND SKIN FROM CONTACT WITH FUEL. POUR
FUELS ONLY INTO SUITABLE AND APPROPRI-
ATELY MARKED CONTAINERS. WEAR PROTECTIVE
CLOTHING.
(1) Loosen the fuel rail mounting bolts to install
lines free of stress.
CAUTION: Inspect sealing cone at lines. Replace if
compression points exist. Ensure lines are exactly
located.
(2) Position and install fuel lines (Fig. 3). Tighten
to 22N´m (195 lbs. in.) using a wrench to counterhold
at threaded connection.
(3) Tighten fuel rail to 14N´m (124 lbs. in.).
(4) Connect negative battery cable.
CAUTION: Care must be taken when installing the
engine cover. Assure the proper routing of the fuel
injector return fuel hose to the banjo bolt fitting in
the left rear corner of the cover. Failure to do so
may pinch or damage the hose causing fuel leakage
or a driveability concern.(5) Start engine, run for a few minutes, turn
engine off and inspect for leaks (Refer to 14 - FUEL
SYSTEM - WARNING), (Refer to 14 - FUEL SYS-
TEM - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING).
FUEL RAIL PRESSURE SEN-
SOR
DESCRIPTION
The fuel rail pressure sensor is attached to the
front of the fuel rail. The sensor supplies the current
fuel rail pressure to the ECM.
OPERATION
Non-constant fuel system pressure influences the
position of a diaphragm inside the sensor. This
results in a variation in the electrical resistance. The
fuel rail pressure sensor supplies the appropriate
voltage signal to the ECM.
REMOVAL
(1) Disconnect the negative battery cable.
(2) Disconnect the sensor wiring harness connector
(Fig. 4).
NOTE: Place a shop towel underneath the sensor to
capture any fuel spillage.
(3) Unscrew the sensor and discard the seal.
Fig. 3 FUEL RAIL
1 - CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR
2 - FUEL INJECTOR
3 - FUEL INJECTOR VALLEY DRAIN
4 - FUEL RAIL PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE
5 - BANJO BOLT
6 - FUEL RAIL
7 - HIGH PRESSURE FUEL LINE
Fig. 4 FUEL RAIL PRESSURE SENSOR
1 - FUEL RAIL PRESSURE SENSOR
2 - FUEL RAIL
3 - COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR
14 - 12 FUEL DELIVERYVA