2002 ISUZU AXIOM width

6A±3
ENGINE MECHANICAL (6VE1 3.5L)
General Description
Engine Cleanliness And Care
An automobile engine is a combination of many
machined, honed, polished and lapped surfaces with
tolerances that are measured in the thousandths of a
millimeter (ten thousandths of an inch). Accordingly,
when any internal engine parts are serviced, care and
cleanliness are important. Throughout this section, it
should be understood that proper cleaning and protection
of machined surfaces and friction areas is part of the
repair procedure. This is considered standard shop
practice even if not specifically stated.

A liberal coating of engine oil should be applied to all
friction areas during assembly to protect and lubricate
the surfaces on initial operation.

Whenever valve train components, pistons, piston
rings, connecting rods, rod bearings, and crankshaft
journal bearings are removed for service, they should
be retained in order.

At the time of installation, they should be installed in
the same locations and with the same mating
surfaces as when removed.

Battery cables should be disconnected before any
major work is performed on the engine. Failure to
disconnect cables may result in damage to wire
harness or other electrical parts.

The six cylinders of this engine are identified by
numbers; Right side cylinders 1, 3 and 5, Left side
cylinders 2, 4 and 6, as counted from crankshaft
pulley side to flywheel side.
General Information on Engine Service
The following information on engine service should be
noted carefully, as it is important in preventing damage
and contributing to reliable engine performance.

When raising or supporting the engine for any reason,
do not use a jack under the oil pan. Due to the small
clearance between the oil pan and the oil pump
strainer, jacking against the oil pan may cause
damage to the oil pick±up unit.

The 12±volt electrical system is capable of damaging
circuits. When performing any work where electrical
terminals could possibly be grounded, the ground
cable of the battery should be disconnected at the
battery.

Any time the intake air duct or air cleaner is removed,
the intake opening should be covered. This will
protect against accidental entrance of foreign
material into the cylinder which could cause extensive
damage when the engine is started.
Cylinder Block
The cylinder block is made of aluminum die±cast casting
for 75
V±type six cylinders. It has a rear plate integrated
structure and employs a deep skirt. The cylinder liner is
cast and the liner inner diameter and crankshaft journal
diameter are classified into grades. The crankshaft is
supported by four bearings of which width is different
between No.2, No.3 and No.1, No.4; the width of No.3
bearing on the body side is different in order to support the
thrust bearing. The bearing cap is made of nodular cast
iron and each bearing cap uses four bolts and two side
bolts.
Cylinder Head
The cylinder head, made of aluminum alloy casting
employs a pent±roof type combustion chamber with a
spark plug in the center. The intake and exhaust valves
are placed in V±type design. The ports are cross±flow
type.
Valve Train
Intake and exhaust camshaft on both banks are driven
with a camshaft drive gear by the timing belt. The valves
are operated by the camshaft and the valve clearance is
adjusted to select suitable thickness shim.
Intake Manifold
The intake manifold system is composed of the aluminum
cast common chamber and intake manifold attached with
six fuel injectors.
Exhaust Manifold
The exhaust manifold is made of nodular cast iron.
Pistons and Connecting Rods
Aluminum pistons are used after selecting the grade that
meets the cylinder bore diameter. Each piston has two
compression rings and one oil ring. The piston pin made
of chromium steel is offset 1mm toward the thrust side,
and the thrust pressure of piston to the cylinder wall varies
gradually as the piston travels. The connecting rods are
made of forged steel. The connecting rod bearings are
graded for correct size selection.
Crankshaft and Bearings
The crankshaft is made of Ductile cast±iron. Pins and
journals are graded for correct size selection for their
bearing.

6A±56
ENGINE MECHANICAL (6VE1 3.5L)
Valve Seat
1. Measure the protrusion of the valve stem when a new
valve is installed in the cylinder head. If the protrusion
of the valve stem exceeds the limit, replace the valve
seat insert or the cylinder head assembly.
Protrusion of valve stem
Intake
Standard: 39.32 mm (1.5480 in)
Limit: 39.47 mm (1.5539 in)
Exhaust
Standard: 39.3 mm (1.5472 in)
Limit: 39.45 mm (1.5531 in)
014RW047
2. Measure the valve seat contact width. Make the
necessary corrections if the seat contact surface is
damaged or rough or if the contact width wear
exceeds the limit.
Valve seat contact width
Standard: 1.1 mm (0.0433 in)
Limit: 1.7 mm (0.0669 in)
014RS011
Contact Surface Angle on Valve Seat on
Valve
1. Measure contact surface angle on valve seat.
2. If the measured value exceeds the limit, replace
valve, valve guide and valve seat as a set.
Valve contact surface angle: 45

014RS012
Valve Seat Insert Correction
1. Remove the carbon from the valve seat insert
surface.
2. Use a valve cutter to minimize scratches and other
rough areas. This will bring the contact width back to
the standard value. Remove only the scratches and
rough areas. Do not cut away too much. Take care not
to cut away unblemished areas of the valve seat
surface.
Valve seat angle degree: 90

014RW059

6A±57
ENGINE MECHANICAL (6VE1 3.5L)
3. Apply abrasive compound to the valve seat insert
surface.
4. Insert the valve into the valve guide.
5. Turn the valve while lapping it to fit the valve seat
insert.
6. Check that the valve contact width is correct.
7. Check that the valve seat insert surface is in contact
with the entire circumference of the valve.
014RS014
Valve Seat Insert Replacement
1. Arc weld the rod at several points. Be careful not to
damage the aluminum section.
2. Allow the rod to cool for a few minutes. This will cause
the valve seat to shrink.
3. Strike the rod and pull it out.
014RS015
4. Carefully clean the valve seat press±fit section on the
cylinder head side.
5. Heat the press±fit section with steam or some other
means to cause expansion. Cool the valve seat with
dry ice or some other means.
6. Insert the press±fit section into the valve seat
horizontally.
Standard fitting interference: 0.14 mm±0.09 mm
(0.0055 in±0.0035 in)
7. After insertion, use a seat grinder to grind finish the
seating face. Carefully note the seating angle, the
contact width, and the depression.
8. Lap the valve and the seat.
Reassembly
1. Install valve guide (1) to cylinder head. Apply engine
oil to the outside of the valve guide. Using valve guide
replacer J±42899, drive in a new valve guide from the
camshaft side.
2. Install oil controller (3) and spring lower seat (2).
Using oil controller replacer J±37281, drive in a new
oil controller.
014RW058

6A±69
ENGINE MECHANICAL (6VE1 3.5L)
9. Install main bearing caps, oil gallery and crank case
bolts in the order shown, and tighten each bolt to the
specified torque.
NOTE: Do not apply engine oil to the crank case side
bolts.
Main bearing cap bolts.
Torque: 39 N´m (29lb ft)
Oil gallery fixing bolts.
Torque:
1st step: 29 N´m (22 lb ft)
2nd step 55
~ 65

Crank case side bolts
Torque : 39 N´m (29lb ft)
NOTE: Do not allow the crankshaft to rotate.
015RS006
10. Remove the main bearing caps in the sequence
shown in the illustration.
015RS004
11. Measure the plastigage width and determine the oil
clearance. If the oil clearance exceeds the specified
limit, replace the main bearings as a set and/or
replace the crankshaft.
Standard : 0.019 mm±0.043 mm
(0.0007 in±0.0017 in)
Limit : 0.08 mm (0.0031 in)
015RS008
12. Clean the plastigage from the bearings and the
crankshaft.
Remove the crankshaft and the bearings.
Crankshaft Inspection
Inspect the surface of the crankshaft journal and crank
pins for excessive wear and damage. Inspect the oil seal
fitting surfaces for excessive wear and damage. Inspect
the oil ports for obstructions.

6A±74
ENGINE MECHANICAL (6VE1 3.5L)
6. Cylinder block side bolts (6)

Tighten all the bolts to the specified torque in the
order shown.
NOTE: Do not apply engine oil to the crank case side
bolts.
Torque: 39 N´m (29 lb ft)
012RS001
7. Install oil pump assembly (5), refer to ªOil pumpº in
this manual.
8. Install oil strainer and O-ring (4).
9. Install oil pipe and O-ring (3) and tighten the bolts.
Torque: 25 N´m (18 lb ft)
10. Install crankcase with oil pan (2).
1. Completely remove all residual sealant, lubricant
and moisture from the sealing surfaces. The
surfaces must be perfectly dry.
2. Apply a correct width bead of sealant (TBÐ
1207C or its equivalent) to the contact surfaces of
the oil pan. There must be no gaps in the bead.
3. The crankcase assembly must be installed within
5 minutes after sealant application.
4. Tighten the bolts and nuts to the specified torque.
Torque : 10 N´m (87 lb in)
013RW010
Legend
(1) Portion Between Bolt Holes
(2) Bolt Hole Portion
11. Install cylinder head assembly, refer to ªCylinder
headº in this manual.

6A±80
ENGINE MECHANICAL (6VE1 3.5L)
5. Remove the rod caps.
6. Measure the width of the plastigage and
determine the oil clearance. If the oil clearance
exceeds the limit, replace the rod bearing as a
set.
Standard : 0.019 mm±0.043 mm
(0.0007 in±0.0017 in)
Limit : 0.08 mm (0.0031 in)
015RS008
7. Clean the plastigage from the bearings and the
crankshaft pins.
Con±rod Bearing Selection
Select and install the new connecting rod bearings,
paying close attention to the connecting rod big end
diameter size mark (1).
NOTE: Take care not to confuse the alignment mark (2)
and the size mark (1) during the installation procedure.
015RS034
mm ( in)
1 Size MarkBig end Bore
DiameterCrankshaft Pin
DiameterConnecting Rod
Bearing Thickness
(Reference)Color of
Size
MarkOil Clearance
(Reference)
A56.994-57.000
(2.2439-2.2441)1.512-1.516
(0.0595-0.0597)Yellow0.025-0.054
(0.0010-0.0021)
B56.988-56.994
(2.2436-2.2439)53.922-53.937
(2.1229-2.1235)1.508-1.512
(0.0594-0.0595)Green0.027-0.056
(0.0011-0.0022)
C56.982-56.988
(2.2434-2.2436)1.504-1.508
(0.0592-0.0594)Pink0.029-0.058
(0.0011-0.0023)
Reassembly
1. Install connecting rod
2. Install piston
3. Install piston pin

Apply a thin coat of engine oil to the piston pin. Try to
insert the piston pin into the piston pin hole with
normal finger pressure.
NOTE: W h e n changing piston / connecting rod
combinations, do not change the piston / piston pin
combination and do not reuse the old piston pin.

Attach the piston to the connecting rod with the
piston front mark and the connecting rod front mark
on the same side.
015RS036

6A±86
ENGINE MECHANICAL (6VE1 3.5L)
6. Install oil gallery and tighten the bolts in 2 steps in the
order shown.
1st step : 29 N´m (22 lb ft)
2nd step : 55
~ 65

012RS007
7. Install cylinder block side bolts (1) and tighten
crankcase bolts in sequence shown in the illustration.
Torque : 39 N´m (29 lb ft)
012RW005
8. Install oil pump assembly. Refer to ªOil Pumpº in this
manual.
9. Install oil strainer and O-ring.
10. Install oil pipe and O-ring.
11. Install crankcase with oil pan.
1. Completely remove all residual sealant, lubricant
and moisture from the sealing surfaces. The
surfaces must be perfectly dry.
2. Apply a correct width bead of sealant (TB± 1207C
or its equivalent) to the contact surfaces of the
crankcase. There must be no gaps in the bead.
3. The oil pan must be installed within 5 minutes
after sealant application to prevent premature
hardening of sealant.
4. Tighten the bolts and nuts to the specified torque.
Torque : 10 N´m (87 lb in)
013RW010
Legend
(1) Portion Between Both Holes
(2) Bolt Hole Portions
12. Install cylinder head gasket.
13. Install cylinder head assembly. Refer to ªCylinder
Headº in this manual.

6C±3 ENGINE FUEL (6VE1 3.5L)
When working on the fuel system, there are several
things to keep in mind:

Any time the fuel system is being worked on,
disconnect the battery ground cable except for those
tests where battery voltage is required.

Always keep a dry chemical (Class B) fire
extinguisher near the work area.

Replace all pipes with the same pipe and fittings that
were removed.

Clean and inspect ªOº rings. Replace if required.

Always relieve the line pressure before servicing any
fuel system components.

Do not attempt repairs on the fuel system until you
have read the instructions and checked the pictures
relating to that repair.

Adhere to all Notices and Cautions.
All gasoline engines are designed to use only unleaded
gasoline. Unleaded gasoline must be used for proper
emission control system operation.
Its use will also minimize spark plug fouling and extend
engine oil life. Using leaded gasoline can damage the
emission control system and could result in loss of
emission warranty coverage.
The vapor pressure sensor and vent solenoid valve for
vapor pressure sensor are used to detect abnormalities in
the evaporative emission control system.
The PCM decides whether there is an abnormality in the
evaporative emission control system based on vapor
pressure sensor signal.Fuel Metering
The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) is in complete
control of this fuel delivery system during normal driving
conditions.
The intake manifold function, like that of a diesel, is used
only to let air into the engine. The fuel is injected by
separate injectors that are mounted over the intake
manifold.
The Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor measures
the changes in the intake manifold pressure which result
from engine load and speed changes, which the MAP
sensor converts to a voltage output.
This sensor generates the voltage to change
corresponding to the flow of the air drawn into the engine.
The changing voltage is transformed into an electric
signal and provided to the PCM.
With receipt of the signals sent from the MAP sensor,
Intake Air Temperature sensor and others, the PCM
determines an appropriate fuel injection pulse width
feeding such information to the fuel injector valves to
affect an appropriate air/fuel ratio.
The Multiport Fuel Injection system utilizes an injection
system where the injectors turn on at every crankshaft
revolution. The PCM controls the injector on time so that
the correct amount of fuel is metered depending on
driving conditions.
Two interchangeable ªOº rings are used on the injector
that must be replaced when the injectors are removed.
The fuel rail is attached to the top of the intake manifold
and supplies fuel to all the injectors.
Fuel is recirculated through the rail continually while the
engine is running. This removes air and vapors from the
fuel as well as keeping the fuel cool during hot weather
operation.
The fuel pressure control valve that is mounted on the fuel
rail maintains a pressure differential across the injectors
under all operating conditions. It is accomplished by
controlling the amount of fuel that is recirculated back to
the fuel tank based on engine demand.
See Section ªDriveability and Emissionº for more
information and diagnosis.