2001 NISSAN ALMERA N16 check engine

GENERAL INFORMATION
SECTION
GI
CONTENTS
PRECAUTIONS...............................................................3
Precautions ..................................................................3
PRECAUTIONS FOR SUPPLEMENTAL
RESTRAINT SYSTEM (SRS)²AIR BAG²AND
²SEAT BELT PRE-TENSIONER²
.................................3
PRECAUTIONS FOR NATS (NISSAN ANTI-THEFT
SYSTEM)
..................................................................3
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS.........................................4
PRECAUTIONS FOR MULTIPORT FUEL
INJECTION SYSTEM OR ENGINE CONTROL
SYSTEM
...................................................................6
PRECAUTIONS FOR THREE WAY CATALYST...........6
PRECAUTIONS FOR HOSES.....................................6
PRECAUTIONS FOR ENGINE OILS...........................7
PRECAUTIONS FOR FUEL........................................8
PRECAUTIONS FOR AIR CONDITIONING..................9
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL......................................10
HOW TO READ WIRING DIAGRAMS..........................12
Sample/Wiring Diagram - EXAMPL - ........................12
OPTIONAL SPLICE..................................................13
Description .................................................................14
CONNECTOR SYMBOLS.........................................16
HARNESS INDICATION...........................................17
COMPONENT INDICATION......................................17
SWITCH POSITIONS...............................................17
DETECTABLE LINES AND NON-DETECTABLE
LINES
.....................................................................17
MULTIPLE SWITCH.................................................18
REFERENCE AREA.................................................19
HOW TO PERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSES
FOR AN ELECTRICAL INCIDENT...............................21
Work Flow ..................................................................21
Incident Simulation Tests ...........................................22
INTRODUCTION......................................................22
VEHICLE VIBRATION..............................................22
HEAT SENSITIVE....................................................23
FREEZING..............................................................23
WATER INTRUSION................................................24
ELECTRICAL LOAD.................................................24
COLD OR HOT START UP.......................................24
Circuit Inspection .......................................................24
INTRODUCTION......................................................24
TESTING FOR²OPENS²IN THE CIRCUIT................25
TESTING FOR²SHORTS²IN THE CIRCUIT..............26
GROUND INSPECTION...........................................27
VOLTAGE DROP TESTS..........................................27
CONTROL UNIT CIRCUIT TEST...............................29
HOW TO FOLLOW TROUBLE DIAGNOSES...............31
How to Follow Test Groups in Trouble Diagnoses ....32
Key to Symbols Signifying Measurements or
Procedures.................................................................33
CONSULT-II CHECKING SYSTEM...............................35
Function and System Application ..............................35
Nickel Metal Hydride Battery Replacement...............36
Checking Equipment..................................................36
CONSULT-II Data Link Connector (DLC) Circuit ......37
INSPECTION PROCEDURE.....................................37
IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION................................38
Model Variation ..........................................................38
FOR EUROPE.........................................................38
FOR AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND AND SOUTH
AFRICA
...................................................................38
PREFIX AND SUFFIX DESIGNATIONS.....................39
Identification Number .................................................39
VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
ARRANGEMENT
.....................................................40
IDENTIFICATION PLATE..........................................40
ENGINE SERIAL NUMBER.......................................41
AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE NUMBER........................41
MANUAL TRANSAXLE NUMBER..............................42
Dimensions ................................................................43
Wheels and Tires .......................................................43
LIFTING POINTS AND TOW TRUCK TOWING...........44
Preparation ................................................................44
SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS......................................44
Board-on Lift ..............................................................44
Garage Jack and Safety Stand .................................45
2-pole Lift ...................................................................46
Tow Truck Towing ......................................................47
TOWING AN AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE MODEL
WITH FOUR WHEELS ON GROUND
........................47

SEF289H
+Before starting repairs which do not require battery power:
Turn off ignition switch.
Disconnect the negative battery terminal.
SGI233
+To prevent serious burns:
Avoid contact with hot metal parts.
Do not remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot.
SGI234
+Before servicing the vehicle:
Protect fenders, upholstery and carpeting with appropriate cov-
ers.
Take caution that keys, buckles or buttons do not scratch paint.
+Clean all disassembled parts in the designated liquid or solvent
prior to inspection or assembly.
+Replace oil seals, gaskets, packings, O-rings, locking washers,
cotter pins, self-locking nuts, etc. with new ones.
+Replace inner and outer races of tapered roller bearings and
needle bearings as a set.
+Arrange the disassembled parts in accordance with their
assembled locations and sequence.
+Do not touch the terminals of electrical components which use
microcomputers (such as ECMs).
Static electricity may damage internal electronic components.
+After disconnecting vacuum or air hoses, attach a tag to indi-
cate the proper connection.
+Use only the fluids and lubricants specified in this manual.
+Use approved bonding agent, sealants or their equivalents
when required.
+Use tools and recommended special tools where specified for
safe and efficient service repairs.
+When repairing the fuel, oil, water, vacuum or exhaust
systems, check all affected lines for leaks.
+Dispose of drained oil or the solvent used for cleaning parts in
an appropriate manner.
PRECAUTIONS
Precautions (Cont'd)
GI-5

Do not attempt to top off the fuel tank after the fuel pump nozzle
shuts off automatically. Continued refueling may cause fuel
overflow, resulting in fuel spray and possibly a fire.
WARNING:
To prevent ECM from storing the diagnostic trouble codes, do
not carelessly disconnect the harness connectors which are
related to the engine control system and TCM (Transmission
Control Module) system. The connectors should be discon-
nected only when working according to the WORK FLOW of
TROUBLE DIAGNOSES in EC and AT sections.
SGI787
PRECAUTIONS FOR MULTIPORT FUEL INJECTION
SYSTEM OR ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
NJGI0001S04+Before connecting or disconnecting any harness connector for
the multiport fuel injection system or ECM:
Turn ignition switch to ªOFFº position.
Disconnect negative battery terminal.
Otherwise, there may be damage to ECM.
+Before disconnecting pressurized fuel line from fuel pump to
injectors, be sure to release fuel pressure.
+Be careful not to jar components such as ECM and mass air
flow sensor.
PRECAUTIONS FOR THREE WAY CATALYSTNJGI0001S05If a large amount of unburned fuel flows into the catalyst, the cata-
lyst temperature will be excessively high. To prevent this, follow the
instructions below:
+Use unleaded gasoline only. Leaded gasoline will seriously
damage the three way catalyst.
+When checking for ignition spark or measuring engine
compression, make tests quickly and only when necessary.
+Do not run engine when the fuel tank level is low, otherwise the
engine may misfire, causing damage to the catalyst.
Do not place the vehicle on flammable material. Keep flammable
material off the exhaust pipe and the three way catalyst.
SMA019D
PRECAUTIONS FOR HOSESNJGI0001S06Hose Removal and InstallationNJGI0001S0601+To prevent damage to rubber hose, do not pry off rubber hose
with tapered tool or screwdriver.
PRECAUTIONS
Precautions (Cont'd)
GI-6

+Do not use gasoline, kerosine, diesel fuel, gas oil, thinners or
solvents for cleaning skin.
+If skin disorders develop, obtain medical advice without delay.
+Where practicable, degrease components prior to handling.
+Where there is a risk of eye contact, eye protection should be
worn, for example, chemical goggles or face shields; in addi-
tion an eye wash facility should be provided.
Environmental Protection PrecautionsNJGI0001S0702Burning used engine oil in small space heaters or boilers can be
recommended only for units of approved design. The heating sys-
tem must meet the requirements of HM Inspectorate of Pollution for
small burners of less than 0.4 MW. If in doubt, check with the
appropriate local authority and/or manufacturer of the approved
appliance.
Dispose of used oil and used oil filters through authorized waste
disposal contractors to licensed waste disposal sites, or to the
waste oil reclamation trade. If in doubt, contact the local authority
for advice on disposal facilities.
It is illegal to pour used oil on to the ground, down sewers or drains,
or into water courses.
The regulations concerning the pollution vary between
regions.
PRECAUTIONS FOR FUELNJGI0001S08Gasoline EngineNJGI0001S0803Europe
Models with three way catalyst
Unleaded premium gasoline of at least 95 octane (RON)
If premium gasoline is not available, unleaded regular gaso-
line with an octane rating of 91 (RON) may be temporarily
used, but only under the following precautions:
+Have the fuel tank filled only partially with unleaded regu-
lar gasoline, and fill up with premium unleaded gasoline
as soon as possible.
+Avoid full throttle driving and abrupt acceleration.
CAUTION:
Do not use leaded gasoline. Using leaded gasoline will dam-
age the three way catalyst.
Except For Europe
Models without three way catalyst
Leaded gasoline of at least 91 octane (RON)
Models with three way catalyst
Unleaded gasoline of above 91 octane (RON)
For improved vehicle performance, Nissan recommends the use of
premium unleaded gasoline above 95 octane (RON).
CAUTION:
Do not use leaded gasoline. Using leaded gasoline will dam-
age the three way catalyst.
Diesel Engine*:NJGI0001S0804Diesel fuel of at least 50 cetane
* If two types of diesel fuel are available, use summer or winter
fuel properly according to the following temperature conditions.
+Above þ7ÉC (20ÉF) ... Summer type diesel fuel.
+Below þ7ÉC (20ÉF) ... Winter type diesel fuel.
CAUTION:
+Do not use home heating oil, gasoline, or other alternate
PRECAUTIONS
Precautions (Cont'd)
GI-8

+SERVICE DATA AND SPECIFICATIONSare contained at the end of each section for quick reference of
data.
+The followingSYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONSare used:
SYMBOL ABBREVIATION SYMBOL ABBREVIATION
Tightening torque
2WD2-Wheel Drive
Should be lubricated with grease. Unless oth-
erwise indicated, use recommended multi-pur-
pose grease.A/CAir Conditioner
Should be lubricated with oil. P/S Power Steering
Sealing point SST Special Service Tools
Checking point SAE Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
Always replace after every disassembly. ATF Automatic Transmission Fluid
jP
Apply petroleum jelly.
D1Drive range 1st gear
Apply ATF. D2Drive range 2nd gear
HSelect with proper thickness. D
3Drive range 3rd gear
IAdjustment is required. D
4Drive range 4th gear
SDS Service Data and Specifications OD Overdrive
LH, RH Left-Hand, Right-Hand 2
22nd range 2nd gear
FR, RR Front, Rear 2
12nd range 1st gear
M/T Manual Transaxle/Transmission 1
21st range 2nd gear
A/T Automatic Transaxle/Transmission 1
11st range 1st gear
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
GI-11

NJGI0005
Work FlowNJGI0005S01
SGI838
STEP DESCRIPTION
STEP 1 Get detailed information about the conditions and the environment when the incident occurred.
The following are key pieces of information required to make a good analysis:
WHATVehicle Model, Engine, Transmission and the System (i.e. Radio).
WHENDate, Time of Day, Weather Conditions, Frequency.
WHERERoad Conditions, Altitude and Traffic Situation.
HOWSystem Symptoms, Operating Conditions (Other Components Interaction).
Service History and if any After Market Accessories have been installed.
STEP 2 Operate the system, road test if necessary.
Verify the parameter of the incident.
If the problem can not be duplicated, refer to ªIncident Simulation Testsº next page.
STEP 3 Get the proper diagnoses materials together including:
POWER SUPPLY ROUTING
System Operation Descriptions
Applicable Service Manual Sections
Check for any Service Bulletin.
Identify where to begin diagnoses based upon your knowledge of the system operation and the cus-
tomer comments.
STEP 4 Inspect the system for mechanical binding, loose connectors or wiring damage.
Determine which circuits and components are involved and diagnose using the Power Supply Routing
and Harness Layouts.
STEP 5 Repair or replace the incident circuit or component.
STEP 6 Operate the system in all modes. Verify the system works properly under all conditions. Make sure you
have not inadvertently created a new incident during your diagnoses or repair steps.
HOW TO PERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSES FOR AN ELECTRICAL INCIDENT
Work Flow
GI-21

Incident Simulation TestsNJGI0005S02INTRODUCTIONNJGI0005S0201Sometimes the symptom is not present when the vehicle is brought
in for service. If possible, re-create the conditions present at the
time of the incident. Doing so may help avoid a No Trouble Found
Diagnoses. The following section illustrates ways to simulate the
conditions/environment under which the owner experiences an
electrical incident.
The section is broken into the six following topics:
+Vehicle vibration
+Heat sensitive
+Freezing
+Water intrusion
+Electrical load
+Cold or hot start up
Get a thorough description of the incident from the customer. It is
important for simulating the conditions of the problem.
VEHICLE VIBRATIONNJGI0005S0202The problem may occur or become worse while driving on a rough
road or when engine is vibrating (idle with A/C on). In such a case,
you will want to check for a vibration related condition. Refer to the
illustration below.
Connectors & Harness
Determine which connectors and wiring harness would affect the
electrical system you are inspecting.Gentlyshake each connec-
tor and harness while monitoring the system for the incident you
are trying to duplicate. This test may indicate a loose or poor elec-
trical connection.
Hint
Connectors can be exposed to moisture. It is possible to get a thin
film of corrosion on the connector terminals. A visual inspection
may not reveal this without disconnecting the connector. If the
problem occurs intermittently, perhaps the problem is caused by
corrosion. It is a good idea to disconnect, inspect and clean the
terminals on related connectors in the system.
Sensors & Relays
Gentlyapply a slight vibration to sensors and relays in the system
you are inspecting.
This test may indicate a loose or poorly mounted sensor or relay.
SGI839
HOW TO PERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSES FOR AN ELECTRICAL INCIDENT
Incident Simulation Tests
GI-22

Engine Compartment
There are several reasons a vehicle or engine vibration could
cause an electrical complaint. Some of the things to check for are:
+Connectors not fully seated.
+Wiring harness not long enough and is being stressed due to
engine vibrations or rocking.
+Wires laying across brackets or moving components.
+Loose, dirty or corroded ground wires.
+Wires routed too close to hot components.
To inspect components under the hood, start by verifying the integ-
rity of ground connections. (Refer to GROUND INSPECTION
described later.) First check that the system is properly grounded.
Then check for loose connection bygently shakingthe wiring or
components as previously explained. Using the wiring diagrams
inspect the wiring for continuity.
Behind The Instrument Panel
An improperly routed or improperly clamped harness can become
pinched during accessory installation. Vehicle vibration can aggra-
vate a harness which is routed along a bracket or near a screw.
Under Seating Areas
An unclamped or loose harness can cause wiring to be pinched by
seat components (such as slide guides) during vehicle vibration. If
the wiring runs under seating areas, inspect wire routing for pos-
sible damage or pinching.
SGI842
HEAT SENSITIVENJGI0005S0203The owner's problem may occur during hot weather or after car has
sat for a short time. In such cases you will want to check for a heat
sensitive condition.
To determine if an electrical component is heat sensitive, heat the
component with a heat gun or equivalent.
Do not heat components above 60ÉC (140ÉF).If incident occurs
while heating the unit, either replace or properly insulate the com-
ponent.
SGI843
FREEZINGNJGI0005S0204The customer may indicate the incident goes away after the car
warms up (winter time). The cause could be related to water freez-
ing somewhere in the wiring/electrical system.
There are two methods to check for this. The first is to arrange for
the owner to leave his car overnight. Make sure it will get cold
enough to demonstrate his complaint. Leave the car parked out-
side overnight. In the morning, do a quick and thorough diagnoses
of those electrical components which could be affected.
HOW TO PERFORM EFFICIENT DIAGNOSES FOR AN ELECTRICAL INCIDENT
Incident Simulation Tests (Cont'd)
GI-23