2001 CHRYSLER VOYAGER ECO mode

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The procedures contained in this manual include
specifications, instructions, and graphics needed to
diagnose the PCM Powertrain System. The diag-
nostics in this manual are based on the failure
condition or symptom being present at time of
diagnosis.
Please follow the recommendations below when
choosing your diagnostic path.
1. First make sure the DRBIIItis communicating
with the appropriate modules; ie., if the DRBIIIt
displays a No Response condition, you must
diagnose this first before proceeding.
2. Read DTC's (diagnostic trouble codes) with the
DRBIIIt.
3. If no DTC's are present, identify the customer
complaint.
4. Once the DTC or customer complaint is identi-
fied, locate the matching test in the Table of
Contents and begin to diagnose the symptom.
All component location views are in Section 8.0.
All connector pinouts are in Section 9.0. All system
schematics are in Section 10.0.
An * placed before the symptom description indi-
cates a customer complaint.
When repairs are required, refer to the appropri-
ate service information for the proper removal and
repair procedure.
Diagnostic procedures change every year. New
diagnostic systems may be added; carryover sys-
tems may be enhanced. READ THIS DIAGNOSTIC
INFORMATION BEFORE TRYING TO DIAG-
NOSE A VEHICLE CODE. It is recommended that
you review the entire diagnostic information to
become familiar with all new and changed diagnos-
tic procedures.
If you have any comments or recommendations
after reviewing the diagnostic information, please
fill out the form at the back of the book and mail it
back to us.
1.1 SYSTEM COVERAGE
This diagnostic procedures manual covers the
following 2001 Town and Country; Caravan/Grand
Caravan; and Voyager/Grand Voyager vehicles
equipped with the 2.4L and the 3.3L/3.8L engines.
1.2 SIX-STEP TROUBLESHOOTING
PROCEDURE
Diagnosis of the powertrain control module
(PCM) is done in six basic steps:
²verification of complaint
²verification of any related symptoms
²symptom analysis
²problem isolation
²repair of isolated problem
²verification of proper operation
2.0 IDENTIFICATION OF
SYSTEM
The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) monitors
and controls:
²Fuel System
²Idle Air Control System
²Ignition System
²Charging System
²Speed Control System
²Cooling system
3.0 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND
FUNCTIONAL OPERATION
3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
These Sequential Fuel Injection (SFI) engine sys-
tems have the latest in technical advances. The
on-board Euro Stage III OBD diagnostics incorpo-
rated with the Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
are intended to assist the field technician in repair-
ing vehicle problems by the quickest means.
3.2 FUNCTIONAL OPERATION
3.2.1 FUEL CONTROL
The PCM controls the air/fuel ratio of the engine
by varying fuel injector on time. Mass air flow is
calculated using the speed density method using
enigne speed, manifold absolute pressure, and air
temperature change.
Different fuel calculation strategies are used de-
pending on the operational state of the engine.
During crank mode, a prime shot fuel pulse is
delivered followed by fuel pulses determined by a
crank time strategy. Cold engine operation is deter-
mined via an open loop strategy until the O2
sensors have reached operating temperature. At
this point, the strategy enters a closed loop mode
where fuel requirements are based upon the state of
the O2 sensors, engine speed, MAP, throttle posi-
tion, air temperature, battery voltage, and coolant
temperature.
1
GENERAL INFORMATION

3.2.3 OTHER CONTROLS
CHARGING SYSTEM
The charging system is turned on when the
engine is started and ASD relay energized. When
the ASD relay is on, ASD output voltage is supplied
to the ASD sense circuit at the PCM. This voltage is
connected in some cases, through the PCM and
supplied to one of the generator field terminals
(Gen Source +). All others, the Gen field is con-
nected directly to the ASD output voltage. The
amount of current produced by the generator is
controlled by the Electronic Voltage Regulator
(EVR) circuitry, in the PCM. Battery temperature is
determined from IAT. This temperature along with
sensed line voltage, is used by the PCM to vary the
battery charging rate. This is done by cycling the
ground path to the other generator field terminal
(Gen field driver).
SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM
The PCM controls vehicle speed by operation of
the speed control servo vacuum and vent solenoids.
Energizing the vacuum solenoid applies vacuum to
the servo to increase throttle position. Operation of
the vent solenoid slowly releases the vacuum allow-
ing throttle position to decrease. A special dump
solenoid allows immediate release of throttle posi-
tion caused by braking, cruise control switch turned
off, shifting into neutral, excessive RPM (tires spin-
ning) or ignition off.
LEAK DETECTION PUMP SYSTEM (IF EQUIPPED)
The leak detection pump is a device that pressur-
izes the evaporative system to determine if there
are any leaks. When certain conditions are met, the
PCM will activate the pump and start counting
pump strokes. If the pump stops within a calibrated
number of strokes, the system is determined to be
normal. If the pump does not stop or stops too soon,
a DTC will be set.
3.2.4 PCM OPERATING MODES
As input signals to the PCM change, the PCM
adjusts its response to output devices. For example,
the PCM must calculate a different injector pulse
width and ignition timing for idle than it does for
wide open throttle. There are several different
modes of operation that determine how the PCM
responds to the various input signals.
There are two types of engine control operation:
open loopandclosed loop.
Inopen loopoperation, the PCM receives input
signals and responds according to preset program-
ming. Inputs from the heated oxygen sensors are
not monitored.Inclosed loopoperation, the PCM monitors the
inputs from the heated oxygen sensors. This input
indicates to the PCM whether or not the calculated
injector pulse width results in the ideal air-fuel
ratio of 14.7 parts air to 1 part fuel. By monitoring
the exhaust oxygen content through the oxygen
sensor, the PCM can fine tune injector pulse width.
Fine tuning injector pulse width allows the PCM to
achieve the lowest emission levels while maintain-
ing optimum fuel economy.
The engine start-up (crank), engine warm-up,
and wide open throttle modes are open loop modes.
Under most operating conditions, closed loop modes
occur with the engine at operating temperature.
IGNITION SWITCH ON (ENGINE OFF) MODE
When the ignition switch activates the fuel injec-
tion system, the following actions occur:
1. The PCM determines atmospheric air pressure
from the MAP sensor input to determine basic
fuel strategy.
2. The PCM monitors the engine coolant tempera-
ture sensor and throttle position sensor input.
The PCM modifies fuel strategy based on this
input.
When the key is in the on position and the engine
is not running (zero rpm), the auto shutdown relay
and fuel pump relay are not energized. Therefore,
voltage is not supplied to the fuel pump, ignition
coil, and fuel injectors.
Engine Start-up ModeÐ This is an open loop
mode. The following actions occur when the starter
motor is engaged:
1. The auto shutdown and fuel pump relays are
energized. If the PCM does not receive the cam-
shaft and crankshaft signal within approxi-
mately one second, these relays are de-
energized.
2. The PCM energizes all fuel injectors until it
determines crankshaft position from the cam-
shaft and crankshaft signals. The PCM deter-
mines crankshaft position within one engine
revolution. After the camshaft position has been
determined, the PCM energizes the fuel injectors
in sequence. The PCM adjusts the injector pulse
width and synchronizes the fuel injectors by
controlling the fuel injectors' ground paths.
3. Once the engine idles within 64 rpm of its target
engine speed, the PCM compares the current
MAP sensor value with the value received dur-
ing the ignition switch on (zero rpm) mode. A
diagnostic trouble code is written to PCM mem-
ory if a minimum difference between the two
values is not found.
4
GENERAL INFORMATION

Once the auto shutdown and fuel pump relays
have been energized, the PCM determines the fuel
injector pulse width based on the following:
± engine coolant temperature
± manifold absolute pressure
± intake air temperature
± engine revolutions
± throttle position
The PCM determines the spark advance based on
the following:
± engine coolant temperature
± crankshaft position
± intake air temperature
± manifold absolute pressure
± throttle position
Engine Warm-Up Modeþ This is an open loop
mode. The PCM adjusts injector pulse width and
controls injector synchronization by controlling the
fuel injectors' ground paths. The PCM adjusts igni-
tion timing and engine idle speed. The PCM adjusts
the idle speed by controlling the idle air control
motor.
Cruise or Idle Modeþ When the engine is at
normal operating temperature, this is a closed loop
mode.
Acceleration Modeþ This is a closed loop mode.
The PCM recognizes an increase in throttle position
and a decrease in Manifold Vacuum as engine load
increases. In response, the PCM increases the in-
jector pulse width to meet the increased load. The
A/C compressor may be de-energized for a short
period of time.
Decelerationþ This is a closed loop mode. The
PCM recognizes a decrease in throttle position and
an increase in Manifold Vacuum as engine load
decreases. In response, the PCM decreases the
injector pulse width to meet the decreased load.
Full injector shut off may be obtained during high
speed deceleration.
Wide Open Throttle Modeþ This is an open
loop mode. The throttle position sensor notifies the
PCM of a wide open throttle condition. Once a wide
open throttle is sensed, the PCM de-energizes the
A/C compressor clutch relay for 20 seconds.
3.2.5 NON-MONITORED CIRCUITS
The PCM does not monitor the following circuits,
systems, and conditions even though they could
have malfunctions that result in driveability prob-
lems. A diagnostic code may not be displayed for the
following conditions. However, problems with these
systems may cause a diagnostic code to be displayed
for other systems. For example, a fuel pressure
problem will not register a diagnostic code directly,
but could cause a rich or lean condition. This couldcause an oxygen sensor, fuel system, or misfire
monitor trouble code to be stored in the PCM.
Engine Timingþ The PCM cannot detect an
incorrectly indexed timing chain, camshaft
sprocket, or crankshaft sprocket. The PCM also
cannot detect an incorrectly indexed distributor.(*)
Fuel Pressureþ Fuel pressure is controlled by
the fuel pressure regulator. The PCM cannot detect
a clogged fuel pump inlet filter, clogged in-line filter,
or a pinched fuel supply.(*)
Fuel Injectorsþ The PCM cannot detect if a fuel
injector is clogged, the pintle is sticking, or the
wrong injectors are installed.(*)
Fuel Requirementsþ Poor quality gasoline can
cause problems such as hard starting, stalling, and
stumble. Use of methanol-gasoline blends may re-
sult in starting and driveability problems. See indi-
vidual symptoms and their definitions in Section
6.0 (Glossary of Terms).
PCM Groundsþ The PCM cannot detect a poor
system ground. However, a diagnostic trouble code
may be stored in the PCM as a result of this
condition.
Throttle Body Air Flowþ The PCM cannot
detect a clogged or restricted air cleaner inlet or
filter element.(*)
Exhaust Systemþ The PCM cannot detect a
plugged, restricted, or leaking exhaust system.(*)
Cylinder Compressionþ The PCM cannot de-
tect uneven, low, or high engine cylinder compres-
sion.(*)
Excessive Oil Consumptionþ Although the
PCM monitors the exhaust stream oxygen content
through the oxygen sensor when the system is in a
closed loop, it cannot determine excessive oil con-
sumption.
NOTE: ANY OF THESE CONDITIONS
COULD RESULT IN A RICH OR LEAN
CONDITION CAUSING AN OXYGEN SENSOR
TROUBLE CODE TO BE STORED IN THE
PCM, OR THE VEHICLE MAY EXHIBIT ONE
OR MORE OF THE DRIVEABILITY
SYMPTOMS LISTED IN THE TABLE OF
CONTENTS.
3.2.6 SKIS OVERVIEW
The Sentry Key Immobilizer System (SKIS) is
designed to prevent unauthorized vehicle opera-
tion. The system consists of a Sentry Key Immobi-
lizer Module (SKIM), ignition key(s) equipped with
a transponder chip and PCM. When the ignition
switch is turned on, the SKIM interrogates the
ignition key. If the ignition key is Valid or Invalid,
the SKIM sends a PCI Bus message to the PCM
indicating ignition key status. Upon receiving this
5
GENERAL INFORMATION

message the PCM will terminate engine operation,
or allow the engine to continue to operate.
3.2.7 SKIM ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS
The SKIM has been programmed to transmit and
monitor many different coded messages as well as
PCI Bus messages. This monitoring is called On
Board Diagnosis.
Certain criteria must be met for a diagnostic
trouble code to be entered into the SKIM memory.
The criteria may be a range of; Input voltage, PCI
Bus message, or coded messages to the SKIM. If all
of the criteria for monitoring a circuit or function
are met and a fault is sensed, a diagnostic trouble
code will be stored in the SKIM memory.
3.2.8 SKIS OPERATION
When ignition power is supplied to the SKIM, the
SKIM performs an internal self-test. After the self-
test is completed, the SKIM energizes the antenna
(this activates the transponder chip) and sends a
challenge to the transponder chip. The transponder
chip responds to the challenge by generating an
encrypted response message using the following:
Secret Key -This is an electronically stored
value (identification number) that is unique to each
SKIS. The secret key is stored in the SKIM, PCM
and all ignition key transponders.
Challenge- This is a random number that is
generated by the SKIM at each ignition key cycle.
The secret key and challenge are the two vari-
ables used in the algorithm that produces the
encrypted response message. The transponder uses
the crypto algorithm to receive, decode and respond
to the message sent by the SKIM. After responding
to the coded message, the transponder sends a
transponder I.D. message to the SKIM. The SKIM
compares the transponder I.D. to the available valid
key codes in the SKIM memory (8 key maximum at
any one time). After validating the key ignition the
SKIM sends a PCI Bus message called a Seed
Request to the engine controller then waits for a
PCM response. If the PCM does not respond, the
SKIM will send the seed request again. After three
failed attempts the SKIM will stop sending the seed
request and store a trouble code. If the PCM sends
a seed response, the SKIM sends a valid/invalid key
message to the PCM. This is an encrypted message
that is generated using the following:
VIN -Vehicle Identification Number
Seed -This is a random number that is generated
by the PCM at each ignition key cycle.
The VIN and seed are the two variables used in
the rolling code algorithm that encrypts the valid/
invalid key message. The PCM uses the rolling code
algorithm to receive, decode and respond to the
valid/invalid key message sent by the SKIM. Aftersending the valid/invalid key message the SKIM
waits 3.5 seconds for a PCM status message from
the PCM. If the PCM does not respond with a valid
key message to the SKIM, a fault is detected and a
trouble code is stored.
The SKIS incorporates a VTSS LED located on
the instrument panel upper cover. The LED re-
ceives switched ignition voltage and is hardwired to
the body control module. The LED is actuated when
the SKIM sends a PCI Bus message to the body
controller requesting the LED on. The body control-
ler then provides the ground for the LED. The
SKIM will request VTSS LED operation for the
following:
± bulb checks at ignition on
± to alert the vehicle operator to a SKIS mal-
function
± customer key programming mode
For all faults except transponder faults and VTSS
LED remains on steady. In the event of a transpon-
der fault the LED flashes at a rate of 1 Hz (once per
second). If a fault is present the LED will remain on
or flashing for the complete ignition cycle. If a fault
is stored in SKIM memory which prevents the
system from operating properly, the PCM will allow
the engine to start and run (for 2 seconds) up to six
times. After the sixth attempt, the PCM disables
the starter relay until the fault is corrected.
3.2.9 PROGRAMMING THE POWERTRAIN
CONTROL MODULE
Important Note:Before replacing the PCM for a
failed driver, control circuit or ground circuit, be
sure to check the related component/circuit integ-
rity for failures not detected due to a double fault in
the circuit. Most PCM driver/control circuit failures
are caused by internal failure to components (i.e.
12-volt pull-ups, drivers and ground sensors). These
failures are difficult to detect when a double fault
has occurred and only one DTC has set.
NOTE: IF THE PCM AND THE SKIM ARE
REPLACED AT THE SAME TIME, PROGRAM
THE VIN INTO THE PCM FIRST. ALL VEHICLE
KEYS WILL THEN NEED TO BE REPLACED
AND PROGRAMMED TO THE NEW SKIM.
The SKIS Secret Key is an I.D. code that is
unique to each SKIS. This code is programmed and
stored in the SKIM, engine controller and transpon-
der chip (ignition key). When replacing the PCM it
is necessary to program the secret key into the
PCM.
1. Turn the ignition on (transmission in park/
neutral).
2. Use the DRB and select THEFT ALARM, SKIM
then MISCELLANEOUS.
6
GENERAL INFORMATION

Symptom List:
P0134-1/1 O2 SENSOR STAYS AT CENTER
P0140-1/2 O2 SENSOR STAYS AT CENTER
Test Note: All symptoms listed above are diagnosed using the same tests.
The title for the tests will be P0134-1/1 O2 SENSOR STAYS AT
CENTER.
When Monitored and Set Condition:
P0134-1/1 O2 SENSOR STAYS AT CENTER
When Monitored: Engine running for greater than 121 second. Coolant Temperature
greater than 66ÉC (150.8ÉF). Engine in closed loop fuel control mode.
Set Condition: O2 signal voltage is between .35 volt and .58 volt for a total of 30 seconds
and than O2 signal volt is 1.5 volts for 60 seconds. One trip fault.
P0140-1/2 O2 SENSOR STAYS AT CENTER
When Monitored: Engine running for greater than 121 second. Coolant Temperature
greater than 66ÉC (150.8ÉF). Engine in closed loop fuel control mode. Vehicle Speed greater
than 40 MPH.
Set Condition: O2 signal voltage is between .35 volt and .58 volt for a total of 30 seconds
and than O2 signal volt is 1.5 volts for 60 seconds. Two trip fault.
POSSIBLE CAUSES
INTERMITTENT CONDITION
O2 SENSOR OPERATION
O2 SENSOR GROUND CIRCUIT OPEN
O2 SENSOR SIGNAL OPEN
O2 SENSOR GROUND CIRCUIT VOLTAGE DROP
O2 SENSOR SIGNAL CIRCUIT VOLTAGE DROP
PCM
TEST ACTION APPLICABILITY
1NOTE: Check for contaminates that may have damaged the O2 Sensor:
contaminated fuel, unapproved silicone, oil and coolant.
Turn the ignition on.
With the DRBIIIt, read DTC's.
Is the Good Trip displayed and equal to zero?All
Ye s®Go To 2
No®Go To 8
82
DRIVEABILITY - GAS

Symptom List:
TRANSPONDER COMMUNICATION FAILURE
TRANSPONDER CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECK (CRC) FAILURE
TRANSPONDER ID MISMATCH
TRANSPONDER RESPONSE MISMATCH
Test Note: All symptoms listed above are diagnosed using the same tests.
The title for the tests will be TRANSPONDER COMMUNICA-
TION FAILURE.
When Monitored and Set Condition:
TRANSPONDER COMMUNICATION FAILURE
When Monitored: At ignition on and during Key Programming Mode.
Set Condition: When the SKIM does not receive a transponder response after 8 consec-
utive transponder read attempts within 2.0 seconds.
TRANSPONDER CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECK (CRC) FAILURE
When Monitored: At ignition on and during Key Programming Mode.
Set Condition: When 5 consecutive transponder signal transmissions are sent to the
SKIM with the correct message format but with invalid data.
TRANSPONDER ID MISMATCH
When Monitored: At ignition on and during Key Programming Mode.
Set Condition: When the transponder ID read by the SKIM does not match any of the
transponder ID's stored in the SKIM's memory.
TRANSPONDER RESPONSE MISMATCH
When Monitored: At ignition on and during Key Programming Mode.
Set Condition: When the transponder's crypto algorithm result fails to match the SKIM's
result.
POSSIBLE CAUSES
CHECKING MULTIPLE KEY OPERATION
SKIM
INTERMITTENT WIRING HARNESS PROBLEM
REPLACE IGNITION KEY
272
VEHICLE THEFT/SECURITY

BODY VERIFICATION TEST - VER 1 APPLICABILITY
1. Disconnect all jumper wires and reconnect all previously disconnected components and
connectors.
2. With the DRBIIIt, record and erase all DTCs from ALL modules. Cycle the ignition on then
off
3. If the Sentry Key Immobilizer Module (SKIM) or the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) was
replaced, proceed to number 7. If the SKIM or PCM was not replaced, continue to the next
number.
4. If the Body Control Module was replaced, turn the ignition on for 15 seconds (to allow the
new BCM to learn VIN) or engine may not start (if VTSS equipped). If the vehicle is equipped
with VTSS, use the DRBIIItand enable VTSS.
5. Program all other options as needed.
6. If any repairs were made to the HVAC System, disconnect the battery or, using the DRBIIIt,
recalibrate the HVAC doors. Proceed to number 14.
7. Obtain the Vehicle's unique PIN assigned to it's original SKIM from either the vehicle's
invoice or from Chrysler's Customer Assistance Center (1-800-992-1997).
8. NOTE: Once Secured Access Mode is active, the SKIM will remain in that mode for 60
seconds.
9. With the DRBIIIt, select THEFT ALARM, SKIM, MISCELLANEOUS and select SKIM
REPLACED. Enter the 4 digit PIN to put the SKIM in Secured Access Mode.
10. The DRBIIItwill prompt for the following steps. (1) Program the country code into the
SKIM's memory. (2) Program the vehicle's VIN into the SKIM memory. (3) Transfer the
vehicle's Secret Key data from the PCM.
11. Using the DRBIIIt, program all customer keys into the SKIM memory. This requires that
the SKIM be in Secured Access Mode, using the 4 digit PIN.
12. Note: If the PCM is replaced, the VIN and the unique Secret Key data must be transferred
from the SKIM to the PCM. This procedure requires the SKIM to be placed in Secured Access
Mode using the 4-digit PIN.
13. Note: If 3 attempts are made to enter Secured Access Mode using an incorrect PIN, Secured
Access Mode will be locked out for 1 hour which causes the DRBIIItto display9Bus +\- Signals
Open9. To exit this mode, turn ignition to Run for 1 hour.
14. Ensure that all accessories are turned off and the battery is fully charged.
15. Start and run the engine for 2 minutes. Operate all functions of the system that caused the
original concern.
16. Turn the ignition off and wait 5 seconds. Turn the ignition on and using the DRBIIIt, read
DTCs from ALL modules.
Are any DTC's present or is the original condition still present?All
Ye s®Repair is not complete, refer to the appropriate symptom.
No®Repair is complete.
276
VERIFICATION TESTS
VERIFICATION TESTS ÐContinued

POWERTRAIN VERIFICATION TEST VER - 6 APPLICABILITY
1. NOTE: If the PCM has been replaced and the correct VIN and mileage have not
been programmed, a DTC will be set in the ABS Module, Airbag Module and the
SKIM.
2. NOTE: If the vehicle is equipped with a Sentry Key Immobilizer System, Secret
Key data must be updated. Refer to the Service Information for the PCM, SKIM and
the Transponder (ignition key) for programming information.
3. Inspect the vehicle to ensure that all engine components are properly installed and
connected. Reassemble and reconnect components as necessary.
4. The LDP Monitor Test Mode has been added to the DRBIII to verify repairs to the LDP
System. A DRB software program was written which causes the PCM to run the LDP Monitor
as part of this test. Test failures will be indicated through a stored DTC.
5. LDP Monitor Test Mode is a useful way to run a total system performance test. Use this test
to verify any type of LDP system repair.
6. Software program makes temporary changes to operating mode of PCM. For this reason, it
is critical that test not be interrupted. PCM's left in this mode as result of interrupted test will
illuminate the MIL for 8-10 mi of driving with no DTC's stored.
7. Erasing DTC's will not change this condition.
8. If a vehicle is found to be stuck in the mode described above, the LDP Dealer Test should be
re-run in its entirety so that the software program in the DRBIII can restore the PCM
operating mode.
9. Note similarity to LDP Monitor screen found under OBDII Monitors. Failure modes are
fewer in this System Test than OBDII LDP Monitor. System Test only stores Small Leak DTC
to indicate problem with system. No other type of failure mode indication given.
10. System Test failure may have been, for example, due to a large leak, but the PCM will set
the Small Leak DTC to indicate failures that occurred as part of the system test.
11. Connect the DRB to the data link connector. Engine running, turn off all accessories.
12. Note: While test is being performed, PCM must see RPM, minimum MAP, No Vehicle speed
and minimum Throttle Position sensor (At idle, in park.) With DRBIII in System Tests, perform
the LDP Monitor Test and follow the instructions on the screen.
13. If the LDP Monitor Test failed and a Small Leak DTC has set, the repair is not complete.
Check for any related Technical Service Bulletins and return to Symptom List.
14. If any other trouble code has set, return to Symptom List and follow the path specified for
that trouble code. If the LDP Monitor Test passed, the repair was successful and testing is now
complete.
Are any DTCs present?All
Ye s®Repair is complete.
No®Repair is not complete, refer to appropriate symptom.
280
VERIFICATION TESTS
VERIFICATION TESTS ÐContinued