1999 DODGE RAM Ignition coil
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Cylinder No. 1 Or 4 ........................................ 4200
Cylinder No. 2 Or 3 ........................................ 3200
3.0L
Cylinder No. 1 ........................................... 14,000
Cylinder No. 2 ........................................... 10,400
Cylinder No. 3 ........................................... 14,900
Cylinder No. 4 ........................................... 11,500
Cylinder No. 5 ........................................... 17,500
Cylinder No. 6 ........................................... 10,300
Ignition Coil Wire ....................................... 11,100
3.3L
Cylinder No. 1 ........................................... 18,500
Cylinder No. 2 ........................................... 15,500
Cylinder No. 3 ........................................... 20,400
Cylinder No. 4 ........................................... 21,200
Cylinder No. 5 ........................................... 27,700
Cylinder No. 6 ........................................... 26,700
(1) - Maximum wire resistance is listed according to high tension wire
application. For cylinder identification, see FIRING ORDER &
TIMING MARKS.
( 2) - Resistance should be 250-1000 ohms per one inch or 3000-12,000
ohms per 12 inches.
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SPARK PLUGS
SPARK PLUG TYPE ( 1) \
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Application Champion No.
Caravan
2.4L ..................................................... RC12YC5
3.0L ..................................................... RN11YC4
3.3L & 3.8L ............................................. RN14PMP5
Dakota
2.5L ..................................................... RC12ECC
3.9L, 5.2L & 5.9L ........................................ RC12LC4
Durango .................................................... RC12LC4
Ram Pickup
3.9L, 5.2L & 5.9L ........................................ RC12LC4
8.0L ...................................................... QC9MC4
Ram Van & Ram Wagon ........................................ RC12LC4
Town & Country ............................................ RN14PMP5
Voyager
2.4L ..................................................... RC12YC5
3.0L ..................................................... RN11YC4
3.3L .................................................... RN14PMP5
(1) - Check spark plug application on underhood vehicle emission
control label. If application differs from application listed,
use application on underhood vehicle emission control label.
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SPARK PLUG SPECIFICATIONS ( 1) \
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Application Gap Torque
In. (mm) Ft. Lbs. (N.m\
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Caravan
2.4L ................ .048-.053 (1.22-1.35) ............ 20 (27\
)
3.0L ................ .039-.044 (1.00-1.12) ............ 20 (27\
)
3.3L & 3.8L ......... .048-.053 (1.22-1.35) ............ 20 (27\
)
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1) Place gear selector in Park. Disconnect negative battery
cable. Raise and support vehicle. Disconnect PNP switch connector.
Using an ohmmeter, check for continuity between ground and PNP switch
center terminal. If continuity exists, go to next step. If continuity
does not exist, replace PNP switch.
2) Place gear selector in Reverse. Check for continuity
between ground and PNP switch center terminal. If continuity exists,
PNP switch is okay. If continuity does not exist, replace PNP switch.
CLUTCH POSITION SWITCH TEST
Disconnect negative battery cable. Disconnect clutch position
switch connector. Using an ohmmeter, check for continuity between
clutch position switch terminals. With clutch pedal released,
continuity should not exist. With clutch pedal depressed, continuity
should exist. Replace clutch position switch if continuity is not as
specified.
IGNITION SWITCH TEST
NOTE: For ignition switch testing procedures, see appropriate
STEERING COLUMN SWITCHES article in ACCESSORIES &
EQUIPMENT.
BENCH TESTING
SOLENOID TEST
1) With starter removed from vehicle, remove starter motor
field coil wire from solenoid field coil terminal. Using an ohmmeter,
check for continuity between solenoid terminal and field coil terminal
of starter solenoid. Continuity should exist.
2) Check for continuity between solenoid terminal and
solenoid housing. Continuity should exist. If continuity is not
present in either test, replace starter and solenoid as an assembly.
OVERHAUL
NOTE: Manufacturer does not recommend disassembling and servicing
starters. If starter is found defective, a new unit must be
installed.
STARTER SPECIFICATIONS
STARTER SPECIFICATIONS - CARS \
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Application Specification
Cranking Amperage Draw ( 1)
Bosch 2.0L .......................................... 150-280 Amps
Melco 2.5L & 2.7L ................................... 150-280 Amps
Nippondenso 2.4L, 3.2L & 3.5L ......................... 150-280 Amps
No-Load Test At 11 Volts
Maximum Amps
Bosch 2.0L .................................................. ( 2)
Melco 2.5L & 2.7L ........................................... ( 2)
Nippondenso 2.4L, 3.2L & 3.5L ............................... ( 2)
No-Load Test At 11 Volts
Minimum RPM
Page 1475 of 1691
E - T H EO RY/O PER ATIO N - R W D - G ASO LIN E
1999 D odge P ic ku p R 1500
1999 ENGINE PERFORMANCE
CHRY - Theory & Operation - Trucks & RWD Vans - Gasoline
Dakota, Durango, Ram Pickup, Ram Van, Ram Wagon
INTRODUCTION
This article covers the basic description and operation of
engine performance related systems and components. Read this article
before working on unfamiliar systems.
COMPUTERIZED ENGINE CONTROLS
POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE (PCM)
The PCM is a digital computer that controls ignition timing,
air/fuel ratio, fuel injector pulse width, ignition coil(s), spark
advance, emission control devices, cooling fan, charging system, idle
speed, cruise control (if equipped), fuel pump and tachometer. For PCM\
location, see PCM LOCATION. PCM uses data from various input sources
to control output devices in order to achieve optimum engine
performance for all operating conditions.
PCM has voltage converters that convert battery voltage to
regulated 5-volt output. The 5-volt output powers battery temperature
sensor, Camshaft Position (CMP) sensor on models equipped with
Distributorless Ignition System (DIS) or distributor on models without\
DIS, Crankshaft Position (CKP) sensor, Engine Coolant Temperature
(ECT) sensor, Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor, logic circuits,
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor, Throttle Position (TP) sens\
or
and Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) on some models.
PCM LOCATION
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Application Location
Dakota & Durango ................. Right Front Fender, Near Firewall
Ram Pickup, Ram Van & Ram Wagon .... On Firewall, Near Wiper Motor
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NOTE: Components are grouped into 2 categories. The first category,
INPUT DEVICES, includes components that control or produce
voltage signals monitored by the PCM. The second category,
OUTPUT SIGNALS, includes components controlled by the PCM
(this is accomplished by the PCM grounding individual
circuits).
INPUT DEVICES
Vehicles are equipped with different combinations of input
devices. Not all devices are used on all models. To determine
component location and input usage on a specific model, see
appropriate wiring diagram in WIRING DIAGRAMS article. Available input
signals include:
A/C Switch
Switch signals PCM that A/C has been selected. PCM then
activates A/C compressor clutch relay and maintains idle speed at a
preprogrammed RPM. This is done through control of Idle Air Control
Page 1476 of 1691
(IAC) motor.
Battery Temperature Sensor
PCM uses sensor to determine battery temperature and to
control battery charging rate. Temperature data along with battery
voltage data, is used by PCM to vary charging rate. System voltage is
higher at colder temperatures and is gradually reduced at warmer
temperatures.
Battery Voltage
PCM monitors battery voltage to determine fuel injector pulse
width and generator field control. This is done to compensate for
reduced current flow through injector caused by lowered voltage.
Brake Switch
This switch may also be referred to as a brakelight switch.
PCM uses this switch input to maintain idle speed at a preprogrammed
RPM when brakes are applied. If PCM receives an input signal from
brake switch when speed control system is on, PCM will turn speed
control system off.
Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor
On models equipped with a distributor, CMP sensor is made up
of a Hall Effect switch (sync signal generator) and a rotating pulse
ring (shutter) on distributor shaft. See Fig. 1. On Distributorless
Ignition System (DIS), CMP sensor reads slots in cam timing sprocket.
PCM uses this information along with information from Crankshaft
Position (CKP) sensor to determine if fuel injectors and ignition
coils are properly sequenced for correct cylinders.
Fig. 1: Cut-Away View Of Hall Effect Distributor (Typical)
Courtesy of Chrysler Corp.
Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor
CKP sensor detects sets of slots on flywheel/torque converter
Page 1477 of 1691
drive plate. PCM uses this information to determine fuel injection
sequence, ignition signal and spark timing.
Cruise Control Switch
Cruise control switch provides PCM with 3 separate inputs.
ON/OFF switch input informs PCM that cruise control system has been
activated. SET/COAST switch input informs PCM that set vehicle speed
has been selected, or if depressed will decelerate until switch is
released. RESUME/ACCEL switch input informs PCM that a previously set
speed has been selected or, if depressed, will increase speed until
released. PCM uses these inputs to control cruise control servo.
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
ECT sensor monitors engine coolant temperature. PCM uses ECT
sensor information to adjust air/fuel mixture and idle speed and to
control radiator cooling fans as necessary.
Fuel Level Sensor
PCM supplies a 5-volt reference signal to fuel module in gas
tank. Fuel level sensor sends a signal to PCM indicating fuel level.
PCM monitors this signal to prevent a false misfire signal if fuel
level is less than 15 percent. PCM also sends this signal to fuel
gauge.
Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S)
HO2S produces a small electrical voltage (0-1 volt) when
exposed to heated exhaust gas. HO2S is electrically heated for faster
warm-up. Heating element is powered through Auto Shutdown (ASD) relay.\
HO2S acts like a rich/lean (air/fuel ratio) switch by
monitoring oxygen content in exhaust gas. This information is used by
PCM to adjust air/fuel ratio by adjusting injector pulse width.
HO2S produces low voltage when oxygen content in exhaust gas
is high. When oxygen content in exhaust gas is low, HO2S produces a
higher voltage.
Ignition Switch
Ignition switch sends signal to PCM indicating whether switch
is on, off or cranking (ST). When PCM receives ON signal, it energizes\
ASD relay coil and supplies power to sensors and actuators. When PCM
receives ST signal, it controls fuel injection rate, idle speed,
ignition timing, etc. for optimum cranking conditions.
Intake Air Temperature (IAT) Sensor
IAT sensor measures temperature of incoming intake air. This
information is used by PCM to adjust air/fuel mixture.
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor
MAP sensor monitors intake manifold vacuum. Sensor transmits
information on manifold vacuum and barometric pressure to PCM. MAP
sensor information is used with information from other sensors to
adjust air/fuel mixture.
Oil Pressure Sensor
Sensor sends a signal to PCM to indicate oil pressure.
Park/Neutral (P/N) Switch (A/T Models)
This switch may also be referred to as a Park/Neutral
Position (PNP) switch. P/N switch is available on vehicles equipped
with A/T only. Switch prevents engine starter from engaging if vehicle
is in any gear except Park or Neutral.
P/N switch input (varied with gear selection) is used to
determine idle speed, fuel injector pulse and ignition timing.
Page 1479 of 1691
diagram in appropriate WIRING DIAGRAMS article. For theory
and operation on each output component, refer to indicated
system.
A/C Clutch Relay
See A/C CLUTCH RELAY under MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS.
Auto Shutdown (ASD) Relay
See AUTO SHUTDOWN (ASD) RELAY & FUEL PUMP RELAY under
MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS.
Distributorless Ignition System (DIS)
See DISTRIBUTORLESS IGNITION SYSTEM (DIS) under IGNITION
SYSTEM.
Evaporative Canister Purge Control Solenoid (EVAP-CPCS)
See EVAPORATIVE (EVAP) EMISSIONS SYSTEM under EMISSION
SYSTEMS.
Fuel Injectors
See FUEL CONTROL under FUEL SYSTEM.
Fuel Pump Relay
See AUTO SHUTDOWN (ASD) RELAY & FUEL PUMP RELAY under
MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS.
Generator
See GENERATOR under MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS.
Idle Air Control (IAC) Motor
See IDLE SPEED under FUEL SYSTEM.
Ignition Coil
See IGNITION SYSTEM.
In-Tank Fuel Pump
See FUEL DELIVERY under FUEL SYSTEM.
Limp-In Mode
See LIMP-IN MODE under MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS.
Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL)
See MALFUNCTION INDICATOR LIGHT under SELF-DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM.
Radiator Fan Relay
See RADIATOR FAN RELAY under MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS.
Serial Communications Interface (SCI) Transmit
See SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE (SCI) under SELF-
DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM.
Shift Indicator Light
See SHIFT INDICATOR LIGHT under MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS.
Speed Control Servo
See SPEED CONTROL SERVO under MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS.
Tachometer
See TACHOMETER under MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS.
Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) Solenoid
See TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH (TCC) SOLENOID under
MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS.
Page 1484 of 1691
various switch input operations to adjust IAC motor to obtain optimum
idle conditions. Deceleration stall is prevented by increasing airflow
when throttle is closed suddenly.
IGNITION SYSTEM
NOTE: Pickup equipped with 8.0L engine uses Distributorless
Ignition system (DIS). All other models use a Hall Effect
ignition system.
The PCM completely controls ignition system. During
crank/start mode, PCM will set a fixed amount of spark advance for an
efficient engine start. Amount of spark advance or retard is
determined by inputs that PCM receives from ECT sensor, engine vacuum
and engine RPM. During engine operation, PCM can supply an infinite
number of advance curves to ensure proper engine operation.
DISTRIBUTORLESS IGNITION SYSTEM (DIS)
DIS eliminates mechanical ignition components that can wear
out. PCM has complete ignition control and uses a coil pack, CMP
sensor and CKP sensor to control ignition timing. CMP sensor reads
slots in cam timing sprocket. PCM uses this information along with
information from CKP sensor to determine if fuel injectors and
ignition coils are properly sequenced for correct cylinders.
Basic timing is determined by CKP sensor position and is not
adjustable. One complete engine revolution may be required for PCM to
determine crankshaft position during cranking.
Molded ignition coils are used. Each coil fires 2 paired
spark plugs at the same time. One cylinder is on compression stroke
and other cylinder is on exhaust stroke.
HALL EFFECT IGNITION SYSTEM
This system is equipped with a Hall Effect distributor. See
Fig. 1 . Shutter(s) attached to distributor shaft rotate through
distributor Hall Effect switch, also referred to as a CMP sensor,
which contains a distributor pick-up (a Hall Effect device and
magnet). As shutter blade(s) pass through pick-up, magnetic field is
interrupted and voltage is toggled between high and low. PCM uses this
cylinder position data from CMP sensor, along with engine speed (RPM)
and CKP sensor data, to control ignition timing and injector pulse
width to maintain optimum driveability.
EMISSION SYSTEMS
Vehicles are equipped with different combinations of emission
system components. Not all components are used on all models. To
determine component usage on a specific model, see EMISSION
APPLICATIONS - TRUCKS article.
AIR INJECTION SYSTEM
This system adds a controlled amount of air to exhaust gases,
through air relief valve and check valves, to assist oxidation of
hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in exhaust stream. Air is injected at
catalytic converters.
CRANKCASE VENTILATION (CCV) SYSTEM
CCV system performs same function as a conventional Positive
Page 1486 of 1691
PCM.
MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS
NOTE: Although not strictly considered part of engine performance
system, some controlled devices can adversely affect
driveability if they malfunction.
A/C CLUTCH RELAY
A/C clutch relay is controlled by PCM. When A/C or Defrost
mode is selected and PCM receives A/C request signal from evaporator
switch, PCM will cycle clutch on and off through A/C clutch relay.
When this relay is energized during engine operation, PCM will
determine correct engine idle speed through IAC motor.
When PCM senses low idle speed or wide open throttle through
TP sensor, PCM will de-energize A/C clutch relay, preventing A/C
operation.
AUTO SHUTDOWN (ASD) RELAY & FUEL PUMP RELAY
ASD relay and electric fuel pump relay are energized when
ignition is on. These relays are controlled through PCM by switching a
common ground circuit on and off. Following components are controlled
by ASD and fuel pump relays:
* Electric Fuel Pump
* Fuel Injectors
* Generator Field Winding
* Ignition Coil(s)
* HO2S Heating Element
When ignition switch is turned to RUN position, PCM energizes
ASD relay and electric fuel pump relay which powers these components.
If PCM does not receive a CMP and CKP sensor signal within one second
of engine cranking (start-up), PCM will turn ground circuit off and
de-energize ASD relay.
GENERATOR
Powertrain Control Module (PCM) regulates charging system
voltage.
LIMP-IN MODE
Limp-in mode is the attempt by PCM to compensate for failure
of certain components by substituting information from other sources
so that vehicle can still be operated. If PCM senses incorrect data or
no data at all from MAP sensor, TP sensor, ECT sensor or battery
voltage, system is placed into limp-in mode and Malfunction Indicator
Light (MIL) on instrument panel comes on.
If faulty sensor comes back on line, PCM will resume closed
loop operation. On some vehicles, MIL will remain on until ignition is
shut off and vehicle is restarted. To prevent damage to catalytic
converter, vehicle should NOT be driven for extended periods in limp-
in mode.
RADIATOR FAN RELAY
Electric cooling fan is used only on Dakota. Using
information supplied by A/C signal (if equipped), ECT sensor, and VSS,\