1997 SSANGYONG KORANDO air condition

M162 ENGINE MECHANICAL 1B1 -- 15
D AEW OO M Y_2000
Operation at Idling and Mid-Load
DIt show that the throttle valve (19) is closed or very
partially opened and the vacuum pressure in intake
manifold is high.
The blowby gas in the crankcase in partial load flows
into the intake manifold through the vent line (20) af-
ter passing the air conditioner bracket (6) and the fil-
ter (4). The air reentered into the intake manifoldwill
be dilluted on the flow through the restriction hole (11)
in the vent line (10).
The circulated engine oil is separated at the air condi-
tioner bracket (6) and then returns into the oil pan
through the drain pipe (7).
The vacuum pressure generated at the crankcase
sucks fresh air from intake air line (13) through the air
admission and vent connection (17,18).
The fresh air prevents engine oil from being contami-
nated and the air admission and vent connection
(17,18) is designed to control the rapid pressure
changes in intake air line (13).
Operation at Full-Load
DThe throttle valve (19) is fully opened.
All the blowby gases flow into the intake air duct (13)
after passing through the oil separator (15,16) of the
cylinder head cover (14) when fully loaded. This dil-
luted air will be supplied to the combustion chamber
through the intake manifold (12).

1B1 -- 44 M162 ENGINE MECHANICAL
D AEW OO M Y_2000
Removal & Installation Procedure
1. Unscrew the connecting rod bearing cap bolt and re-
move the bearing cap.
Installation Notice
Tightening Torque
40 NSm (30 lb-ft) + 90°
DMake sure that the upper and lower bearing shells
do not change each other.
DCoat the bearing shell with engine oil.
DInstall the bearing cap according to the consecu-
tive number.
Part No. : 601 030 00 62 2.15 mm
Part No. : 601 030 01 62 2.20 mm
Part No. : 601 030 02 62 2.25 mm
Part No. : 601 030 03 62 2.30 mm
Part No. : 601 030 04 62 2.40 mm
2. Unscrew the crankshaft bearing cap bolts and sepa-
rate the upper and lower bearing shells and thrust
washers.
Installation Notice
Tightening Torque
55 NSm (41 lb-ft) + 90°
DRemove the bearing cap from front (pulley side) to
rear.
DMake sure that the upper and lower bearing shells
do not change each other and coat with engine oil.
DThe oil grooves (arrows) in the thrust washers
must face outward and insert the thrust bearing
into the bearing cap.
DThere are five kinds of thrust washers by thick-
ness. Select the proper washer when repaired.
3. Remove the crankshaft.
4. Installation should follow the removal procedure in
the reverse order.
5. After completion of the installation, check for the ro-
tating condition of the crankshaft.
Installation Notice
DMake sure the crankshaft bearing cap properly
seated in place in the crankcase side. When perfectly
installed, the projected part (arrow) locates in the left
side (intake manifold side).
DAssemble so that the projected part of the cap and
crankcase face the same direction.

M162 ENGINE CONTROLS 1F1 -- 3
D AEW OO M Y_2000
SPECIFICATIONS
ENGINE DATA DISPLAY TABLE
ParameterUnitVa l u e
Engine Coolant Temp.°Cgreater than 95_Cafterwarmup
Intake Air Temp.°C-- 40 ~ 130_C (varies with ambient
temp. or engine mode)
Engine RPMrpm700±50 (P/N), 600±50 (D)
Regular RPMrpm700±50 (P/N), 600±50 (D)
Engine Load%18 ~ 25 %
Mass Air Flow MeterKg/h16 ~ 25 Kg/h
Throttle Position Angle_TA0_TA(upto100_TA at the wide
open throttle)
Spark Advance_CA8_CA (6 ~ 9_CA)
Indicated Engine TorqueNmVaries with engine condition
Injection Timems3~5ms
Battery VoltageV13.5 ~ 14.1 v (engine running)
Front Axle SpeedKm/h0~265Km/h
Rear Axle SpeedKm/h0~265Km/h
Accel. Pedal Position 1V0.4~4.8V
Accel. Pedal Position 2V0.2~2.4V
Throttle Position 1V0.3~4.6V
Throttle Position 2V0.3~4.6V
Fuel Integrator0.8 ~ 1.2
Oxygen Sensormv100 ~ 900 mv
A/C S/W Condition1=ON/0=OFF--
Full Load State1=ON/0=OFF--
Shift Gear State (A/T)1=ON/0=OFF--
A/CControlState1=ON/0=OFF--
Clutch Switch (M/T)1=ON/0=OFF--
Cam Actuator State1=ON/0=OFF--
Knocking Control1=ON/0=OFF--
Protect Mission1=ON/0=OFF--
Purge Control Valve1=ON/0=OFF--
Lambda Function1=ON/0=OFF--
Catalyst Heating1=ON/0=OFF--
Overrun Fuel Cut1=ON/0=OFF--
Full Fuel Cut1=ON/0=OFF--
Brake Switch1=ON/0=OFF--
Cruise Control Status1=ON/0=OFF--
* Condition : Warmed up, idle, P/N or neutral

M162 ENGINE CONTROLS 1F1 -- 23
D AEW OO M Y_2000
KAB1F150
Failure
CodeDescriptionTrouble AreaMaintenance Hint
17
Crankshaft position
sensor signal failure (no
engine revolution signal)Even through cam position
recognition is normal, no
crankshaft position signal
recognition
DMonitoring the actual rpm through or
scan tool
18
Crankshaft position
sensor signal failure
(rpm > max. value)When more than applicable
revolution values or
implausibleto60–2teeth
scantool
DInspection the ECM pin 100, 99 about
short circuit with bad contact
DInspection the CKP sensor
20
Crankshaft position
sensor signal failure
(gap recognition failure)
When implausible recognition
of cam and crank angle signal
or intermittent sensing the
signal or error count of
undetected gap.
p
DInspection the air gap between sensor
and drive plate
DInspection the drive plate (teeth
condition)
DInspection the ECM
67Crankshaft position
sensor adaptation failureWhen faulty crank angle
sensor adaption
p
Circuit Description
The 58X reference signal is produced by the CKP sensor. During one crankshaft revolution, 58 crankshaft pulseswill
be produced. The ECM uses the 58X reference signal to calculate engine rpm and CKP. The ECM constantly monitors
the number of pulses on the 58X reference circuit and compares them to the number of Camshaft Position (CMP)
signal pulses being received. If the ECM receives and incorrect number of pulses on the 58X reference circuit, this
failure code will set.
Crankshaft Position Sensor Resistance Inspection
1. Disconnect the coupling “E” of ECM while the ignition switch is in “OFF” position.
2. Measure the resistance between the coupling terminal pin No. 99 and No. 100 using a multimeter.
Specified Value
1,050 ~ 1,400Ω
Notice:Measure the insulator resistance of the CKP sensor if out of the specified value.

1F1 -- 40 M162 ENGINE CONTROLS
D AEW OO M Y_2000
FUEL SYSTEM
The function of the fuel metering system is to deliver the correct amount of fuel to the engine under all operating condi-
tions. The fuel is delivered to the engine by the individual fuel injectors mounted into the intake manifold near each
cylinder.
The main fuel control sensors are the Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor and the oxygen (O2) sensors.
The MAF sensor monitors the mass flow of the air being drawn into the engine. An electrically heated element is
mounted in the intake air stream, where it is cooled by the flow of incoming air. Engine Control Module (ECM) modu-
lates the flow of heating current to maintain the temperature differential between the heated film and the intake air at a
constant level. The amount of heating current required to maintain the temperature thus provides an index for the
mass air flow. This concept automatically compensates for variations in air density, as this is one of the factors that
determines the amount of warmth that the surrounding air absorbs from the heated element. MAF sensor is located
between the air filter and the throttle valve.
Under high fuel demands, the MAF sensor reads a high mass flow condition, such as wide open throttle. The ECM
uses this information to enrich the mixture, thus increasing the fuel injector on-- time, to provide the correct amount of
fuel. When decelerating, the mass flow decreases. This mass flow change is sensed by the MAF sensor and read by
the ECM, which then decreases the fuel injector on-- time due to the low fuel demand conditions.
The O2 sensors are located in the exhaust pipe before catalytic converter. The O2 sensors indicate to the ECM the
amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas, and the ECM changes the air/fuel ratio to the engine by controlling the fuel
injectors. The best air/fuel ratio to minimize exhaust emissions is 14.7 to 1, which allows the catalytic converter to
operate most efficiently. Because of the constant measuring and adjusting of the air/fuel ratio, the fuel injection system
is called a “closed loop” system.
The ECM uses voltage inputs from several sensors to determine how much fuel to provide to the engine. The fuel is
delivered under one of several conditions, called ‘‘modes”.
Starting Mode
When the ignition is turned ON, the ECM turns the fuel pump relay on for 1 second. The fuel pump then builds fuel
pressure. The ECM also checks the Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor and the Throttle Position (TP) sensor
and determines the proper air/fuel ratio for starting the engine. This ranges from 1.5 to 1 at -- 36°C(--33°F) coolant
temperature to 14.7 to 1 at 94°C (201°F) coolant temperature. The ECM controls the amount of fuel delivered in the
starting mode by changing how long the fuel injector is turned on and off. This is done by ‘‘pulsing” the fuel injectors for
very short times.
Run Mode
The run mode has two conditions called ‘‘open loop” and ‘‘closed loop”.
Open Loop
When the engine is first started and it is above 690 rpm, thesystem goes into “open loop” operation. In “open loop”, the
ECM ignores the signal from the HO2S and calculates the air/fuel ratio based on inputs from the ECT sensor and the
MAF sensor. The ECM stays in “open loop” until the following conditions are met:
DThe O2 has a varying voltage output, showing that it is hot enough to operate properly.
DThe ECT sensor is above a specified temperature (22.5°C).
DA specific amount of time has elapsed after starting the engine.
Closed Loop
The specific values for the above conditions vary with different engines and are stored in the Electronically Erasable
Programmable Read -- Only Memory (EEPROM). When these conditions are met, thesystem goes into “closed loop”
operation. In “closed loop”, the ECM calculates the air/fuel ratio (fuel injector on-- time) based on the signals from the
O2 sensors. This allows the air/fuel ratio to stay very close to 14.7 to 1.
Acceleration Mode
The ECM responds to rapid changes in throttle position and airflow and provides extra fuel.
Deceleration Mode
The ECM responds to changes in throttle position and airflow and reduces the amount of fuel. When deceleration is
very fast, the ECM can cut off fuel completely for short periods of time.

1F1 -- 50 M162 ENGINE CONTROLS
D AEW OO M Y_2000
PURGE CONTROL VALVE
YAA1F440
The fuel vaporization control system is installed to inhibit the fuel vaporized gas from discharging into the atmosphere.
The fuel vaporized gas that is accumulated in the canister abstracts through the purge control valve purification during
the engine combustion (except the decreasing mode) and coolant temperature of over 80°C. For this reason, the En-
gine Control Module (ECM) transacts the engine speed, air inflow quantity, coolant temperature, and intake tempera-
ture.
The purge control valve is activated by the ECM frequency according with the engine rotating speed to adjust the
purification rate. The purification rate is determined by the continuous valve opening interval.
The purge control valve is activated by the ECM for the following conditions:
DCoolant temperature of over 80°C
DEngine speed of over 1,000 rpm
D2 minutes after starting
DWhen the fuel cut -- off mode is not activated

M162 ENGINE CONTROLS 1F1 -- 57
D AEW OO M Y_2000
KAB1F240
Failure
CodeDescriptionTrouble AreaMaintenance Hint
104Throttle position sensor
1 low voltageTPS 1 short circuit to ground
or open
105Throttle position sensor
1 high voltageTPS 1 short circuit to power
108Throttle position sensor
2 low voltageTPS 2 short circuit to ground
or open
109Throttle position sensor
2 high voltageTPS 2 short circuit to powerDMonitoring the actual values through
scantool
116Throttle actuator
learning control failureWhen actuator adaption
fluctuation or not meet the
conditionscantool
DInspection the ECM pin 84, 85, 87,
112, 67, 68 about short circuit or open
with bad contact
119Throttle valve return
spring failureWhen return spring defective
of actuator
withbadcontact
DInspection the throttle valve actuator
DInspection the ECM
121Throttle actuator failureWhen supply voltage of the
actuator short circuit to power
InspectiontheECM
123
Different mass air flow
sensor signal with
throttle position sensorWhen shut down of output
driver
125Both throttle position
sensor failureWhen defective of both
potentiometers

1F1 -- 60 M162 ENGINE CONTROLS
D AEW OO M Y_2000
HOT FILM AIR MASS (HFM) SENSOR
YAA1F570
The Hot Film Air Mass (HFM) sensor with recognition of flow direction related to pulsating flow is designed for record-
ing load on Engine Control Module (ECM) by measuring the output voltage proportional to the reference voltage of the
ECM.
Mass Air Flow Sensor
Mass Air Flow (MAF) is a thermal flow meter whose sensor element with its temperature sensors and heating area is
exposed to the MAF to be measured. A heating area located in the center of a thin membrane is controlled to an over --
temperature by a heating resistor and a temperature sensor of this membrane. And the value of over -- temperature
depends on the temperature of the in-- flowing air.
Two temperature sensors on upstream and downstream of the heating area show the same temperature without in-
coming flow. With incoming flow, upstream part is cooled down but downstream temperature retains its temperature
more or less due to the air heated up in the heating area. This temperature difference in quantity and direction depends
on the direction of the incoming flow.
ECM modulates the flow of heating current to maintain the temperature differential between the heated film and the
intake air at a constant level. The amount of heating current required to maintain the temperature thus provides an
index for the MAF. This concept automatically compensates for variations in air density, as this is one of the factors that
determines the amount of warmth that the surrounding air absorbs from the heated element. MAF sensor is located
between the air filter and the throttle valve.
Under high fuel demands, the MAF sensor reads a high mass flow condition, such as Wide Open Throttle (WOT). The
ECM uses this information to enrich the mixture, thus increasing the fuel injector on-- time, to provide the correct
amount of fuel. When decelerating, the mass flow decreases. This mass flow change is sensed by the MAF sensor
and read by the ECM, which then decreases the fuel injector on-- time due to the low fuel demand conditions.
To facilitate the installation of the HFM in the intake passage, lubricating agents may be used. However, when lubri-
cants are used care must be taken to ensure that they do not enter the flow passage and cannot be sucked in with the
air flow.